MICROPHONE and LOUDSPEAKER - working || Communication System - Part 2 || in HINDI

In this Physics video lecture for class 12 in Hindi we explained the working principle of microphone and loudspeaker or speaker. These are the basic units of audio communication system. Their basic structure is the same and they work in the opposite mechanism. When we speak the light membrane of the microphone known as diaphragm vibrates and the light case attached to it also vibrates. A coil is attached to the case which also vibrates. A magnet is placed near the coil which creates magnetic field. As the coil vibrates the magnetic flux associated with the coil changes. From Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction we can say the change in the magnetic flux creates induced emf and induced current in the coil. the coil is attached to a wire which passes through an amplifier an the other end of the wire is attached to the coil of the loudspeaker. The coil of the speaker is attached to a light case which in turn is attached to a light membrane. The induced current produced in the microphone side reaches the coil of the speaker and the presence of a magnet near that coil vibrates the coil and hence the membrane of the speaker producing the exact sound as caught by the microphone.
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Types of Microphones :
Dynamic microphones are just ordinary microphones that use diaphragms, magnets, and coils. Condenser microphones work a slightly different way by using a diaphragm to move the metal plates of a capacitor (an electric-charge storing device) and generate a current that way. Most microphones are omnidirectional, which means they pick up sound equally well from any direction. If you're recording something like a TV news reporter in a noisy environment, or a rare bird tweeting in a distant hedgerow, you're better off using a unidirectional microphone that picks up sound from one specific direction. Microphones described as cardioid and hypercardioid pick up sounds in a kind of "heart-shaped" (that's what cardioid means) pattern, gathering more sound from one direction than another. As their name suggests, you can target shotgun microphones so they pick up sounds from a very specific location because they are highly directional. Wireless microphones use radio transmitters to send their signals to and from an amplifier or other audio equipment
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Arijit Daripa
EduPoint,
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Dist- Seraikela-Kharsawan,
Jharkhand,
India.