This one video is the Bible of Stepper Motor. No other video can explain better. The animation is superb. On any question on Stepper Motor, I shall come back to this video. Thanks.
Can I say this HAS to be one of the most comprehensive and detailed instruction I've come across. I'm an active animator/filmmaker (65 yrs old!) and I'm getting back into creating my own art projects involving Arduino/steppers. Your clip was absolutely wonderful, and has given me the necessary insight and momentum to get this going. 30 years ago I had a multi-axis stepper-motor driven animation rostrum. It was massive & ludicrously expensive then. Times and the costs have changed the game. I'm excited, and you've given me the fillip to work with steppers again! Thank you. I WILL view your subsequent video on how to drive the motors via Arduino. Thanks again.
This has to be by far the most comprehensive explanation of stepper motor driving that I have seen. Well presented and a wealth of information, thank you for taking the time to present this tutorial. I wish every tutorial was presented in such a detailed, yet simple, method.
Wow! Thanks, you saved me the trouble of taking it apart! Seriously, I am a novice Arduino user, and I love the professionalism of your videos. I have a lot to learn, and I thank you for being a good hands-on teacher!
That was EASILY one of the best tutorials I've ever seen on RUclips; I now feel like a "Stepper motor EXPERT!" Now, while you didn't cover programming the servo, for me, at least, that's straight-forward, but it's nice to know how code can make use of such servos. Thank you for a truly great job!
Amazing, most videos just focus on the operation of the Arduino's Sketch and the proper code, but fully understanding a project like this is equally valuable, I'm a physicist trying to get into electronics stuff, and let me tell you've done it pretty good in applying electromagnetic concept. here, thanks.
Excellent, amazingly well orchestrated presentation, impeccable graphics, nicely narrated, not the monotonic sleep inducing dialog we are used to. I have seen the light of steppers thank you for your evangelism!!
Hi Bret, I had to watch this video twice for it to sink in and so glad I did. I'm getting incredible torque from this little stepper (same hardware setup as you show) in full step mode. You have a way of explaining complex subjects that makes it simple to understand. Thank you. My highest RUclips compliment, Subscribed.
I bought this cheap little motor/board combo on Amazon and thought, "well, let's see if there's any good documentation out there." I watched this video and fell out of my chair! I know how long it takes to put something like this together. Thank you very much for doing it!
Hi Bret, After seeing your video I felt compelled to say: Thank you mate! for such a detailed explanation. Thank you for taking the time to do this. The animations were fantastic help.
Excellent video!! Thank you very much. I did the math, it is actually 4076 steps for a full rotation of the motor shaft in half step mode, not 4096 as mentioned. I rounded from 4075.77284.
I was confused as to why it took so many steps to get a rotation on the output shaft when I fiddled about with this from my MSP430. Your video explains it perfectly, thank you.
You bet! Glad you liked it. I need to get time back on the bench to finish up my Raspberry Pi and Arduino vides for how to use them. Hope to get those done soon.
Is this a tutorial or what ???? OMG just fantastic...am a mech engineer....turned photographer who lost touch of technology a while back and am back on it with the Intel Edison which I won at the IOT.....now this video put into place so many doubts i had....thanks so much... you are Awesome bret!!!! Subscribing to you channel now :)
Outstanding presentation. I have been programming for over two decades and am finally starting to get into physical computing. This was perfect. I have motors spinning! Thanks.
Such a clear explanation. Thank you for this. I now understand the half step mode which explains why my original program drove the thing at twice the rate (wave) I was expecting from the spec. A quick tweak of the code and all is now perfect. Great job great video.
Thanks for the video mate. I am new to this lark and just starting out playing with Arduino for astronomy projects. Now I know about the stepper, next stop for me the dreaded coding. Never too old to learn :) ( 54 by the way )
I love you Bret, This video is really helpful for my assembly class. We are working on basic stepper control using 8051. And this video really helps to get a deeper intuition of motor operation. This video Rocks.
Finally, I think I understand how this little stepper motor works. Very nicely done. I can hardly wait to get home and write some code for the Arduino that I can control.
FYI, the Graham Wideman's "Motors- 28BYJ-48 Stepper motor notes" link does not exist anymore, you can find the pdf version of that notes from this link www.kollino.de/download/motors_28byj-48_stepper_motor_notes_-_grahamwideman/
Agree, I honestly haven't used them in a ton of projects (just a couple) so I'm not sure I'm the best person to say. I'd love to hear what others are using them for though!
Thanks a lot. This is definitely the best explanation I have ever seen on RUclips for anything. Now I have a full understanding on how and why I program the code in my Arduino to drive the steppers. Cheers!
Excellent description of the various drive methods. Well explained, articulate, with easy to understand graphics. I learned a lot. Thank you so much. (subscribed)
Just awesome the way you explain such a complex thing. Before seeing your video i didn't knew pretty much about step motors. thanks a lot buddy! Greetings from Mexico!
Very informative video. The gear ratio part was also explained nicely, I got that motor now, waiting for the female-male pins to arrive.. Thanks a lot.
very detail tutorial on the motor, i will say the best in youtube. excellent work. please keep making such tutorial on peripherals for microcontrollers.
Thanks for taking the time to share this awesome detailed vid. I picked up 5 of these off ebay for the kids at code club to play with (me first though of course haha). I'll check out your arduino vid too as that's what I'll be hooking these up to.
One of the best tutorial videos I've seen. I'm digging out my 28BYJ-48 motors and ULN2003 boards right now to try some of this. Thanks so much. By the way, based on your gear calculations of 63.65 turns of the inner rotor for one turn of the motor shaft, I figured that 10,184 full steps (32 per inner rotation) will get you exactly 5 turns of the outer shaft. Does that sound right?
Thanks for the video. I am trying to work with a mm2001 driver board which uses this chip. Your explanation clears some of my issues. Thanks and have a nice day.
I rarely comment on RUclips, but your video is too great to just got a thumbs up. I enjoyed the presentation and its explanation, it really helps to understand. (..and one of a few tutorials that doesn't lulaby me to sleep :D ). Definitely worth the 200k~ish view :)
I multiplied out those gear ratios in high precision float and get 63.68395062 not 63.65. I only mention it because I'm working on a clock and really want to keep track of the fractional bits I missed 360 by and add in extra steps when the fraction gets over 1.
Wow, that was very well explained, thank you. Now thinking about adding a routine to my sketch to compensate this gear ratio of1:63,.... I’m trying to build a clock with this motor.
Thankyou, this video helped me work out which order to drive the motor as my controler doesn't appear to wire the pins the same as others on the internet.
Thank you for the excellent video as well as the sample code on GitHub. Some people have been recommending physically modifying these stepper motors to force Full Step stepping. I thought it was rather odd since I was pretty sure you could just code it. Your video clearly explained how to achieve full step using code.
FYI, I was just testing with one of my motors and found that it had a different gear ration (16:1, or really 16.032:1)rather than (64:1). I've tried looking up the numbers on the faces to see if I can find any kind of spec sheet that called out different part numbers and their gear ratios. No luck so far, please share if you find one. However, I did see that Adafruit is selling the 16:1 gear ratio motors on their site (www.adafruit.com/products/858). Everything else is the same, you just need to change the "steps per rotation" math. Gears Ratio Calcs: 9 tooth Rotor Gear meshes with a 32 tooth gear = 3.5555 gear ratio 11 tooth gear ganged to bottom of 32 tooth gear meshes with a 22 tooth gear = 2.0 gear ratio The same 22 tooth gear meshes with a 16 tooth gear = .7273 gear ratio 10 tooth gear ganged on top of 16 tooth gear meshes with the 31 tool motor shaft gear = 3.1 gear ratio Total gear ratio = 3.5555 * 2 * .727273 * 3.1 = 16.0320 Wave Driving / Full Stepping = 32 rotor steps per rotation * 16.032 = 513.024 Steps per rotation Half Stepping = 64 rotor steps per rotation * 16.032 = 1026.048 steps per rotation. I've also noticed that the motor I have tends to slip or hang at higher speeds (lower delays between steps) so I have had to run it pretty slow to keep it accurate a 4ms delay between steps seems pretty reliable.
~64:1 gear ratio, besides greater resolution, provides good multiplication of torque. Half-stepping will still provide enough torque to be used in many applications.
Excellent tutorial and intro to steppers! Really looking forward to more videos - particularly with Arduino. The dream is to build a small robot with a few of these motors and drivers :)
Just saw another awesome video about all kinds of steppers motors. Check out Norbert Heinz's "Working principles of several stepper motors (bipolar, unipolar, reluctance and can-stack)" video here: ruclips.net/video/Qc8zcst2blU/видео.html . The 28BYJ-48 is a "Can-Stack" motor as Norbert explains. You can learn more at the end of his video about 33mins in: ruclips.net/video/Qc8zcst2blU/видео.html?t=33m13s . His video explains how a bipolar can-stack motor works, but the 28BYJ-48 is wired as a unipolar motor with the center tap coming out of each coil. Watch his full video though and he explains both bi-polar and unipolar motors and it should make sense.
Thank you so much for creating this video. It was super informative. I just ordered a couple of these motors off of ebay and am excited to try them out!
Absolute fantastic video tutorial. I just had to leave a comment and a like. I very much appreciate it. I don't actually have the 28BYJ-48 motor, but this video was super great for just explaining steppers in general. And with the additional tutorial on gear ratios too. In fact, now that I've watched this I probably will buy some of these motors, although I have tons of other stepper motors here already. Anyway, thanks for the great tutorial. Loved it! Fantastic graphics too!
Thanks for the detailled and professional video. Since I am currently working on some arduino project, for which I want to use this Stepper Motor, I cannot wait to learn more in your next videos. I managed to drive the motor directly form the arduino board. Can you tell me what exactly is the benefit of the ULN2003 driver? Hope I can learn how to run the motor in parallel to other actions from your next videos.
I'm using this motor in a project and im using an ATmega32 for the microcontroler but i don't have the ULN2003 Driver and i wanted to ask if it is possible to control the motor directly from the microcontroller without the driver.
This one video is the Bible of Stepper Motor. No other video can explain better. The animation is superb. On any question on Stepper Motor, I shall come back to this video. Thanks.
Φψ
Can I say this HAS to be one of the most comprehensive and detailed instruction I've come across. I'm an active animator/filmmaker (65 yrs old!) and I'm getting back into creating my own art projects involving Arduino/steppers. Your clip was absolutely wonderful, and has given me the necessary insight and momentum to get this going. 30 years ago I had a multi-axis stepper-motor driven animation rostrum. It was massive & ludicrously expensive then. Times and the costs have changed the game. I'm excited, and you've given me the fillip to work with steppers again! Thank you. I WILL view your subsequent video on how to drive the motors via Arduino. Thanks again.
That's awesome. I'd love to hear about your creations!
Clearly and straightforwardly explained, great visuals, no irritating, pointless background music - excellent work! Thanks Bret! :)
This has to be by far the most comprehensive explanation of stepper motor driving that I have seen. Well presented and a wealth of information, thank you for taking the time to present this tutorial. I wish every tutorial was presented in such a detailed, yet simple, method.
Having been in education for about 40 years, I have to say that this is one of the best technical RUclips presentations I've ever seen! Superb.
Wow! Thanks, you saved me the trouble of taking it apart! Seriously, I am a novice Arduino user, and I love the professionalism of your videos. I have a lot to learn, and I thank you for being a good hands-on teacher!
Probably the clearest and most comprehensive tutorial I have ever seen. In a word, superb. Thank you.
Bloody excellent explanation. I had to watch a few times to understand why we have to know the stepper motor mechanism thoroughly. Thank you 🙏
That was EASILY one of the best tutorials I've ever seen on RUclips; I now feel like a "Stepper motor EXPERT!" Now, while you didn't cover programming the servo, for me, at least, that's straight-forward, but it's nice to know how code can make use of such servos. Thank you for a truly great job!
Thanks for the nice words @Grumich. If you are looking for a programming tutorial on the Arduino, check out aka.ms/28byjArduino
Amazing, most videos just focus on the operation of the Arduino's Sketch and the proper code, but fully understanding a project like this is equally valuable, I'm a physicist trying to get into electronics stuff, and let me tell you've done it pretty good in applying electromagnetic concept. here, thanks.
Excellent, amazingly well orchestrated presentation, impeccable graphics, nicely narrated, not the monotonic sleep inducing dialog we are used to. I have seen the light of steppers thank you for your evangelism!!
Các bạn có thể tham khảo sản phẩm tại: www.sendo.vn/dong-co-buoc-giam-toc-28byj48-5v-9375261.html
This video will be valuable for the next 100 years.
Hi Bret, I had to watch this video twice for it to sink in and so glad I did.
I'm getting incredible torque from this little stepper (same hardware setup as you show) in full step mode.
You have a way of explaining complex subjects that makes it simple to understand. Thank you.
My highest RUclips compliment, Subscribed.
Glad it helped you out!
I bought this cheap little motor/board combo on Amazon and thought, "well, let's see if there's any good documentation out there." I watched this video and fell out of my chair! I know how long it takes to put something like this together. Thank you very much for doing it!
The quality of instruction and detail is astonishing. Thank you for making this a sharing this video!
Aside from the operating system that I run, this is one of the greatest things MS has done! Thanks Brett.
Possibly The Best Digestible Informative Explanation about Stepper motors RUclips
Hi Bret, After seeing your video I felt compelled to say: Thank you mate! for such a detailed explanation. Thank you for taking the time to do this. The animations were fantastic help.
Excellent video!! Thank you very much. I did the math, it is actually 4076 steps for a full rotation of the motor shaft in half step mode, not 4096 as mentioned. I rounded from 4075.77284.
Possible the best explanation I’ve seen on this topic! Thanks for putting your time in this!
I was confused as to why it took so many steps to get a rotation on the output shaft when I fiddled about with this from my MSP430. Your video explains it perfectly, thank you.
This was just amazing. Thank you Sir.
You bet! Glad you liked it. I need to get time back on the bench to finish up my Raspberry Pi and Arduino vides for how to use them. Hope to get those done soon.
A fantastic tutorial on stepper motors. Very easy to follow due to being explained so well. Thank you.
Is this a tutorial or what ???? OMG just fantastic...am a mech engineer....turned photographer who lost touch of technology a while back and am back on it with the Intel Edison which I won at the IOT.....now this video put into place so many doubts i had....thanks so much... you are Awesome bret!!!! Subscribing to you channel now :)
Outstanding presentation. I have been programming for over two decades and am finally starting to get into physical computing. This was perfect. I have motors spinning! Thanks.
Such a clear explanation. Thank you for this. I now understand the half step mode which explains why my original program drove the thing at twice the rate (wave) I was expecting from the spec. A quick tweak of the code and all is now perfect. Great job great video.
Thanks for the video mate. I am new to this lark and just starting out playing with Arduino for astronomy projects. Now I know about the stepper, next stop for me the dreaded coding. Never too old to learn :) ( 54 by the way )
I love you Bret, This video is really helpful for my assembly class.
We are working on basic stepper control using 8051.
And this video really helps to get a deeper intuition of motor operation.
This video Rocks.
This is the type of videos I've been looking for. Very informative and complete description of stepper motors.
Great video Keep them coming !!!
This is just what I needed! This is my first build and I can't tell how helpful this video was.
Finally, I think I understand how this little stepper motor works. Very nicely done. I can hardly wait to get home and write some code for the Arduino that I can control.
FYI, the Graham Wideman's "Motors- 28BYJ-48 Stepper motor notes" link does not exist anymore, you can find the pdf version of that notes from this link www.kollino.de/download/motors_28byj-48_stepper_motor_notes_-_grahamwideman/
Thanks so much for sharing that @Abhijeet.
way more info than needed, and its apreciated, thank you a ton
Excellent and very clear explanation. About the only thing I can think of that’s missing is what these can typically drive. ie application, torque etc
Agree, I honestly haven't used them in a ton of projects (just a couple) so I'm not sure I'm the best person to say. I'd love to hear what others are using them for though!
I second what many others have said already: this was an extremely well prepared and presented presentation. Thank you.
Thanks a lot. This is definitely the best explanation I have ever seen on RUclips for anything. Now I have a full understanding on how and why I program the code in my Arduino to drive the steppers. Cheers!
Excellent description of the various drive methods. Well explained, articulate, with easy to understand graphics. I learned a lot. Thank you so much. (subscribed)
Just awesome the way you explain such a complex thing. Before seeing your video i didn't knew pretty much about step motors. thanks a lot buddy! Greetings from Mexico!
Outstanding video!! You are very talented at explaining things in a clear, common sense approach. Great Job!!
The Best Explanation of Stepper Motors And Controllers that I've come across yet.
Saved to Playlist/Subscribed/Notifications On.
Very informative video. The gear ratio part was also explained nicely, I got that motor now, waiting for the female-male pins to arrive.. Thanks a lot.
Great intro to stepper motors. Thank you for providing this.
very detail tutorial on the motor, i will say the best in youtube. excellent work.
please keep making such tutorial on peripherals for microcontrollers.
I've never actually enjoyed death by powerpoint before. That was informative, and well presented. Thank you so much.
Yep. It's all PowerPoint! :-)
And I guess that wouldn't be an example of death by powerpoint because it wasn't boring.
Thanks for taking the time to share this awesome detailed vid.
I picked up 5 of these off ebay for the kids at code club to play with (me first though of course haha).
I'll check out your arduino vid too as that's what I'll be hooking these up to.
Awesome!
I finally got to understand the step motor after watching this video. Thank you.
amazing tutorials. seriously you have saved my life. instructions are SO clear and diagrams are REALLY helpful. THANKYOU!!
Nice video which helps me understand some of concepts behind the programming on the stepper motor. Thanks for sharing.
Excellent, thorough, no wasted time, and very helpful. Thanks!
Excellent video...had to watch it a few times to fully appreciate the subtly of it all.
It did help me unerdtanding / starting with stepper motor
Very much thanks from the Netherlands
This is awesome video with clear animations and explanations. Hats off Bret. :)
This is the best and complex stepper motor tutorial i've ever seen. Good job, Bret! :)
OUTSTANDING TOP OF THE LINE SUPREME PRESENTATION!!!
One of the best tutorial videos I've seen. I'm digging out my 28BYJ-48 motors and ULN2003 boards right now to try some of this. Thanks so much. By the way, based on your gear calculations of 63.65 turns of the inner rotor for one turn of the motor shaft, I figured that 10,184 full steps (32 per inner rotation) will get you exactly 5 turns of the outer shaft. Does that sound right?
Thanks for the video. I am trying to work with a mm2001 driver board which uses this chip. Your explanation clears some of my issues.
Thanks and have a nice day.
Thanks Bret, a really well presented demo, with great graphics!
A beautifully crafted tutorial, thank you. Bookmarked for future reference!
I rarely comment on RUclips, but your video is too great to just got a thumbs up.
I enjoyed the presentation and its explanation, it really helps to understand.
(..and one of a few tutorials that doesn't lulaby me to sleep :D ).
Definitely worth the 200k~ish view :)
Thansk!
Incredible Content, explanation, and graphics, Thank you for the knowledge you transferred to us!
I know this topic from working stack shot macro photo gear. You are a master teacher. Thank you.
amazing...i actually just went and bought these today because of your video.....great help. thanks
Just what I needed, thank you for a great video, animation and explanation. Totally supporting people like you.
Great video man, I'm building an xy-ploter table and your video was really informative about the how this motors work!
Best video,and follow up I have yet seen, Nice one Bret.
I multiplied out those gear ratios in high precision float and get 63.68395062 not 63.65. I only mention it because I'm working on a clock and really want to keep track of the fractional bits I missed 360 by and add in extra steps when the fraction gets over 1.
Excellent and very informative video. My students and I benefit a lot from your videos. Thanks a lot.
Nice visualization of stepper motor...
and the explanation make everythings clear..
Thanks..
Wow, that was very well explained, thank you.
Now thinking about adding a routine to my sketch to compensate this gear ratio of1:63,.... I’m trying to build a clock with this motor.
Thankyou, this video helped me work out which order to drive the motor as my controler doesn't appear to wire the pins the same as others on the internet.
Absolute phantastic detailed video!
Really great video. Best stepper tutorial I've seen. Looking forward to the follow-up👍
Thank you for the excellent video as well as the sample code on GitHub. Some people have been recommending physically modifying these stepper motors to force Full Step stepping. I thought it was rather odd since I was pretty sure you could just code it. Your video clearly explained how to achieve full step using code.
FYI, I was just testing with one of my motors and found that it had a different gear ration (16:1, or really 16.032:1)rather than (64:1). I've tried looking up the numbers on the faces to see if I can find any kind of spec sheet that called out different part numbers and their gear ratios. No luck so far, please share if you find one. However, I did see that Adafruit is selling the 16:1 gear ratio motors on their site (www.adafruit.com/products/858). Everything else is the same, you just need to change the "steps per rotation" math.
Gears Ratio Calcs:
9 tooth Rotor Gear meshes with a 32 tooth gear = 3.5555 gear ratio
11 tooth gear ganged to bottom of 32 tooth gear meshes with a 22 tooth gear = 2.0 gear ratio
The same 22 tooth gear meshes with a 16 tooth gear = .7273 gear ratio
10 tooth gear ganged on top of 16 tooth gear meshes with the 31 tool motor shaft gear = 3.1 gear ratio
Total gear ratio = 3.5555 * 2 * .727273 * 3.1 = 16.0320
Wave Driving / Full Stepping = 32 rotor steps per rotation * 16.032 = 513.024 Steps per rotation
Half Stepping = 64 rotor steps per rotation * 16.032 = 1026.048 steps per rotation.
I've also noticed that the motor I have tends to slip or hang at higher speeds (lower delays between steps) so I have had to run it pretty slow to keep it accurate a 4ms delay between steps seems pretty reliable.
Great video, graphics and animation! good job!
~64:1 gear ratio, besides greater resolution, provides good multiplication of torque. Half-stepping will still provide enough torque to be used in many applications.
Agreed
Excellent tutorial and intro to steppers! Really looking forward to more videos - particularly with Arduino. The dream is to build a small robot with a few of these motors and drivers :)
Excellent explanation of stepper motor... and driver...
Thanks for putting in the time and making this great and informative video.
Just saw another awesome video about all kinds of steppers motors. Check out Norbert Heinz's "Working principles of several stepper motors (bipolar, unipolar, reluctance and can-stack)" video here: ruclips.net/video/Qc8zcst2blU/видео.html . The 28BYJ-48 is a "Can-Stack" motor as Norbert explains. You can learn more at the end of his video about 33mins in: ruclips.net/video/Qc8zcst2blU/видео.html?t=33m13s . His video explains how a bipolar can-stack motor works, but the 28BYJ-48 is wired as a unipolar motor with the center tap coming out of each coil. Watch his full video though and he explains both bi-polar and unipolar motors and it should make sense.
Bret Stateham and how we Can use 12v in uln2003 with 12v stepper motor???
Lots of effort put into making this video, great job and thank you.
Excellent tutorial! Very clear and wonderfull graphics!
A very detailed and useful explanation - good work!
This video is very helpful and informative. It helped me out so much on a project I am doing.
That's great Sir! It's clear, easy enough for a maker non professional and, moreover for me, it's straight to the point!
So... THANKS!
Thank you so much for creating this video. It was super informative. I just ordered a couple of these motors off of ebay and am excited to try them out!
Very well explained, this is the best tutorial I have watched till date! 👏👍🏼
Absolute fantastic video tutorial. I just had to leave a comment and a like. I very much appreciate it. I don't actually have the 28BYJ-48 motor, but this video was super great for just explaining steppers in general. And with the additional tutorial on gear ratios too. In fact, now that I've watched this I probably will buy some of these motors, although I have tons of other stepper motors here already. Anyway, thanks for the great tutorial. Loved it! Fantastic graphics too!
Wow! This is a great explanation of this little motor. Thanks you.
Great video, very clear and concise, beautiful presentation.
Thanks a bunch!
wow, that's a very clear and very informative video. Thanks for taking the time to make it.
best explanation on this system ever. Excellent!
Thank you for sharing, that was clear and easy to understand.......you have some serious skills! Really appreciate it!
well done and thank you for taking the time to do the video, that what makes youtubers great
Great video, I now understand steppers a lot more.
Thanks for the detailled and professional video. Since I am currently working on some arduino project, for which I want to use this Stepper Motor, I cannot wait to learn more in your next videos.
I managed to drive the motor directly form the arduino board. Can you tell me what exactly is the benefit of the ULN2003 driver?
Hope I can learn how to run the motor in parallel to other actions from your next videos.
Check min 8:40 in the video.
Just an excellent video, great job! Thanks for doing this. Cheers from Argentina.
I'm using this motor in a project and im using an ATmega32 for the microcontroler but i don't have the ULN2003 Driver and i wanted to ask if it is possible to control the motor directly from the microcontroller without the driver.
That is some thorough explanation... Thanks for this video
Great video, very informative but I don’t understand what the hair straighteners relevance are @ 1:22 in lol