Excellent demonstration - best I have ever seen about why there is current flow without any electrons flowing between the plates. Nobody else ever shows the magnetic force pushing the electrons off the positive plate. I also want to praise your description of the inductor in another video, where you show how current induces a current in an adjacent turn of the wire, and how that works against the first current. Brilliant!
Thank you, hope it helps. I have a FREE Ebook. Password is allamericanfiveradio ruclips.net/user/redirect?event=channel_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqa2hhVTRycWdJd1FUbTFCZWNmdGtQNlZCRmEzd3xBQ3Jtc0tuOFQ2bFhRcWdjdUdIcUREcnZFaHc0M2xURGhITVRuWDE2cGlDakdYUF9uODktNzc3TVRJTWdROUt6R3NLN2lla3hFS2lIM0RnOXR1dXFxMGx2cUNtWDhXb1Zvc2RCbGQxTThoendmN2E5R0lJdmI0Yw&q=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1HHmaWYr7UMACfmS4W5uL6PADoem2KlRp%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing
Hi AllamericanFiveRadio, thanks for another fine explanation. One step further.....we have a psu with a plus and minus rail and a center zero between plus and minus. The two capacitors takes down (or reduces) the ripple after the bridge rectifier... I wondered: does (ripple) capacitors get warm inside when we draw amperes because of the so called "capacitive reactance"...best regards Kim
Thank you. Usually capacitors get warm when there is to much voltage. Also the wrong polarity applied to electrolytic capacitors may cause them to explode.
So basically a capacitor is an 'ionization' device - when fully charged, the excess of electrons on one of the plates means the atoms are negative ions (possessing an excess of electrons when compared to the uncharged capacitor). And on the other plate, there is a relative absence of electrons, so those atoms are positive ions. That's the DC case: when the capacitor is fully charged, negative ions on one plate, and positive ions on the other plate. For the AC case, you are just swapping the ions back and forth at twice the frequency of the AC. I say 'twice the frequency' because each period of the AC signal has a positive 'half-cycle' (half the 360 degrees per period of the AC wave, or 180 degrees) and a negative half cycle. So for example, in a 2 Hertz AC wave (obviously a very low frequency but just to make the point), there are 2 periods of the sine wave per second - 2 Hertz. In the first 1/2 second, 1 Hertz - a full cycle of a sine wave - the sine wave applied to the capacitor will charge one side positive, the other side negative, and then swap the charges on the plates. In the second 1/2 second, another 1 Hertz - a complete cycle - occurs, and again you initially charge one plate positive and the other negative for the positive half of the sine wave, then you swap the charges on the capacitor plates during the negative half cycle of the sine wave. So in a frequency of 2Hz, the charge on each plate changed 4 times: positive then swapped to negative, then positive again then swapped to negative.
This video shows one complete AC cycle. If one of these complete AC cycle were repeated 100 time consecutively in one second, this is 100Hz. MOSFET Push Pull Amplifier Visual Demo ruclips.net/video/-6N7l1dnk6s/видео.html
thank you very much.I'm wondering what happens when in the alternative voltage case it approaches the maximum (3:01) and then the voltage starts to decrease what happens inside the capacitors? where the positive charge goes?
Thank you for such a quick reply. Correct me if I wrong. In this situation (a little bit after 3:01) the potential at the capacitor plate "+" is bigger than the power supply's "+", then creates the potential difference that starts to drag electrons towards the capacitor "+" and therefore create the "blue" charge which are neutral. the same happens at the minus side of capacitor.
Blue is neutral, that means the molecules has no charge. When electrons are pulled away this leaves the molecules with a positive charge. When electrons are pushed into the molecules they now become negative. Alternating current (AC) is the same thing as far as electrons, but, the polarity continuously changes from positive to negative and negative to positive. It is about the same thing as with a battery if you could keep switching the battery poles manually. AC is usually shown the way I have this video. It starts with zero Potential which is 0°, it gradually increases positively until it reaches peak positive, 90°. Then it starts to decrease in positive potential until it reaches zero again, 180°. At this point it starts to move negatively until it reaches peak negative, 270°. From there it starts moving toward zero or less negative, and when it reaches zero again it has traveled 360°. The capacitor plates follows the electron flow.
thank you. decrease in positive potential meaning that electrons should flow from + of power supply to + capacitor to neutralize molecules, i.e already after 90°of positive potential the current changes his direction? my question is where + side takes electrons to neutralize itself as potential starts to decrease in power supply?
Sir I have been benifitted a lot from your video.Would you please kindly expain why electrons flow on the right plate in the time when elctroncs are flowing form the negative side of the battery to the left plate of the Capacitor?
+Supriyo Ghatak The only thing that we really know is, electrons (what ever they are) (something) travels in a circuit from negative to positive. This is going to surprise you, nobody knows why. There are lots of theories about why electrons move in a circuit from negative to positive. It is most important to keep in mind what a theory is, it is somebody's best guess. However this part has been proven that whatever it is we call electrons do apparently move from negative to positive in a circuit. I find it very interesting that no matter how many doctorates a person may have, they cannot tell you the why of anything. They can only give you a theory, which is their best guess.
Thank you for your time to make a nice video. your animation show the electrons going one direction from 0 degree to 180 degree, then going the opposite way from 180 degree to 360 degree. if the electrons reach the positive peak at 90 degree(no more electrons can charge to the right hand side plate), that means if the AC does not change the direction, how the electrons can travel back to left hand side plate from the 90 degree to 270 degree. It is confuse me and i really need your help! thank you!
thanks, i really understand the electrons do not change direction at both the 0° and the 180° points in an AC sine wave, but it looks like so in the sine wave. (above or below 0)
Here are a few videos that may help you understand this process. Capacitors, DC and AC Current ruclips.net/video/NInt1Ss3vQ4/видео.html Capacitors, DC, AC, and Frequencies ruclips.net/video/YfJKNSkz_Lk/видео.html Audio Coupling Capacitor, how it Functions in a Circuit ruclips.net/video/PAPnwX6YiIM/видео.html
Sir if the negative-side of the battery connect to a conductor and positive side let loose; do not connect to anything, does the electron from the battery flow to the conductor? and ampere can be measured?
+Totardo Tobing The only way current can be measured is with a current meter in series in a closed circuit. Now you can measure the voltage across the capacitor and also on across the source such as a battery.
I see both battery voltage and capacitor voltage will same after/if capacitor get charged. What if the two conductor is a two body of person do the they get charged also? Since body of human is a conductor too. For instance, I have a 1.5 V batteries. The negative-side of the battery connect to body of human left and the positive-side of the battery connect to body of the human right. And if I measure Voltage, do they contain Voltage?
What will be the changes in the plates after capacitor gets charges? Whether plates will become copper ions or it will be copper? Please explain me with equation.
Good video, AARL understanding Basic Electronics 1st edition did a similar explanation than you did for capacitors. To understand circuit schematics and be able to design circuits I recommend the following. 1.AARL Understanding Basic Electronics 1st edition, 2.Art of Electronics 2nd edition, 3.youtube channel AllAmericanFiveRadio, 4. Jeff Quitneys playlist on electronics.
AllAmericanFiveRadio Of course, I have not read every unit of the navy training but the unit on circuit analysis was outstanding. Thanks for including that.
Wow, just wow. I understood things better from this video than I have understood anywhere else. Now if I could just understand farads, yeah I know it's dumb, but I need to see what do those things represent and how do they affect the circuit. If I charged a capacitor with a 9 V battery, what is in that capacitor then. If I used 12 V battery then what would be different? Just the voltage? Is the farad count just a factor of time? What is it? What is a farad? Electricity is the movement of electrons (at least I think it is) what is happening differently between a 100uF capacitor and 470uF? "Oh wow that's a 300mF capacitor!!" Yeah uh so? How do I utilize this knowledge? What difference does it make? How does the change in those values it affect the circuit? I don't know if I'm somewhat retarded or what, but I need to understand what happens on the most basic level, saying things like F= C/V just confuses me because Coulombs are defined somewhat arbitrarily (6.242×10^18 electrons/protons, I think?) I know these definitions become very useful and convenient *once they are understood*, but therein lies the problem, I can't implement them because I don't understand them. Also this is what triggers me: 1C = 1F * 1V 1F = (A*s)/V 1V = 1Ω * 1A 1A = 1 C/s Ω= s/F I'm running circles all day... Maybe I'm just too tired to get what am I missing..
Excellent demonstration - best I have ever seen about why there is current flow without any electrons flowing between the plates. Nobody else ever shows the magnetic force pushing the electrons off the positive plate.
I also want to praise your description of the inductor in another video, where you show how current induces a current in an adjacent turn of the wire, and how that works against the first current. Brilliant!
JL Software
Thanks very much JL Software.
Brilliant explanation. Spent almost an hour of my life searching and then I came across this video...legend.
Keep up the good work.
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The best explanation of capacitors I have seen!
Thank you, and your welcome.
thank you so much for this nice video, warm greetings from Australia.
Thank you, hope it helps. I have a FREE Ebook.
Password is allamericanfiveradio
ruclips.net/user/redirect?event=channel_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqa2hhVTRycWdJd1FUbTFCZWNmdGtQNlZCRmEzd3xBQ3Jtc0tuOFQ2bFhRcWdjdUdIcUREcnZFaHc0M2xURGhITVRuWDE2cGlDakdYUF9uODktNzc3TVRJTWdROUt6R3NLN2lla3hFS2lIM0RnOXR1dXFxMGx2cUNtWDhXb1Zvc2RCbGQxTThoendmN2E5R0lJdmI0Yw&q=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1HHmaWYr7UMACfmS4W5uL6PADoem2KlRp%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing
I can never watch "Too Much" on component theory of operation as you present it! Thank You!
Tony T. Thanks
Thank you so much, this is helping me with my senior final
This makes me happy. Thank you, and your welcome.
Brilliantly explained, thank you!
Simple and effective way to explain capacitors-Thank You
Jimmy Mac Thanks
thank you so much.. it removed all of my confusions.. I love this video 😍
Thank you.
Hi AllamericanFiveRadio, thanks for another fine explanation. One step further.....we have a psu with a plus and minus rail and a center zero between plus and minus. The two capacitors takes down (or reduces) the ripple after the bridge rectifier... I wondered: does (ripple) capacitors get warm inside when we draw amperes because of the so called "capacitive reactance"...best regards Kim
Thank you.
Usually capacitors get warm when there is to much voltage. Also the wrong polarity applied to electrolytic capacitors may cause them to explode.
How can current flow if the circuit is not closed??
It is a closed circuit. Power and a capacitor.
So basically a capacitor is an 'ionization' device - when fully charged, the excess of electrons on one of the plates means the atoms are negative ions (possessing an excess of electrons when compared to the uncharged capacitor).
And on the other plate, there is a relative absence of electrons, so those atoms are positive ions.
That's the DC case: when the capacitor is fully charged, negative ions on one plate, and positive ions on the other plate.
For the AC case, you are just swapping the ions back and forth at twice the frequency of the AC. I say 'twice the frequency' because each period of the AC signal has a positive 'half-cycle' (half the 360 degrees per period of the AC wave, or 180 degrees) and a negative half cycle.
So for example, in a 2 Hertz AC wave (obviously a very low frequency but just to make the point), there are 2 periods of the sine wave per second - 2 Hertz.
In the first 1/2 second, 1 Hertz - a full cycle of a sine wave - the sine wave applied to the capacitor will charge one side positive, the other side negative, and then swap the charges on the plates.
In the second 1/2 second, another 1 Hertz - a complete cycle - occurs, and again you initially charge one plate positive and the other negative for the positive half of the sine wave, then you swap the charges on the capacitor plates during the negative half cycle of the sine wave.
So in a frequency of 2Hz, the charge on each plate changed 4 times: positive then swapped to negative, then positive again then swapped to negative.
This video shows one complete AC cycle. If one of these complete AC cycle were repeated 100 time consecutively in one second, this is 100Hz.
MOSFET Push Pull Amplifier Visual Demo
ruclips.net/video/-6N7l1dnk6s/видео.html
thank you very much.I'm wondering what happens when in the alternative voltage case it approaches the maximum (3:01) and then the voltage starts to decrease what happens inside the capacitors? where the positive charge goes?
It's not where the positive charge go, it's where the electrons go. A positive charge is created when the electrons leave.
Thank you for such a quick reply. Correct me if I wrong. In this situation (a little bit after 3:01) the potential at the capacitor plate "+" is bigger than the power supply's "+", then creates the potential difference that starts to drag electrons towards the capacitor "+" and therefore create the "blue" charge which are neutral. the same happens at the minus side of capacitor.
Blue is neutral, that means the molecules has no charge. When electrons are pulled away this leaves the molecules with a positive charge. When electrons are pushed into the molecules they now become negative. Alternating current (AC) is the same thing as far as electrons, but, the polarity continuously changes from positive to negative and negative to positive. It is about the same thing as with a battery if you could keep switching the battery poles manually. AC is usually shown the way I have this video. It starts with zero Potential which is 0°, it gradually increases positively until it reaches peak positive, 90°. Then it starts to decrease in positive potential until it reaches zero again, 180°. At this point it starts to move negatively until it reaches peak negative, 270°. From there it starts moving toward zero or less negative, and when it reaches zero again it has traveled 360°. The capacitor plates follows the electron flow.
Capacitors, DC and AC Current
ruclips.net/video/NInt1Ss3vQ4/видео.html
thank you. decrease in positive potential meaning that electrons should flow from + of power supply to + capacitor to neutralize molecules, i.e already after 90°of positive potential the current changes his direction? my question is where + side takes electrons to neutralize itself as potential starts to decrease in power supply?
Thanks for this demonstration Sir.
Thank you, and your welcome!
Sir I have been benifitted a lot from your video.Would you please kindly expain why electrons flow on the right plate in the time when elctroncs are flowing form the negative side of the battery to the left plate of the Capacitor?
+Supriyo Ghatak
The only thing that we really know is, electrons (what ever they are) (something) travels in a circuit from negative to positive.
This is going to surprise you, nobody knows why. There are lots of theories about why electrons move in a circuit from negative to positive.
It is most important to keep in mind what a theory is, it is somebody's best guess. However this part has been proven that whatever it is we call electrons do apparently move from negative to positive in a circuit. I find it very interesting that no matter how many doctorates a person may have, they cannot tell you the why of anything. They can only give you a theory, which is their best guess.
+AllAmericanFiveRadio thanks a lot.Now I better make out the concept of charging and discharging of a capacitor.
What value determines how long a capacitor takes to fully charge?
It called an “RC Time Constant.” Here's some information and a calculator.
www.referencedesigner.com/rfcal/cal_05.php
Thank you for your time to make a nice video. your animation show the electrons going one direction from 0 degree to 180 degree, then going the opposite way from 180 degree to 360 degree. if the electrons reach the positive peak at 90 degree(no more electrons can charge to the right hand side plate), that means if the AC does not change the direction, how the electrons can travel back to left hand side plate from the 90 degree to 270 degree. It is confuse me and i really need your help! thank you!
Electrons do change direction at both the 90° and the 270° points in an AC sine wave.
thanks, i really understand the electrons do not change direction at both the 0° and the 180° points in an AC sine wave, but it looks like so in the sine wave. (above or below 0)
my question is, how did the current flow in the first place when the circuit was never complete?
Electron flow.
Here are a few videos that may help you understand this process.
Capacitors, DC and AC Current
ruclips.net/video/NInt1Ss3vQ4/видео.html
Capacitors, DC, AC, and Frequencies
ruclips.net/video/YfJKNSkz_Lk/видео.html
Audio Coupling Capacitor, how it Functions in a Circuit
ruclips.net/video/PAPnwX6YiIM/видео.html
what does that waveform represent - supply voltage or capacitor voltage?
I'm working on a video to explain the waveform. I think I'll call it “AC Alternating Current, for the Beginner”.
Does the flow come out as DC when the capacitor is discharged.
capacitors can only store DC
Thank you sir it was very helpful...
Thank you.
Sir if the negative-side of the battery connect to a conductor and positive side let loose; do not connect to anything, does the electron from the battery flow to the conductor? and ampere can be measured?
+Totardo Tobing
The only way current can be measured is with a current meter in series in a closed circuit. Now you can measure the voltage across the capacitor and also on across the source such as a battery.
I see both battery voltage and capacitor voltage will same after/if capacitor get charged. What if the two conductor is a two body of person do the they get charged also? Since body of human is a conductor too.
For instance, I have a 1.5 V batteries. The negative-side of the battery connect to body of human left and the positive-side of the battery connect to body of the human right. And if I measure Voltage, do they contain Voltage?
Why the current increases in negative direction from 90° to 180° in ac supply when voltage decreases in positive direction is applied to capacitor?
AC Alternating Current, for the Beginner
ruclips.net/video/xVbqMFkyuXI/видео.html
Wait so no electrons flow to the other side? Then how does the battery keep working?
The battery is the source for electrons.
ammazing explanation!!
Thanks
What will be the changes in the plates after capacitor gets charges? Whether plates will become copper ions or it will be copper? Please explain me with equation.
Look up free electrons
where i have see ? If we remove one free electron from copper, copper becomes positive and it is copper ion.
www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/electronic-structure-of-atoms
Thank you sooooooooo much ❤❤❤
Thank you, and your welcome.
Good one
Thanks and your welcome.
why the capacitor plates attract to each other
Nobody really knows WHY, just theories. And a theory is someones best guess.
I suppose because one is + and the other one is - and opposites attract?
Great job done.
Thank you, and your welcome.
Thank You, Simply explain
Thank you!!!
Your welcome!
Good video, AARL understanding Basic Electronics 1st edition did a similar explanation than you did for capacitors.
To understand circuit schematics and be able to design circuits I recommend the following.
1.AARL Understanding Basic Electronics 1st edition,
2.Art of Electronics 2nd edition,
3.youtube channel AllAmericanFiveRadio,
4. Jeff Quitneys playlist on electronics.
jewish scientist
www.richardmcwhorter.com/NavyTraining/
jewish scientist Thanks
AllAmericanFiveRadio Of course, I have not read every unit of the navy training but the unit on circuit analysis was outstanding. Thanks for including that.
Wow, just wow. I understood things better from this video than I have understood anywhere else. Now if I could just understand farads, yeah I know it's dumb, but I need to see what do those things represent and how do they affect the circuit.
If I charged a capacitor with a 9 V battery, what is in that capacitor then. If I used 12 V battery then what would be different? Just the voltage? Is the farad count just a factor of time? What is it? What is a farad? Electricity is the movement of electrons (at least I think it is) what is happening differently between a 100uF capacitor and 470uF? "Oh wow that's a 300mF capacitor!!" Yeah uh so? How do I utilize this knowledge? What difference does it make? How does the change in those values it affect the circuit?
I don't know if I'm somewhat retarded or what, but I need to understand what happens on the most basic level, saying things like F= C/V just confuses me because Coulombs are defined somewhat arbitrarily (6.242×10^18 electrons/protons, I think?)
I know these definitions become very useful and convenient *once they are understood*, but therein lies the problem, I can't implement them because I don't understand them.
Also this is what triggers me:
1C = 1F * 1V
1F = (A*s)/V
1V = 1Ω * 1A
1A = 1 C/s
Ω= s/F
I'm running circles all day... Maybe I'm just too tired to get what am I missing..
Thank you.
thank u so such☺😊☺☺☺👌👏
Thank you, and your welcome.
thank you
cool!
Goood!
Thank you, and your welcome.