KURTlikesSTUFF & join the ranks among “lesbian bondage fiasco” lol....If you’re into electronic music check out K Theory - Lesbian Bondage Fiasco. This probably makes no sense right about now but you’ll see lol. Just reminded me of it and its just dope song in general haha
Hank Green, you left out rattle snakes with defective rattles. Before humans were killing rattle snakes with shotguns, the snakes with defective rattles were uncommon, but now that humans have shotguns to kill them, the silent snakes are more common. These silent rattle snakes do shake their tails, but without producing a telltale noise, and thus are causing more snakes bites....
David Hollenshead I was Baja and saw a rattle less rattlesnake (even got a nice picture) and I wondered if it was a different species, but I guess it was just “more evolved.”
The dandelions in my front lawn have you evolved. They used to grow on long stems, which I mow down. Now the dandelions produce flowers that sit right close to the ground, lower than the blades of my lawn mower. If I stop mowing for a period of time, they still grow close to the ground and do not extend long stems up.
But dandelions are beutiful and who wants a dull, flat, sterile looking lawn anyway? ;-) Oh well. If you do and don't have the patience to wait for the dandelions to leave on their own (they will eventually), the best remedy is usually to use some fertilizer. The dandelion's competitive edge over grass is that it has very deep roots and can draw nutrients that is out of the grass' reach. It usually doesn't take much improvement of the top soil before the grass gets the upper hand and forces the dandelion to move to pastures more ... umm I mean less ... green.
And I'm leading to believe what can possible cause it. I think it was Einstein that said, "If we continue to progress, the fourth world war will be fought with stick and stones".
Day did ant evolve, you killl de ones that could ant survive de insecticide,but de ones that's strong lived. You killl de week ones, leaving own Lee de strong.
@@speltincorrectyl1844 day did ant evolve a resistant,day isle red de had a resistant. De ones that did ant survive ( lost) de resistance. That's like killl Lin every one width a peanut Al Lee G width peanut butter,but de pea pole width out de Al Lee G survive. That's knot evolution. That killl Lin de weaker genetics. De pea pole isle red de had a resistant two peanut butter.
@@speltincorrectyl1844 De week dying does ant explain where de strong came from. You're use zing recessive genes two explain de gaining of features. Isle changes inn any moles own your plan knit comes from losing features,knot gaining dim. Losing a resistants is a loss of features. Why evolutionist use losing features as proof of gaining features? That's de OP poe sit of evolution. Losing features is Slow Lee dissolving,knot evolving.
Genuine question: if plastic-eating bacteria evolves and spreads, would it be possible for plastic objects we use today to get easily rotten? Will we have to put our plastic bottles in the fridge to prevent them from decomposing?
Pretty sure there are bacteria that does that already, else there'd also be even more plastic in the ocean than there already is. There's also a moth larvae that eats plastic, hoping they become a popular pet to have in the future.
@@celinak5062 I didn't know about that! I would love to have a Poodle Moth that ate plastic. Maybe is possible to Genetically engineer something like that?
I used to live in London and since the cutbacks in air pollution in the 80's the pigeons have changed colour. They used to all be a slate grey colour to match the grey buildings but now they're a more brown colour to match the more modern and cleaner bricks.
there is a moth there, that due to pollution, has turned darker through selection. The light colored ones were easier for the birds to see so only the dark camouflaged ones flourished.
@ajspades19 you're correct that natural selection is what is being talked about... evolution is all about 'random mutations' which takes millions of years and natural selection is about the natural variation within a species which will always allow for the strongest/most adapted to survive... this rapid change discussed in the video is COMPLETELY AT ODDS with the still unproven THEORY of evolution. Evolution cant even explain how we tripled our brain capacity in the blink of an eye, along with many many other holes in the story. Most people sadly dont know that evolution and natural selection are different things... which is done on purpose by those pushing this theory.
I seen a study a while back that said leopards are evolving at an extremely fast pace to the point where it can actually be witnessed by humans, they are gradually becoming aquatic hunters and even rivaling crocs in their habitats and slowly developing webbed feet, their saying its absolutely possible for it to evolve into something similar to vaporeon from pokemon within just a few centuries
@@Mattjammar Well, that can only happen if they're exposed to a dose low enough that some don't die. A species doesn't evolve to survive something if all of them die. That's why you've never heard of any non-resistant bacteria turning resistant to chlorine. And if a break or something let's in stuff they generally flush the lines and increase the chlorine just to make sure.
An interesting example of this is in the desert southwest of the USA. People tend to kill rattlesnakes when they run across them, and that usually means they are rattling with their threat display. Because the warier rattlesnakes are killed off with more frequently, we are selecting bolder snakes what will not rattle when they feel threatened, and simply strike instead. We're making rattlesnakes more dangerous.
Turns out that the rattlesnakes that try to scare you away when threatened instead of trying to attack you when threatened are less dangerous, who would’ve guessed.
I believe spiders are evolving in cities too. They generally avoid the light. But they learned to construct their webs near the lamps on the street or outside a house, because moths and other insects are attracted to the city's lights. Moths in highly polluted areas are also grey-colored.
@@kylestanley7843 Learning? Do you think spiders pass their knowledge to the next generation, or that every individual spider needs to learn the trick by itself? Evolution is not only about physical characteristics.
I have observed rapid evolution over the course of some 40 years. Two examples. A species of clam that lives near me in Florida in the mud used to be randomly bright pink, light pink or white. A parent could have all three in the hundreds every time they reproduce. So if you were out collecting their shells you would be likely to see all three colors in equal amounts. Shell crafters, people who make decorative objects from seashells often pick brightly colored shells to harvest as opposed to planer looking shells. Shell crafting has been going on since the sailor's valentine craze of the Victorian era but it has grown to a wider scale here in Florida so much so that some county's ban harvesting live shells altogether. So due to the popularity of brightly colored shells, the crafters would harvest only the pink ones leaving the white ones to survive to reproduce. In 1979, as I said, the color demographics were more or less even. Today, you will easily find the white ones but hardly ever will you find either of the pink shades. A similar thing happened with it's distant cousin, another clam but that one comes in a huge variety of colors ranging from all white to every color of the rainbow and often many colors at once. At least that was the case again 40 years ago but today, the demographics of that clam is roughly 80% white and 20% multi colored. And like the other species, any parent can reproduce any of the colors and in fact will have a thousand offspring at a time and every color of the rainbow will be represented in one mass of eggs but mostly today you see white ones. I predict that 2nd species of clam will be 96% White in 40 years and 99% white in 120 years and in a few more centuries, all color will be bred out of both species. There is also a species of sea snail that when first discovered was up to 18" long and quite heavy. The snail would simply keep reproducing throughout it's life and just get bigger and bigger. Due to harvesting preferences being for the largest display worthy specimens, you never see this species over a foot long any more. But also this species tended to reproduce only after it reached 10 inches in length. A malacologist once told me that they simply didn't reach sexual maturity until they were 10 inches long. Prior to that any offspring would be deformed or sickly. Recently I have observed specimens as small as six inches laying eggs and when I examined some under a microscope I found they were perfectly formed. I saw one in a museum once that was 22 1/2 inches long. It was accompanied by an egg case that was 2 1/2 inches thick. The egg cases I see today are half an inch thick. It's basically the same species but now I think we could call today's version a sub species, a sort of pigmy version of their ancestors. To my knowledge no specimen of that species over 14 inches long has been seen alive since the 1970's. All this said, they are actually a very common species. I could go out into the harbor near my house at low tide and there is a 75% chance I could fill a shopping bag with them in an hour. Smaller specimens have little commercial value but the foot long or nearly foot long specimens sell for about $50 in souvenir shops.
Perfect place to mention Heikegani crabs. Japanese fishermen(crabers) noticed their shells resembled a warriors mask. Believing these critters were connected to the souls of Heike warriors who died in huge battle... they threw them back. As years (decades) passed, the more the carapace looked like the warrior mask, the more likely it was for that crab to survive and breed. By now the appearance is remarkable. Due to human interference. Relatively short time for that change.
@TransCube Idk what the fu¢k are you on about, but "a series of mutations within a population over multiple generations, that increase survivability" is literally how evolution works. At most you could argue that it's an accidental case of selective breeding, which is still one of the mechanisms that make up the evolutionary process
@@Mgl1206 i'm not from the US and i love the metric system, but i gotta say that NASA crashed a satelite on a planet because they used the metric with the imperial system and their computer miscalculated the conversion
@@michaelbuckers In deep urban areas, like NYC, they seem to be developing completely different behavioral patterns than their wild contemporaries. Although I honestly cannot remember the name of the study I am referencing.
@@pelewads Raccoons are omnivorous, intelligent, and have a reasonably long period of maternal care. Some of their behavior changes are very possibly learned.
@@matheussanthiago9685 Not fast enough. They live long enough to reproduce and feed the kiddies. So they don't often compete in senior citizen marathons. They don't care. Some primates are that way, too.
So that might mean that it's likely that the "breed often, die young" species will become more dominant in the future, since they can adapt to those rapid ecological changes more quickly?
@@mraggressivestoic8442 That depends on the environment. For the example using fish size there would not be any benefit to living longer since you're going to be fished. This means lifespans will shorten and age of maturity will come earlier. This can happen in a lot of predator/prey systems and is prominent in environments with seasonal predation like with salmon.
@@abebuckingham8198 except for the larger a fish is, the more babies it can make. I bred guppies for years and the females that had babies as soon as they could would have 5 to 7 and the big mature females had like 20
@@abebuckingham8198 googled it, up to 60 at a time. So that's 10 times the amount of young, if they have a survival rate of 11% or higher, it gives longevity an advantage
@@mraggressivestoic8442 Right, but if there are no big mature females it's not relevant. You have to kill all the big fish when they get big. This is artificial selection at work and they're choosing older bigger fish to die. There is nothing natural about this process.
I heard that dandelions in urban areas are developing seeds that just fall to the ground rather than flying away, in order to make use of tiny, isolated patches of soil.
Oh boy, even more dandelions. The fields outside my apartment complex are constantly flooded with dandelions, and tons of seeds end up in the air, which although cool, I'm told that's bad. The people who own the complex are actively trying to get rid of the dandelions.
Obviously, this is just one person's observation and my subjective interpretation of it, but when I started driving here in the UK in the 1970s it was really common to hit a rabbit on the road. They'd just run out in front of you, particularly at night. Folklore stated that they were attracted by the headlights. Now, forty five years later, this very rarely happens; you often see rabbits on the verge, but they almost never run out any more. It has occurred to me that rabbits with a behavioural tendency to run out into traffic may have gradually died out (by being hit by cars), leaving survivors that don't have this tendency. Of course, this would require behaviours as well as physical attributes to be passed on genetically, but it's just a thought.
Behaviors are a valid criteria to species!! It is passed not genetically but by learning. For example, singing birds song are very different from region to region!!
Amandine Ylan it can be both genetically passed or by teaching like in crows as the comment above me says, thought genetically is more common because not all animals are as smart as dolphins or crows and even then there are different ways to learn shown by octopuses and jumping spiders
Or they're smarter then you think and seeing their buddy ralph get squished into a pancake maybe gave them a clue. Rabbit: hey sam did you hear what happened to ralph Rabbit sam: ya dude stay off that black stuff thats where the big guys hang out. They don't even eat you just squish. Tada evolution
It's truly crazy that a bird can evolve shorter wings to maneuver better for avoiding cars and feeding but a DAMN deer can't evolve better vision or hearing to get hit by cars!
I think the speed of evolution is relative to the likelihood of the animal with the weak traits being killed off. Deers exist in huge numbers and only rarely do a few adventurous or young individuals have a run in with a car, so it's not a big enough factor to influence evolution. Deer also benefit from the fact that human drivers have evolved new driving habits to avoid hitting deer, so their cars won't get totalled. It's a two way street!
The speed of evolution depends largely on how much time it takes to a species to reproduce, these birds can reproduce much faster than deers, so there's that
Getting hit by a car isn't a large enough population pressure to cause evolution in deer. There's a much larger population compared to the rate of death from getting hit.
@@shawnjavery Deer populations have grown pretty dramatically in the Midwest since the Europeans arrived. Today there are way more deer in Illinois than a few centuries ago. Why? (1) Cleared farmlands in former woodlands provide a better habitat for the deer, who prefer a forest edge over deep forest or pure prairie; (2) grain farmlands provide lots of food; (3) humans have basically killed off the natural predators, such as wolves.
Actually they are. Years ago alot of deers got hit by cars here. Since 1960's. But now... i never hear about a deer getting hit. And i see those deers still in the field standing there. They just do not cross the road anymore. :) Deers evolved and learned that cars are dangerous.
I've lived by a bridge loaded with their nests my entire life & I've never seen a single cliff swallow roadkill. it's near impossible to hit one with a vehicle even if you were trying to. The advancements of evolution came from the actual structures providing them with perfect bases to build their nest and thus thrive
That is happening right now in my house, a species of butterfly learned that its best for them to make cocoons under my roof to avoid rain, first it was one or two, now they are literally in every wall... I guess i got myself infinite pets...
I had (and still have to a small degree) a population of cellar spiders in my home that evolved to be bigger and to move a lot slower (maybe to conserve energy). They became quite the spider hunters and I left them alone mostly because they do an excellent job keeping other spiders away. Since they began showing changes, I haven't seen any other web-making spiders in my home. Of course, these new cellar spiders seem to totally ignore pretty much anything but other spiders. They will eat their own without issue. I do think they might be on the verge of collapse because the past few years I have seen very very few of them compared to just five years ago. I see one every so often, but I think their numbers are now too small to sustain themselves and they will probably go extinct in my home.
@@diegomarxweiller1814 Cellar spiders are pretty much harmless. I started "experimenting" with them about ten years ago when I moved into a house that had them everywhere. When I moved to where I am now, there were some hanging around so I continued observation with the occasional experiment.
Another rather famous example of this is the Peppered Moth also referred to as Darwin's moth. A Peppered Moth is typically white with small black and gray spots which help them camouflage against the pale bark of the trees they live on. Although there was a melanistic version, it was rather rare because it was more easily spotted by predators thus not surviving to pass on it's genes. During the industrial revolution the tree bark in cities was stained black from pollution. This caused the melanistic form of the moth to thrive in cities while the white form declined. That trend continued until the mid 20th century when clean air laws put an end to the pollution and within a few generations the melanistic moths began to decline and the white colored Pepper Moth returned.
Except that it wasn't a case of evolution, just like these insects. There are both white and black pepper moths, and they both have identical DNA. they were both in existence before the industrial revolution, and they are both in existence now, and their DNA has not changed. This is a perfect example of adaptation, not evolution.
As long as there is something that is flowing (water) there should be life, and I said it right, Saturn's moon Titan might have a liquid methane supported life form just because methane is "liquid" and "flowing" complete opposite of Earth's life
Re. the cliff swallows with shorter wings being more manouvreable; that's exactly the reason that later versions of the Supermarine Spitfire had their wings 'clipped' in WWII - i.e., the wings had the outer tips removed. The clipped wings increased their rate of roll, enabling them to go from straight and level flight into sharp turns significantly faster, and it also improved their speed at low altitudes.
Coyotes! Do one about coyotes! They've taken over America since wolves were driven out and there are so many of them they live in CITIES. They have coyotes in NYC!!!
Foxes too, you don't see them often but I've seen breeding pairs in a suburb of 35,000 in a total metropolitan area holding over 1 million. It was still inner suburb though my state had plenty of parks so we have deer too haha.
I saw a coyote right outside my retirement complex in suburban Boston, by the tracks. They haven't attacked anyone yet, but we're all ready with our cameras if they do.
"They're fast. They're hard. They're cars." This line caught me off guard for some reason and I began to dissociate. I think internally I thought it was funny but because I've been in quarantine for almost 2 months, I no longer express normal reactions to emotional stimuli.
Very interesting, thanks. However the Cliff Swallows story raises some questions for me.. longer wings will have higher metabolic costs to grow as well which would also make short wings a useful adaptation for survival. This isn't a contradiction to the idea that increased manouvreability might help cliff swallows escape from car accidents or catch insects better when they are in low availability but as with any evolutionary question there are a variety of factors that can be operating.
I don't know what's worse, the creationist people arguing that adaptation is not evolution or the people that don't get that in this context "climate change" doesn't literally mean "when the climate changes"
Another interesting rapid evolution example is the Australian cane toad. It was introduced as a natural predator for the cane beetle and has become one of the most destructive pest species in the country as has spread all the way from the East coast to Darwin in the North/West. This is a REALLY long way and involves travelling through a number of diverse environments. This has led to physical changed in the species. The cane toad populations that are found further West display features that would be beneficial in travelling the large distances required to reach a new habitat before it becomes saturated with members of their own species. They are significantly larger than the parent species and also have comparatively longer legs. Basically, this invading species has adapted traits that serve well for the vanguard simply reaching a new destination first and dominating the region before the smaller and shorter legged competitors arrive. Additionally, native species that live in areas which have become inhabited by cane toads have also evolved to accommodate their presence. The Australian Red-Bellied Black Snake has evolved a smaller head because those with large enough jaws to ingest a poisonous adult toad died very quickly after doing so. Also, several species of Australian bird have developed a preference for flipping toads onto their backs and eating the non-poisonous parts of the toad. While this was initially believe to be a learned behavior, birds that are raised in captivity and never see other birds doing this do now seem to instinctively go for the underside of toads when encountering them for the first time.
Could you imagine the capability to distill knowledge, and just inject it into someone? That would come with banes and boons, of course But maybe we could transfer whole skill sets No industry or art or knowledge would have to go extinct If you'd like a story with something similar, check out Children of Time
@@BlueRidgeBubble Sounds like a good fantasy book. Here’s one. The Bowl of Souls. Trevor H Cooley. It’s just a young teen series but his imagination for newish magic is brilliant. A fun read.
@@magsmcgarrigle981 I'll have to check it out Children of Time is actually sci fi It's an uplift project gone wrong And little portia spiders get uplifted instead of chimpanzees I won't spoil it too much So good
@@thegreatestturtieever7801 the comment I’m replying to fails to express that both of these things are evolving. It says humans are only existing, but animals are evolving. Human behavior is changing and development is spreading, so animals are adapting to new habitats and against new threats. Humans aren’t doing the same thing they’ve been doing forever. Humans are the ones initializing the change in their environment, and the animals are following that change. Humans are evolving, causing animals to have to evolve and adapt. It’s an oversimplification from the person I replied to not understanding fully what they’re saying.
The thing about sea microbes is interesting. About 10 years ago when I first started going to school for biology, I got into the DIY bio scene and was discussing possible avenues for research with one of my professors. I mentioned plastics in the ocean and the utility that a microbe that could eat them could have, and her response was, paraphrased "That probably isn't a productive avenue for research. Developing a novel trait like that isn't really something we can do very easily, but nature will probably deal with this particular problem on its own soon enough. Bacteria are always finding new metabolic pathways and I doubt they will take long to find a way to exploit this new carbon source that has suddenly shown up in such massive quantities." It's interesting to see her hypothesis panning out only a decade later.
You forgot another very distinct evolutionary pathway for mosquitoes. Urban mosquitoes are very different from their “wild” counterpart (people who went into forests know what I’m talking about). Through selective breeding, we created a new species of mosquitoes. They are smaller, more agile and more careful. They come out only when it gets darker. once the light goes off, they try to remain still, preferably on a darker surface. Also, they come out to fly maximum 1-2 individuals at a time; Even though, there could be 10 more hiding in the shadows.
9:00 considering that microbes can go like “Yo bro! CHECK THIS MY DNA OUT! It let me get energy from plastic! Wanna try it?” I have a strong sense they evolved in 70 years
It took the entire span of the Carboniferous period (60 million years) for something to evolve that could break down and digest wood. The fact that we've already seen organisms able to break down plastic is incredible
@@dimetrodon2250 the biochemical mechanism for breaking down wood maybe is more complicated than breaking plastic? I mean, depends how many genes have to change to, by chance, a specimen develop the capacity to eat a new substrate. To each additional necessary change, the time to evolve that trait would be exponentially higher. Maybe those plastic eaters bacteria already had a diet close enough so wouldn't be that long.
I remember hearing about white moths who survived on white trees dying off and being replaced by black moths once those white trees were covered with soot during the industrial revolution. Now that’s quick evolution!
This happens to bears in arctic areas too. If you have a brown bear in a temperate area that starts to see a lot of snow, it will be highly visible and struggle to hunt, whereas it's white cousins would suddenly have an advantage. This works both ways, with white bears struggling to hunt in areas that see less snow than in the past and their rarer brown offspring having an immediate advantage.
That's industrial melanism. They didn't "die off", the ratio between melanistic and non-melanistic moths changed. They're the same species. Now whether the overall number of moths was affected, I can't tell you. Btw, since the soot isn't a huge problem anymore, the white moths dominate again.
There's some kind of invasive species of gecko where I live in Florida. They used to all be light very light colored but now many of them have dark brown stripes on their back. Happened quick over only 20 years.
"They're fast, they're hard, they're cars" "Fishes? Well done👍" "Its bad enough when you're underground trying to not get exploded without getting covered by blood! Sucking! bugs!" Ah, dont ever change Hank ❤😭
Everyone always wants to blame humanity for the actions of the frw but nobody wants to blame all "answered any animal name" for a few of there kind killing many humans.
@@boundedscythe7726 Humans kill more sharks than sharks kill humans. 6 human deaths (because of sharks) vs. 100,000,000 shark deaths (because of humans): Who's worse now, you fool? What do you and the month July have in common? You have no class.
HANK, I have an excellent candidate for a follow up to this: the Hawaiian rock wallaby. This species evolved from a single, sibling pair of Aussie rock wallabies, who escaped captivity in the 1940s, due to a tropical storm. Since their original habitat was so severe, and their dietary needs so extreme, it was at first assumed they'd have died off quickly. Nope. This sibling pair had lots of babies, who mated with each other, etc., until they were discovered in the 1990s, with differences in size, colour, diet, and most importantly, genital arrangement and chromosome structure, making them unable to mate with the species they came from. Unlike feral pigs, which destroyed many natural habitats, these wallabies ended up fitting in, and even help disperse seeds of various of their new food sources via their feces. As for this video, I love it. I have often wondered if animals were evolving to adapt to cars existing, especially every spring, when animals end up dead all over our roads. I hate that it takes the slower, dumber ones dying to help their species evolve.
That's really cool and interesting! But I'm curious given the small population and the origins of their ancestry being a pair of siblings, how do the wallabies deal with the issues of inbreeding and lack of genetic diversity?
@@VentSaviour I don't know for sure, but I guess that they had lots of babies and the weak ones died off. Even so, they likley have limited genetic diversity, and may be one disaster away from extinction, like the butterfly mentioned in the video. And of the plants they are helping have come to rely on them, then maybe they will goextinct too.
@@ItsMeChillTyme Because humans are the only species that can actively and timely bring nature out of equilibrium (unlike for example a super-predator emptying the seas over the course of millions of years)
@@slyseal2091 That does not make any sense. We're just another element that puts selective pressure on the environment. That does not make us separate from nature/Earth.
I thought for sure you were going to mention rattlesnakes who evolved to not have a rattle due to human hearing-based hunting in Texas. These snakes survive humans, and cannot warn large animals to their presence to protect themselves. It’s wild!
There is a beautiful fluorescent green rattlesnake that way back was becoming very rare because it did not rattle so of course every cowboy who bumped into one immediately shot it! Where as most people familiar with the natural wonders of this marvelous home we find ourselves living on as it hurdles through the black of space at over a million miles an hour saving us all from so many unforeseen deadly things the only logical god anyone should be worshipping to … oh forget it the snake been around for ever IDK why but there’s plenty of other deadly snakes that don’t have rattles! Human hearing, really? How about all the poisoned rodents that killed so many birds?
Another one is the cane toad. Introduced in Australia it keeps spreading across the country. The toads long legs that walk the furthest mate with other toads with long legs and so they get longer legs the further they spread across the country.
There's SO many linked to cane toads! Red belly black snakes for example in cane toad areas have much smaller mouths, due to large mouth snakes eating bigger toads & dying from the poison, while the snakes with smaller mouths can't eat a toad big enough to poison them to death
Fun Fact: When the existence of high speed evolution was first proposed, the old guard labelled this heretical idea "Evolution by Jerks". The adherents of the new idea countered by labeling the status quo "Evolution by Creeps".
There was a simar story with regard to crystalline structures in material science and the thought that infinite sums could have finite answers in mathematics. All of these sound vaguely like the rise of "ok Boomer" in response to those who are stubbornly hold onto outdated ideas. I guess scientists, mathematicians, and other experts are just as human as the rest of us.
I travel a lot by road here in Australia. Kangaroos seem to be particularly prone to road traffic. They are active generally from dusk to dawn and tend not to move away from approaching cars or trucks - they are likely to stare stupidly into the headlights until it's too late. I've often wondered if there is a measurable change in behaviour for kangaroo populations now compared to, say, the 1950's when road traffic started to really ramp up. With a kangaroo "generation" being around 6-8 years, that's about 10 generations since the 50's. You would think that evolution would favour more road wary individuals. My experience suggests not - there are still a LOT of kangaroos being naturally de-selected... But I'd be interested to learn if anyone has formally studied this.
Didn't areas of Australia add over/under passes specifically to allow wildlife a path to safely cross the road? Have the wildlife shown adaption to these shortcuts? When I became aware of these wildlife safe routes, they were shown at busy express routes, not suburban streets where I would expect more of the roadkills to take place. Please make a recommendation to SciShow.
Just to put this in perspective, last year when traveling on the Eyre Highway from Ceduna to Norseman (about 1200Km), I did an informal and highly unscientific count of carcasses along the way. Doing a count over 5Km or so at various spots and then averaging and extrapolating. My estimate was 10,000 carcasses over that 1200Km stretch of road. Australia has about 800,000Km of roads. If we take a stab at 25% of those being outback major roads, we're looking at about 2 Million carcasses at any one time. Which doesn't account for how many over any given period of time. Australia's kangaroo population is around the 50 Million mark. If anyone has better information, please feel free to correct this.
I wonder if birds in cities or other noisy places have evolved for their calls to be heard amidst the din of the city by other birds over longer distances. I remember sitting at a traffic light once in a noisy city and being able to hear a robin call very loud above all the other noise.
They probably exist a long time but in the 60s various bugs were found that enjoyed eating Jet fuel. Petroleum is a natural product and comes to the surface all by itself. Somehow, most of it is eventually consumed by bacteria like critters.
If the snakes can shed off the metal accumulation, we could research in breeding the high-melanin aquatic snakes that withstand high metal concentrations, then process the shed skin to have metal recovery or refining.
@@jjrusy7438 As far as I know this is already under investigation. First to bind unwanted elements, but I'm sure they think about harvesting some elements in the process too. Might be interesting for elements that are highly diluted and hard to get. But I would not put too high hopes in that.
jj rusy only problem there is the containment, it’s probably much harder to collect from large areas populated with those bacteria, so we’d have to keep it in controlled situations otherwise we just have bacteria collecting and then releasing all our good resources and letting the stuff hurt other creatures unnecessarily.
Interesting aspects to think about, the possibility is there: Swallows living under overpasses could have slightly stunted growth due to the reduced air quality of their new home. With the larger fish being harvested, it's the smaller fish that are passing on their genes, thus promoting that evolutionary change like a form of selective breeding. Tuskless elephants, re-enforcing the unintended selective breeding as with the fish.
I remember reading in my biology text in High School, back in the 70s, about a species of of moth in England that was various shades of gray; specimens collected at the beginning of the 1800s, when compared to specimens collected at the beginning of the 1900s, showed a noticeable difference - the earlier ones had a noticeably greater amount of lighter gray as compared to the latter ones, which were noticeably darker. The naturalists noticed that the moths, which spent significant time perching on tree-trunks, were harder to see on the trunks, as the tree-trunks were, in many areas, darker due to soot from large numbers of nearby furnaces. This made it harder for birds that preyed on them, to spot them. So the species had originally been a lighter gray, as that made it harder to spotted by the predacious birds, but selective pressure had previously mitigated against the darker ones, as standing out on the lighter (earlier) tree-barks.
The adaptation this video describes has a name, EPIGENETICS, an inbuilt system in all living organisms that governs gene expression. It is today known that even the changes in the beak size and form of the famous Galapagos Finches are not evolutionary changes in the traditional sense, but due to rapid epigenetic adaptation. These adaptive changes are also reversible. The video does refer to “adaptation” several times, but mixes it up with “evolution”, which is a completely different concept. Nor are the black and white mots and example of evolution, maybe not even of epigenetic changes, it is more probably, both variants existed already, the industrial sooth in England gave just the black ones an advantage. These days the white moths are back.
It was proven many decades ago that the guy that took those pictures staged them with dead moths he brought with him to prove divergent Natural Selection
We still have to learn about those moths in school today lol, the ones with the grey mutation have once again become the most prevalent due to less pollution in Britain/darkening of tree bark.
@Alexander MacGowan The video is a good example of how the Neo-Darwinian community tries to save the theory. Now they have given adaptation a for them more correct name, “rapid evolution”. Not so long ago speaking of adaptation or micro evolution made you to an “ignorant creationist”. What happened with the formula “mutations-TIME-natural selection”?
People who take care of feral cats have found evidence of what's called "a biological vacuum" response. If feral cat colonies are killed off, well, a few always escape. Then the females start having litters in shorter stretches of time, and larger litters, which fills the "vacuum". It's one of the ideas behind the "trap, neuter, return" campaign. Colonies that SLOWLY decline in size do not suffer from a vacuum and the remaining fertile females continue having normal litters. Now, the problem becomes colonies increasing or retaining their size because more humans who DON"T speuter their cats continue to dump unwanted kittens. Google "Tiny Kittens", they specialize in helping ferals, and look up '"Alley Cat Allies".
@@davidhollenshead4892 The good point of the zebra mussles is that they are such efficient filtration species, water comes out really clean. They even suck up poisonous metals. The bad part is the water is not only clean of pollutants but they eat all the other algea etc. other species need to survive. And the mussles reproduce so fast they clog up anywhere the start to accumulate, and their "babies" are too small to be filtered out of the water ... if we could only somehow slow down their reproduction they'd be wonderful pollutant controls.
Me again. Foxes are being domesticated. It's taken about 90 generations but it's happening. A project was started by Stalin to see if uh, goodness, his version of "goodness = submissiveness" could be bred.
Ever heard the saying "exception from the rule"? And all changes shown in the video were gradual (even with the elephants) and minor compared to the complexity of the organisms involved; the only really interesting (and rarely directly observed by us) thing was the speciation of the mosquitoes - but they are still mosquitoes, so the overall change was minute (just the first step of speciation).
@@TehFrop it wasnt taken down it was uploaded & put into public viewing at the wrong time. It was promptly put into private viewing after the error was caught. Usually studios like this have a semi-strict schedule to maximise views & thereby maximise revenue from each upload. I'm making it sound as if SciShow is purely profit focused, but that's not my intention, this is just how YT works as market with videos in perfect competition with one another.
I learned relatively recently that opossums don’t play possum anymore because the ones that did ended up roadkill. Most of the surviving opossums now no longer do this because it was detrimental to survival.
They never did. It's a myth that possums play dead. What's actually ñ aka _thanatosis._ This happens so that if they ARE eaten, at least they won't feel it.
I'm fairly convinced that wild animals see motorized vehicles as giant insects; that follow each other on paths, and never really chase them so are not afraid of them.
I’ve heard of a situation in TX where rattlesnakes have evolved to rattle less b/c the ones that rattle tend to get killed. Some have hypothesized that it’s due to selection. Also dogs have evolved relatively quickly too. They have lots of variation as well. I saw a documentary on it. I think there are genetic reasons, deliberate human breeding choices, and then they also have litters so you have a wider batch to select from on every generation. Interesting stuff.
Man those turn-headed sea snakes would make a great regional variant of Ekans. Ekans already has dark and light stripes normally, and it is a Poison type. So a solid black one that is Steel/Poison with the ability Shed Skin. I mean Game Freak already did the dead bleached coral ghost Cursola.
The elephant example is actually a little scary since, as described, it means that population went through a very restrictive bottleneck which could have reduced genetic diversity. To the extent that the no-tusk trait is not random, the population could have lost alleles for other unrelated traits that by chance did not make it past the bottleneck. So in addition to not having tusks to forage, they may be less resilient to the next stressor that comes long. Now we come full circle to the caterpillar example.
well to be honest ,,,, even when we remove human interactions elephants and rhinos ,,,,didnt do well evolution wise they had a lot of species around the globe ,,,,where pretty common but even before the last ice age they died out on almost all continents and where they survived most spec went extinct keeping just a few left so def not really an genre who was menat to stick along sure it would be sad if theyr finaly gone but looking at the other creatures who went extinct even humans werent a thing back then not every creature is here to stay forever Hyenadons ,,Entelodons ,,, Terro birds ,,Saber tooths ,,,, they all did wel lat one point ,,,then get less and less diverse over theyr evolution and at the end went extinct
They should’ve had a high and a low cut off for fish length so that fishing exerts divergent evolutionary pressure (i.e. two viable ecological niches, being “too small” or “too big”). As those two groups don’t have any actual mating barriers, they would intermingle to create more medium fish than can be fished. By only exerting evolutionary pressure to be smaller to increase fitness, we’re just making the fish smaller and smaller
Water Under The Bridge Gillnets only allow a narrow size range of fish to be harvested. Smaller fish can get through the webbing; while much larger fish do not become entangled (“gilled”) easily. We use such nets to regulate our harvest of salmon and other fish, to keep the harvest sustainable, here in Alaska.
Nice to hear that there’s actual thought put behind some fishing operations :D Seems like a big chunk of the world probably hasn’t though, otherwise they wouldn’t have discussed that topic in the video
most places that offer sport fishing have "slot limits" where you're not allowed to take fish that don't fit the slot. (Basically, they're too big or too small.) And they don't screw around with the penalties - potentially hundreds of dollars per fish.
@@waterunderthebridge7950 They don't necessarily do that to protect the fish though. It is expensive to transport, clean them, remove the guts, and package the fish. You don't want to do that with small fish which has not as much valuable meat on it.
I really hope we solve the environment crises and can build a better world, but it's also comforting to know that the planet has a solid chance of getting along without us if we don't fix it
A great study done by Peter and Rosemary Grant was documented in the book "The Beak of the Finch" by Jonathan Weiner. The scientists followed the change of the finches beaks during a period of drought. The foods available to them were a selective pressure on beak size. People that don't believe evolution need to read more!
The adaptation this video describes has a name, EPIGENETICS, an inbuilt system in all living organisms that governs gene expression. It is today known that even the changes in the beak size and form of the famous Galapagos Finches are not evolutionary changes in the traditional sense, but due to rapid epigenetic adaptation. These adaptive changes are also reversible. The video does refer to “adaptation” several times, but mixes it up with “evolution”, which is a completely different concept.
where I live, a decade ago it was extremely common in the spring for sparrows to make nests on roof tiles. Now I haven't seen a nest like this in 3 years or so. What happens is, I live in a poor area and most houses have cheap roof tiles that don't insulate heat at all, but help during harsh winters and are hail-resistant enough. Its undulated shape makes easy nesting places for sparrows and they used to build nests there in the spring, but when summer arrived the tiles would get extremely hot and would cook the chicks until they jumped off too early and got eaten by dogs. That probably gave the sparrows that avoided roofs for nesting an advantage and now all of them make their nests in places like trees. Also, in a town 4 hours away from here the sparrows have way more contrasting patterns while the ones here have more grayish, muted colors. That town is way less urbanized than here, so my guess is: more humans = more cats = more predation = more need for camouflage rather than attracting mates Theres a lot of other physical and behavioral changes on birds here as the years pass, but I haven't quite figured out all of them yet.
I might add Cheetahs as an example of this at least in three behavioral sense. Cheetahs have been shown to be adapting into pack animals as opposed to solitary feline hunters in real time. I'm not sure of this is the same kind of hyper speed evolution you were talking about in this video but I think it is the coolest example.
octopus too - which has SERIOUS potential to lead to further evolution, since octopus are largely held back my solitary life, after their parents dying to give birth to them & so being unable to pass on any learned knowledge, each generation having a reset - until humans cause them to create "octopus cities" where they can learn from other octopus :)
Lilac Lizard octopi are extremely vulnerable to brain damage because of their lack of a skull. Squid have a donut shaped brain that actually has its esophagus run through the middle and can give themselves brain damage if they try to swallow something too large. These are a couple of the reasons that hold them back from becoming more intellectually advanced.
@@jakeapplegate6642 octopus also have multiple networked brains, one in each tentacle & the ability to regrow tentacles & brains in them & we don't yet understand exactly what information is relayed between these brains & in what way, so even if they were prone to brain damage (which is highly questionable) that certainly doesn't indicate a likely obstruction to intellectual advancement, I mean humans have a tendency to get bruising or swelling in their brain that leads to brain damage due to the hard skull crushing the brain when it happens, along with a tendency to desire sports like football that are of high risk in causing thee concussions. octopus avoid all these issues with their lack of skull & also avoid limits on potential brain size
I remember learning about the evolution of the melanistic peppered moth as a response to the industrial revolution, which took place over decades, when I was at school (many, many years ago!) Once the various clean air acts were passed it began to return to the original colour.
The peppered moth story given by past evolutionists is a proven hoax, just like so many other stories that have been concocted to push the evolution myth... like Haeckel's embryos, the Tasaday Tribe, Piltdown Man, Nebraska Man, etc..
Its definitely cool how rapidly a species can evolve, however i thought you might use the birds on the galapagos islands as a reference and how noticeably their beaks changed
I swear there was a kind of white moth that liked to land on white trees. When a factory was built nearby and soot began covering the trees, more and more black individuals began appearing until they were dominant. This is either real, or me remembering a GCSE science example.
You're probably thinking of the peppered moth, Biston betularia. It was probably the first case of evolution that was studied as it happened, which is why it became so famous and extensively used in biology textbooks. (*Over*-used, in my opinion.) It's not a unique case, though. The phenomenon is known as industrial melanism, and has been studied in various species. In some cases we even know which specific genes were involved in the color change.
Yeah I could almost hear someone screaming in the background when I got the notification. "OMG you just released next weeks show. Make it private, MAKE IT PRIVATE!"
Oh Hank i love your channel but my adhd makes if very hard to keep up with ur speedy docs i wish u guys could do slower paced single subjects/species at a time
London Underground mosquitoes sounds like an indie band
KURTlikesSTUFF & join the ranks among “lesbian bondage fiasco” lol....If you’re into electronic music check out K Theory - Lesbian Bondage Fiasco. This probably makes no sense right about now but you’ll see lol. Just reminded me of it and its just dope song in general haha
Yesss
UnLondon mosquitos
So does Turtle Headed Sea Snakes
Heavy metal turtle-heads
Hank Green, you left out rattle snakes with defective rattles. Before humans were killing rattle snakes with shotguns, the snakes with defective rattles were uncommon, but now that humans have shotguns to kill them, the silent snakes are more common. These silent rattle snakes do shake their tails, but without producing a telltale noise, and thus are causing more snakes bites....
David Hollenshead I was Baja and saw a rattle less rattlesnake (even got a nice picture) and I wondered if it was a different species, but I guess it was just “more evolved.”
and less snake deaths... probably.
Nope. Biological pressure
Moral of the story: Kill the quiet ones!
@@Jayremy89 violence first policy creates more problems is what that means,
The dandelions in my front lawn have you evolved. They used to grow on long stems, which I mow down. Now the dandelions produce flowers that sit right close to the ground, lower than the blades of my lawn mower. If I stop mowing for a period of time, they still grow close to the ground and do not extend long stems up.
I noticed the same thing happened in my yard too.
The ones in my yard bend under and eventually spring back up.
@@aquasky1138 Wait, like they can hear the lawn mower coming and duck?😳
@@okboomer6201 Nah, the front bends them down, they go under the blades unharmed, and spring back.
But dandelions are beutiful and who wants a dull, flat, sterile looking lawn anyway? ;-)
Oh well. If you do and don't have the patience to wait for the dandelions to leave on their own (they will eventually), the best remedy is usually to use some fertilizer. The dandelion's competitive edge over grass is that it has very deep roots and can draw nutrients that is out of the grass' reach. It usually doesn't take much improvement of the top soil before the grass gets the upper hand and forces the dandelion to move to pastures more ... umm I mean less ... green.
As Carlin once said "The planet is fine, it's us that might be screwed. The planet will be here long after we're gone." I tend to agree with him.
And I'm leading to believe what can possible cause it. I think it was Einstein that said, "If we continue to progress, the fourth world war will be fought with stick and stones".
There will not be a planet when we are done.
@@Voreoptera Why not? Life on a planet is extremely rare in the universe.
@@dcarbs2979 Lmfao... have you explored the whole universe? That's cool.
@@dcarbs2979 Humans will destroy the planet to a level where life will no longer be possible anywhere.
I used to work in pest control. The speed with which insects evolved to become resistant to insecticides was legendary.
Day did ant evolve, you killl de ones that could ant survive de insecticide,but de ones that's strong lived. You killl de week ones, leaving own Lee de strong.
That is evolution.
@@speltincorrectyl1844 day did ant evolve a resistant,day isle red de had a resistant. De ones that did ant survive ( lost) de resistance.
That's like killl Lin every one width a peanut Al Lee G width peanut butter,but de pea pole width out de Al Lee G survive. That's knot evolution. That killl Lin de weaker genetics. De pea pole isle red de had a resistant two peanut butter.
@@iwkaoy8758 You are describing the process of evolution.
@@speltincorrectyl1844 De week dying does ant explain where de strong came from. You're use zing recessive genes two explain de gaining of features. Isle changes inn any moles own your plan knit comes from losing features,knot gaining dim. Losing a resistants is a loss of features.
Why evolutionist use losing features as proof of gaining features? That's de OP poe sit of evolution. Losing features is Slow Lee dissolving,knot evolving.
Genuine question: if plastic-eating bacteria evolves and spreads, would it be possible for plastic objects we use today to get easily rotten? Will we have to put our plastic bottles in the fridge to prevent them from decomposing?
At least plastic will become more eco-friendly with the bacteria eating it.
@Connor Levers Yes, I guess you are right. We even have all sort of stuff made of wood and it usually lasts centuries.
Pretty sure there are bacteria that does that already, else there'd also be even more plastic in the ocean than there already is.
There's also a moth larvae that eats plastic, hoping they become a popular pet to have in the future.
@@celinak5062 I didn't know about that! I would love to have a Poodle Moth that ate plastic. Maybe is possible to Genetically engineer something like that?
Plot twist.. the bacteria releases large quantities of methane as waste product.
I used to live in London and since the cutbacks in air pollution in the 80's the pigeons have changed colour. They used to all be a slate grey colour to match the grey buildings but now they're a more brown colour to match the more modern and cleaner bricks.
James Harmer thats not evolution, that’s health
Sam in my city there are greyish pigeons despite there the pollution is extremely low , so...
there is a moth there, that due to pollution, has turned darker through selection. The light colored ones were easier for the birds to see so only the dark camouflaged ones flourished.
Sam no the birds have evolved to blend in with the cleaner brown bricks to avoid predators
@ajspades19 you're correct that natural selection is what is being talked about... evolution is all about 'random mutations' which takes millions of years and natural selection is about the natural variation within a species which will always allow for the strongest/most adapted to survive... this rapid change discussed in the video is COMPLETELY AT ODDS with the still unproven THEORY of evolution. Evolution cant even explain how we tripled our brain capacity in the blink of an eye, along with many many other holes in the story.
Most people sadly dont know that evolution and natural selection are different things... which is done on purpose by those pushing this theory.
I seen a study a while back that said leopards are evolving at an extremely fast pace to the point where it can actually be witnessed by humans, they are gradually becoming aquatic hunters and even rivaling crocs in their habitats and slowly developing webbed feet, their saying its absolutely possible for it to evolve into something similar to vaporeon from pokemon within just a few centuries
I believe that may have been a dank dream, homie.
@@Lex-br4wx Let the man dream! After all, Vaporeon is the most compatible Pokemon...
@@TheOldSchoolCrisis Dunno if this is true but I want to dream too
Hey guys, did you know that in ter...
Oh God not vaporeon
Plastic microbes can be scary if you think about how many pipes are made of plastic now
Not with chlorine being added to water in municipal systems.
@@lordgarion514 until they evolve to withstand chlorine.
At least they haven't made it to copper and steel yet.
But real talk, aren't they just disintegrating into micro plastics?
@@Mattjammar
Well, that can only happen if they're exposed to a dose low enough that some don't die.
A species doesn't evolve to survive something if all of them die.
That's why you've never heard of any non-resistant bacteria turning resistant to chlorine.
And if a break or something let's in stuff they generally flush the lines and increase the chlorine just to make sure.
An interesting example of this is in the desert southwest of the USA. People tend to kill rattlesnakes when they run across them, and that usually means they are rattling with their threat display. Because the warier rattlesnakes are killed off with more frequently, we are selecting bolder snakes what will not rattle when they feel threatened, and simply strike instead. We're making rattlesnakes more dangerous.
Snakes with smaller or effectively no rattles are much more common now.
Turns out that the rattlesnakes that try to scare you away when threatened instead of trying to attack you when threatened are less dangerous, who would’ve guessed.
@@samkeiser9776 yeah it's like that saying ''barking dog doesn't bite' or something
@@animezia It's "Barking dogs seldom bite"
Not to mention, if we spot them and kill them, we eliminate those with worse camo
I believe spiders are evolving in cities too. They generally avoid the light. But they learned to construct their webs near the lamps on the street or outside a house, because moths and other insects are attracted to the city's lights. Moths in highly polluted areas are also grey-colored.
You're joking write?
Psyhical changes are evolution too
The greying moths are a good example of evolution, but I don't think the spiders are. That's just learning, my friend, not evolution.
@@kylestanley7843 Learning? Do you think spiders pass their knowledge to the next generation, or that every individual spider needs to learn the trick by itself?
Evolution is not only about physical characteristics.
I just realized that tonight! I was walking around my apartment and noticing all the spider webs are built next to the lamp nd lights around
I have observed rapid evolution over the course of some 40 years. Two examples. A species of clam that lives near me in Florida in the mud used to be randomly bright pink, light pink or white. A parent could have all three in the hundreds every time they reproduce. So if you were out collecting their shells you would be likely to see all three colors in equal amounts. Shell crafters, people who make decorative objects from seashells often pick brightly colored shells to harvest as opposed to planer looking shells. Shell crafting has been going on since the sailor's valentine craze of the Victorian era but it has grown to a wider scale here in Florida so much so that some county's ban harvesting live shells altogether. So due to the popularity of brightly colored shells, the crafters would harvest only the pink ones leaving the white ones to survive to reproduce. In 1979, as I said, the color demographics were more or less even. Today, you will easily find the white ones but hardly ever will you find either of the pink shades. A similar thing happened with it's distant cousin, another clam but that one comes in a huge variety of colors ranging from all white to every color of the rainbow and often many colors at once. At least that was the case again 40 years ago but today, the demographics of that clam is roughly 80% white and 20% multi colored. And like the other species, any parent can reproduce any of the colors and in fact will have a thousand offspring at a time and every color of the rainbow will be represented in one mass of eggs but mostly today you see white ones. I predict that 2nd species of clam will be 96% White in 40 years and 99% white in 120 years and in a few more centuries, all color will be bred out of both species. There is also a species of sea snail that when first discovered was up to 18" long and quite heavy. The snail would simply keep reproducing throughout it's life and just get bigger and bigger. Due to harvesting preferences being for the largest display worthy specimens, you never see this species over a foot long any more. But also this species tended to reproduce only after it reached 10 inches in length. A malacologist once told me that they simply didn't reach sexual maturity until they were 10 inches long. Prior to that any offspring would be deformed or sickly. Recently I have observed specimens as small as six inches laying eggs and when I examined some under a microscope I found they were perfectly formed. I saw one in a museum once that was 22 1/2 inches long. It was accompanied by an egg case that was 2 1/2 inches thick. The egg cases I see today are half an inch thick. It's basically the same species but now I think we could call today's version a sub species, a sort of pigmy version of their ancestors. To my knowledge no specimen of that species over 14 inches long has been seen alive since the 1970's. All this said, they are actually a very common species. I could go out into the harbor near my house at low tide and there is a 75% chance I could fill a shopping bag with them in an hour. Smaller specimens have little commercial value but the foot long or nearly foot long specimens sell for about $50 in souvenir shops.
Perfect place to mention Heikegani crabs. Japanese fishermen(crabers) noticed their shells resembled a warriors mask. Believing these critters were connected to the souls of Heike warriors who died in huge battle... they threw them back. As years (decades) passed, the more the carapace looked like the warrior mask, the more likely it was for that crab to survive and breed. By now the appearance is remarkable. Due to human interference. Relatively short time for that change.
Bahaha 😂😂😂
That’s awesome
@TransCube what do you think evolution is exactly?
@TransCube Idk what the fu¢k are you on about, but "a series of mutations within a population over multiple generations, that increase survivability" is literally how evolution works. At most you could argue that it's an accidental case of selective breeding, which is still one of the mechanisms that make up the evolutionary process
@TransCube You obviously don’t know anything about evolution.
When Alaska is used as a unit of measurement for trash patch size
Yeah, why not football fields
Trican Le yeah, why not burgers per liberty square ?
Because america will use anything as a measurement system other than the metric system
@@jacksonstarbringer7972 everyone except NASA
@@Mgl1206 i'm not from the US and i love the metric system, but i gotta say that NASA crashed a satelite on a planet because they used the metric with the imperial system and their computer miscalculated the conversion
Recent studies of urbanized raccoons suggest that they maybe developing a new subspecies, adapted to strictly urban life.
What's different about urban raccoons compared to forest raccoons?
@@michaelbuckers In deep urban areas, like NYC, they seem to be developing completely different behavioral patterns than their wild contemporaries. Although I honestly cannot remember the name of the study I am referencing.
@@pelewads Raccoons are omnivorous, intelligent, and have a reasonably long period of maternal care. Some of their behavior changes are very possibly learned.
don't racoons that live in urban areas tend to have an more unhealthy diet and subsequently die faster?
@@matheussanthiago9685 Not fast enough. They live long enough to reproduce and feed the kiddies. So they don't often compete in senior citizen marathons. They don't care. Some primates are that way, too.
So that might mean that it's likely that the "breed often, die young" species will become more dominant in the future, since they can adapt to those rapid ecological changes more quickly?
Not if they are going against a breed often, start young, keep going til you are old species
@@mraggressivestoic8442 That depends on the environment. For the example using fish size there would not be any benefit to living longer since you're going to be fished. This means lifespans will shorten and age of maturity will come earlier. This can happen in a lot of predator/prey systems and is prominent in environments with seasonal predation like with salmon.
@@abebuckingham8198 except for the larger a fish is, the more babies it can make. I bred guppies for years and the females that had babies as soon as they could would have 5 to 7 and the big mature females had like 20
@@abebuckingham8198 googled it, up to 60 at a time. So that's 10 times the amount of young, if they have a survival rate of 11% or higher, it gives longevity an advantage
@@mraggressivestoic8442 Right, but if there are no big mature females it's not relevant. You have to kill all the big fish when they get big. This is artificial selection at work and they're choosing older bigger fish to die. There is nothing natural about this process.
I heard that dandelions in urban areas are developing seeds that just fall to the ground rather than flying away, in order to make use of tiny, isolated patches of soil.
That’s really interesting. Many dandelions probably spring up in cracks in the pavement!
Oh boy, even more dandelions.
The fields outside my apartment complex are constantly flooded with dandelions, and tons of seeds end up in the air, which although cool, I'm told that's bad.
The people who own the complex are actively trying to get rid of the dandelions.
TheFinalDawn try eating them... it’s good for you
@@attatawil
Eating dandelions you know are being targeted for elimination is a bad idea, as it is likely they are coated in toxic substances.
@@IrvingIV yeah but if you get safe dandelions, they're actually tasty. Put em on a salad and it'll give it a nice pop
Obviously, this is just one person's observation and my subjective interpretation of it, but when I started driving here in the UK in the 1970s it was really common to hit a rabbit on the road. They'd just run out in front of you, particularly at night. Folklore stated that they were attracted by the headlights. Now, forty five years later, this very rarely happens; you often see rabbits on the verge, but they almost never run out any more. It has occurred to me that rabbits with a behavioural tendency to run out into traffic may have gradually died out (by being hit by cars), leaving survivors that don't have this tendency. Of course, this would require behaviours as well as physical attributes to be passed on genetically, but it's just a thought.
Behaviors are a valid criteria to species!! It is passed not genetically but by learning. For example, singing birds song are very different from region to region!!
@@AmandineYlan actually behaviours can be transmitted genetically
Urban crows know where cars go and where they dont. They strut around on the shoulder very close to high speed traffic
Amandine Ylan it can be both genetically passed or by teaching like in crows as the comment above me says, thought genetically is more common because not all animals are as smart as dolphins or crows and even then there are different ways to learn shown by octopuses and jumping spiders
Or they're smarter then you think and seeing their buddy ralph get squished into a pancake maybe gave them a clue.
Rabbit: hey sam did you hear what happened to ralph
Rabbit sam: ya dude stay off that black stuff thats where the big guys hang out. They don't even eat you just squish.
Tada evolution
It's truly crazy that a bird can evolve shorter wings to maneuver better for avoiding cars and feeding but a DAMN deer can't evolve better vision or hearing to get hit by cars!
I think the speed of evolution is relative to the likelihood of the animal with the weak traits being killed off. Deers exist in huge numbers and only rarely do a few adventurous or young individuals have a run in with a car, so it's not a big enough factor to influence evolution.
Deer also benefit from the fact that human drivers have evolved new driving habits to avoid hitting deer, so their cars won't get totalled. It's a two way street!
The speed of evolution depends largely on how much time it takes to a species to reproduce, these birds can reproduce much faster than deers, so there's that
Getting hit by a car isn't a large enough population pressure to cause evolution in deer. There's a much larger population compared to the rate of death from getting hit.
@@shawnjavery Deer populations have grown pretty dramatically in the Midwest since the Europeans arrived. Today there are way more deer in Illinois than a few centuries ago. Why? (1) Cleared farmlands in former woodlands provide a better habitat for the deer, who prefer a forest edge over deep forest or pure prairie; (2) grain farmlands provide lots of food; (3) humans have basically killed off the natural predators, such as wolves.
Actually they are. Years ago alot of deers got hit by cars here. Since 1960's. But now... i never hear about a deer getting hit. And i see those deers still in the field standing there. They just do not cross the road anymore. :) Deers evolved and learned that cars are dangerous.
I've lived by a bridge loaded with their nests my entire life & I've never seen a single cliff swallow roadkill. it's near impossible to hit one with a vehicle even if you were trying to. The advancements of evolution came from the actual structures providing them with perfect bases to build their nest and thus thrive
"even if you were trying to" ? how on earth you can possibly try with that primitive machine
That is happening right now in my house, a species of butterfly learned that its best for them to make cocoons under my roof to avoid rain, first it was one or two, now they are literally in every wall... I guess i got myself infinite pets...
Well, if you ever need a Butterfree, you're set...
I had (and still have to a small degree) a population of cellar spiders in my home that evolved to be bigger and to move a lot slower (maybe to conserve energy). They became quite the spider hunters and I left them alone mostly because they do an excellent job keeping other spiders away. Since they began showing changes, I haven't seen any other web-making spiders in my home. Of course, these new cellar spiders seem to totally ignore pretty much anything but other spiders. They will eat their own without issue. I do think they might be on the verge of collapse because the past few years I have seen very very few of them compared to just five years ago. I see one every so often, but I think their numbers are now too small to sustain themselves and they will probably go extinct in my home.
@@NotSoCrazyNinja thats a heck no from me xD
@@diegomarxweiller1814 Cellar spiders are pretty much harmless. I started "experimenting" with them about ten years ago when I moved into a house that had them everywhere. When I moved to where I am now, there were some hanging around so I continued observation with the occasional experiment.
Keep some birds
I didn’t think venomous snakes could get any more metal. :)
Heavy, man.
@Ben Louis Actually, the preferred music listening of the venomous fauna of Australia is a nice long Requiem.
WJohnM
😂
images.app.goo.gl/XzGvprTmGMGLGgVy5
@@urmorph images.app.goo.gl/XzGvprTmGMGLGgVy5
Getting darker has helped the turtle-headed sea snakes fend off heavy metals, but now they get pulled over a lot more.
Ah
now they have sex with our wives while we’re at work
Your Mother’s Lover if only i had a wife
Aaaahahaha awesome!
Chase Mcdude its called silicone
The plastivore microbes discovery is pretty damn fascinating. Some types of worms digest plastics into degradable biomass!
Another rather famous example of this is the Peppered Moth also referred to as Darwin's moth. A Peppered Moth is typically white with small black and gray spots which help them camouflage against the pale bark of the trees they live on. Although there was a melanistic version, it was rather rare because it was more easily spotted by predators thus not surviving to pass on it's genes. During the industrial revolution the tree bark in cities was stained black from pollution. This caused the melanistic form of the moth to thrive in cities while the white form declined. That trend continued until the mid 20th century when clean air laws put an end to the pollution and within a few generations the melanistic moths began to decline and the white colored Pepper Moth returned.
Omg pepper moth
At least neither of them went extinct.
Climate truth
ruclips.net/video/_MTRAeJPkFI/видео.html
Except that it wasn't a case of evolution, just like these insects. There are both white and black pepper moths, and they both have identical DNA. they were both in existence before the industrial revolution, and they are both in existence now, and their DNA has not changed. This is a perfect example of adaptation, not evolution.
@@temjiu9915 if it is a different gene it is (slightly) different DNA
“The not road-killed variety” that’s an interesting way to distinguish between specimens
Bit like 'not covid killed' folk telling us they didn't need vaccinations so neither do we.
Life, uhhh... finds a way.
'Nuff said
and sometimes not.
@Real Donald Trump also has to do with entropy. Because of entropy life exists, and because of entropy life will end. :)
Steve H. and sometimes the way is death
As long as there is something that is flowing (water) there should be life, and I said it right, Saturn's moon Titan might have a liquid methane supported life form just because methane is "liquid" and "flowing" complete opposite of Earth's life
Re. the cliff swallows with shorter wings being more manouvreable; that's exactly the reason that later versions of the Supermarine Spitfire had their wings 'clipped' in WWII - i.e., the wings had the outer tips removed. The clipped wings increased their rate of roll, enabling them to go from straight and level flight into sharp turns significantly faster, and it also improved their speed at low altitudes.
The Turtle-Headed Sea Snake is the most accurate name I've ever heard.
Coyotes! Do one about coyotes! They've taken over America since wolves were driven out and there are so many of them they live in CITIES. They have coyotes in NYC!!!
They also cross breed with dogs, producing hybrids that aren't afraid of humans, causing more problems.
Foxes too, you don't see them often but I've seen breeding pairs in a suburb of 35,000 in a total metropolitan area holding over 1 million. It was still inner suburb though my state had plenty of parks so we have deer too haha.
Coywolves
I saw a coyote right outside my retirement complex in suburban Boston, by the tracks. They haven't attacked anyone yet, but we're all ready with our cameras if they do.
@@urmorph are you gonna flash them away with your camera when they do attack someone?
"They're fast. They're hard. They're cars."
This line caught me off guard for some reason and I began to dissociate. I think internally I thought it was funny but because I've been in quarantine for almost 2 months, I no longer express normal reactions to emotional stimuli.
bro same
Are you holding up well after over a year and a half?
Lol
Very interesting, thanks. However the Cliff Swallows story raises some questions for me.. longer wings will have higher metabolic costs to grow as well which would also make short wings a useful adaptation for survival. This isn't a contradiction to the idea that increased manouvreability might help cliff swallows escape from car accidents or catch insects better when they are in low availability but as with any evolutionary question there are a variety of factors that can be operating.
I'm surprised we didnt see soot moths on this list
I heard the snakes getting black and the first thing I thought of was Biston betularia.
The Peppered Moth ???
it actually changed colors twice due t humans...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peppered_moth
@@davidhollenshead4892 that was the first example in my biology textbook
@Real Donald Trump no
Only an idiot would think that
@@davidhollenshead4892 yes it's a colloquial name for the peppered moth
All 62 episodes of breaking bad would be 2 days and 14 hours so to watch it all in 3 days is an achievement.
That leaves you 2x 5 hour sleeps between each day's binge. Thats easy.
@@cookeymonster83 its sooo sloow though
How much longer till we start calling earth's animals pokemon?
We literally have a steel type snake
Like
B r u h
We have steel type snail too. And electric type fish. And fighting type birds. And about five hundred other animals that pokemon are based off of.
Don't forget water/flying type fish, and electric type ants
@@pauldeddens5349 dont forget the fire type insect pokemon we have
@CL Melonshark They sound terrifying until you realize what they are
then they become terrifying in a different way
@@michaelbuckers Remind me, why isn't there a Steel/Water snail pokemon based on that damn Steel toed Whatever it was? I forget the name.
I don't know what's worse, the creationist people arguing that adaptation is not evolution or the people that don't get that in this context "climate change" doesn't literally mean "when the climate changes"
London underground mosquito: What up, mate?
Normal mosquito: Nah, we are now genetically different so we aren’t able to mate. Sorry.
Metro mosquito - ayy you Out off the gene pool.
Mosquitoes stabbing each other in London due to different post codes sounds about right.
Another interesting rapid evolution example is the Australian cane toad. It was introduced as a natural predator for the cane beetle and has become one of the most destructive pest species in the country as has spread all the way from the East coast to Darwin in the North/West. This is a REALLY long way and involves travelling through a number of diverse environments. This has led to physical changed in the species. The cane toad populations that are found further West display features that would be beneficial in travelling the large distances required to reach a new habitat before it becomes saturated with members of their own species. They are significantly larger than the parent species and also have comparatively longer legs. Basically, this invading species has adapted traits that serve well for the vanguard simply reaching a new destination first and dominating the region before the smaller and shorter legged competitors arrive.
Additionally, native species that live in areas which have become inhabited by cane toads have also evolved to accommodate their presence. The Australian Red-Bellied Black Snake has evolved a smaller head because those with large enough jaws to ingest a poisonous adult toad died very quickly after doing so. Also, several species of Australian bird have developed a preference for flipping toads onto their backs and eating the non-poisonous parts of the toad. While this was initially believe to be a learned behavior, birds that are raised in captivity and never see other birds doing this do now seem to instinctively go for the underside of toads when encountering them for the first time.
That's crazy.
Could you imagine the capability to distill knowledge, and just inject it into someone?
That would come with banes and boons, of course
But maybe we could transfer whole skill sets
No industry or art or knowledge would have to go extinct
If you'd like a story with something similar, check out Children of Time
Well said 😁👍☘️
@@BlueRidgeBubble
Sounds like a good fantasy book. Here’s one. The Bowl of Souls. Trevor H Cooley. It’s just a young teen series but his imagination for newish magic is brilliant. A fun read.
@@magsmcgarrigle981 I'll have to check it out
Children of Time is actually sci fi
It's an uplift project gone wrong
And little portia spiders get uplifted instead of chimpanzees
I won't spoil it too much
So good
Humans: *exists.*
Animals: “Guess I’ll evolve.”
So humans didn’t evolve from the same origin? K
@@HH-zi5ih whos saying they didnt
@@thegreatestturtieever7801 the comment I’m replying to fails to express that both of these things are evolving. It says humans are only existing, but animals are evolving. Human behavior is changing and development is spreading, so animals are adapting to new habitats and against new threats. Humans aren’t doing the same thing they’ve been doing forever. Humans are the ones initializing the change in their environment, and the animals are following that change. Humans are evolving, causing animals to have to evolve and adapt. It’s an oversimplification from the person I replied to not understanding fully what they’re saying.
@@HH-zi5ih You mean we’re devolving :>
Hello, I would like to ask you a question. May I? yes? What makes you think that speaking is not an evolutionary trait.
The thing about sea microbes is interesting. About 10 years ago when I first started going to school for biology, I got into the DIY bio scene and was discussing possible avenues for research with one of my professors. I mentioned plastics in the ocean and the utility that a microbe that could eat them could have, and her response was, paraphrased "That probably isn't a productive avenue for research. Developing a novel trait like that isn't really something we can do very easily, but nature will probably deal with this particular problem on its own soon enough. Bacteria are always finding new metabolic pathways and I doubt they will take long to find a way to exploit this new carbon source that has suddenly shown up in such massive quantities." It's interesting to see her hypothesis panning out only a decade later.
You forgot another very distinct evolutionary pathway for mosquitoes. Urban mosquitoes are very different from their “wild” counterpart (people who went into forests know what I’m talking about). Through selective breeding, we created a new species of mosquitoes. They are smaller, more agile and more careful. They come out only when it gets darker. once the light goes off, they try to remain still, preferably on a darker surface. Also, they come out to fly maximum 1-2 individuals at a time; Even though, there could be 10 more hiding in the shadows.
9:00 considering that microbes can go like “Yo bro! CHECK THIS MY DNA OUT! It let me get energy from plastic! Wanna try it?” I have a strong sense they evolved in 70 years
I kinda want to see those guys on an episode of "Journey to the Microcosm" now...
It took the entire span of the Carboniferous period (60 million years) for something to evolve that could break down and digest wood. The fact that we've already seen organisms able to break down plastic is incredible
They are more like: prompt.RNAtransfer(@s, RNA.polymerosis);
@@dimetrodon2250 the biochemical mechanism for breaking down wood maybe is more complicated than breaking plastic? I mean, depends how many genes have to change to, by chance, a specimen develop the capacity to eat a new substrate. To each additional necessary change, the time to evolve that trait would be exponentially higher. Maybe those plastic eaters bacteria already had a diet close enough so wouldn't be that long.
I remember hearing about white moths who survived on white trees dying off and being replaced by black moths once those white trees were covered with soot during the industrial revolution. Now that’s quick evolution!
This happens to bears in arctic areas too. If you have a brown bear in a temperate area that starts to see a lot of snow, it will be highly visible and struggle to hunt, whereas it's white cousins would suddenly have an advantage. This works both ways, with white bears struggling to hunt in areas that see less snow than in the past and their rarer brown offspring having an immediate advantage.
That's industrial melanism. They didn't "die off", the ratio between melanistic and non-melanistic moths changed. They're the same species. Now whether the overall number of moths was affected, I can't tell you. Btw, since the soot isn't a huge problem anymore, the white moths dominate again.
I learned about that, too. Then I found out years later that it wasn’t quite accurate.
What if the soot was just covering the moths?
@@-ahaha- yeah I’m pretty sure full blown SCIENTISTS would figure that out but yeah you’re totally smarter than those trained in science.
There's some kind of invasive species of gecko where I live in Florida. They used to all be light very light colored but now many of them have dark brown stripes on their back. Happened quick over only 20 years.
"They're fast, they're hard, they're cars"
"Fishes? Well done👍"
"Its bad enough when you're underground trying to not get exploded without getting covered by blood! Sucking! bugs!"
Ah, dont ever change Hank ❤😭
"7 animals that evolved at hyperspeed"
Me: oh that's cool :D
"Because of us"
Me: *sad human noises*
Everyone always wants to blame humanity for the actions of the frw but nobody wants to blame all "answered any animal name" for a few of there kind killing many humans.
I saw you twice before
@@boundedscythe7726 Humans kill more sharks than sharks kill humans.
6 human deaths (because of sharks) vs. 100,000,000 shark deaths (because of humans): Who's worse now, you fool?
What do you and the month July have in common? You have no class.
@@bakedgoldfish45 nobody cares about the sharks
@@bakedgoldfish45 besides, it’s nature really, we’re just the most successful species in our history
HANK, I have an excellent candidate for a follow up to this: the Hawaiian rock wallaby. This species evolved from a single, sibling pair of Aussie rock wallabies, who escaped captivity in the 1940s, due to a tropical storm. Since their original habitat was so severe, and their dietary needs so extreme, it was at first assumed they'd have died off quickly. Nope. This sibling pair had lots of babies, who mated with each other, etc., until they were discovered in the 1990s, with differences in size, colour, diet, and most importantly, genital arrangement and chromosome structure, making them unable to mate with the species they came from. Unlike feral pigs, which destroyed many natural habitats, these wallabies ended up fitting in, and even help disperse seeds of various of their new food sources via their feces.
As for this video, I love it. I have often wondered if animals were evolving to adapt to cars existing, especially every spring, when animals end up dead all over our roads. I hate that it takes the slower, dumber ones dying to help their species evolve.
Well, the slower, dumber ones about Covid are dying to help our species evolve
That's really cool and interesting! But I'm curious given the small population and the origins of their ancestry being a pair of siblings, how do the wallabies deal with the issues of inbreeding and lack of genetic diversity?
@@christaaffe8251 true the human gene pool is a mess
@@VentSaviour I don't know for sure, but I guess that they had lots of babies and the weak ones died off. Even so, they likley have limited genetic diversity, and may be one disaster away from extinction, like the butterfly mentioned in the video. And of the plants they are helping have come to rely on them, then maybe they will goextinct too.
Line breeding will do that to genitals
Thanks!
Humans: we demand unlimited resources! We'll eat whatever we want!
Nature: *raises middle finger*
That one human in the back: REEEEEEEEEEEE!
Its interesting I see so many comments like this as if humans are not part of nature and some form of alien invasion.
@@ItsMeChillTyme maybe we are
@@ItsMeChillTyme Because humans are the only species that can actively and timely bring nature out of equilibrium (unlike for example a super-predator emptying the seas over the course of millions of years)
@@slyseal2091 That does not make any sense. We're just another element that puts selective pressure on the environment. That does not make us separate from nature/Earth.
I thought for sure you were going to mention rattlesnakes who evolved to not have a rattle due to human hearing-based hunting in Texas. These snakes survive humans, and cannot warn large animals to their presence to protect themselves. It’s wild!
There is a beautiful fluorescent green rattlesnake that way back was becoming very rare because it did not rattle so of course every cowboy who bumped into one immediately shot it! Where as most people familiar with the natural wonders of this marvelous home we find ourselves living on as it hurdles through the black of space at over a million miles an hour saving us all from so many unforeseen deadly things the only logical god anyone should be worshipping to … oh forget it the snake been around for ever IDK why but there’s plenty of other deadly snakes that don’t have rattles! Human hearing, really? How about all the poisoned rodents that killed so many birds?
Another one is the cane toad. Introduced in Australia it keeps spreading across the country. The toads long legs that walk the furthest mate with other toads with long legs and so they get longer legs the further they spread across the country.
There's SO many linked to cane toads! Red belly black snakes for example in cane toad areas have much smaller mouths, due to large mouth snakes eating bigger toads & dying from the poison, while the snakes with smaller mouths can't eat a toad big enough to poison them to death
This morning i saw Jeremy wade's dark waters and the Cane toad was the main of the episode. Now i see this comment
“Speaking of garbage (commercial starts)”
Chef’s kiss. Perfect timing.
Fun Fact: When the existence of high speed evolution was first proposed, the old guard labelled this heretical idea "Evolution by Jerks". The adherents of the new idea countered by labeling the status quo "Evolution by Creeps".
There was a simar story with regard to crystalline structures in material science and the thought that infinite sums could have finite answers in mathematics.
All of these sound vaguely like the rise of "ok Boomer" in response to those who are stubbornly hold onto outdated ideas. I guess scientists, mathematicians, and other experts are just as human as the rest of us.
jablue hopefully you got that “jerks” are short, rapid motions and “creeps” are minuscule motions continuing over a long time...
@@jpe1 Ah, did not. Thanks for the education.
I saw those lectures
I travel a lot by road here in Australia. Kangaroos seem to be particularly prone to road traffic. They are active generally from dusk to dawn and tend not to move away from approaching cars or trucks - they are likely to stare stupidly into the headlights until it's too late. I've often wondered if there is a measurable change in behaviour for kangaroo populations now compared to, say, the 1950's when road traffic started to really ramp up. With a kangaroo "generation" being around 6-8 years, that's about 10 generations since the 50's. You would think that evolution would favour more road wary individuals. My experience suggests not - there are still a LOT of kangaroos being naturally de-selected... But I'd be interested to learn if anyone has formally studied this.
Eh i dunno, kangaroo is the kind of animal that people casually punch in the face.
@@michaelbuckers It's not.
Kangaroos act just like white tail deer in the USA.
Didn't areas of Australia add over/under passes specifically to allow wildlife a path to safely cross the road? Have the wildlife shown adaption to these shortcuts? When I became aware of these wildlife safe routes, they were shown at busy express routes, not suburban streets where I would expect more of the roadkills to take place. Please make a recommendation to SciShow.
Just to put this in perspective, last year when traveling on the Eyre Highway from Ceduna to Norseman (about 1200Km), I did an informal and highly unscientific count of carcasses along the way. Doing a count over 5Km or so at various spots and then averaging and extrapolating. My estimate was 10,000 carcasses over that 1200Km stretch of road. Australia has about 800,000Km of roads. If we take a stab at 25% of those being outback major roads, we're looking at about 2 Million carcasses at any one time. Which doesn't account for how many over any given period of time. Australia's kangaroo population is around the 50 Million mark. If anyone has better information, please feel free to correct this.
I'm surprised you didn't mention peppered-moths; they're usually the go-to in discussions of rapid evolution and anthropogenic evolution.
That's probably exactly why they didn't - everyone already knows the story by heart
The title of this episode is about 7 animals that evolved at hyper speed not insects. 😁
@@spicynachohaggis7756 Insects are animals. Not to mention, they already had butterflies included in this video.
Matthew Rand insects are animals, they’re classified under the kingdom Animalia
@Peter .....what?
I wonder if birds in cities or other noisy places have evolved for their calls to be heard amidst the din of the city by other birds over longer distances. I remember sitting at a traffic light once in a noisy city and being able to hear a robin call very loud above all the other noise.
You know Carnivores, herbavores, and Omnivores... Now say hello to the Plastivores.
Hohohoho
How do I become plastivorous?
69th liker
They probably exist a long time but in the 60s various bugs were found that enjoyed eating Jet fuel. Petroleum is a natural product and comes to the surface all by itself. Somehow, most of it is eventually consumed by bacteria like critters.
Great, now let bacteria eat nuclear waste, this would be useful :D
All I’m thinking about is future rabbits evolving the ability to matrix out the way of my car.
And every time you kill one purposefully you’re helping bring that wonderful future, keep going, you can do it.
poor bunnies.
Hank's sarcastic YAY at evolutionary rescue of mosquitoes was something I think we could all relate to. 😂
I always learn new things by watching this channel and this man. Well done.
If the snakes can shed off the metal accumulation, we could research in breeding the high-melanin aquatic snakes that withstand high metal concentrations, then process the shed skin to have metal recovery or refining.
great idea. next step is figure out how to get bacteria to do that in a much shorter time
@@jjrusy7438 As far as I know this is already under investigation. First to bind unwanted elements, but I'm sure they think about harvesting some elements in the process too. Might be interesting for elements that are highly diluted and hard to get. But I would not put too high hopes in that.
Increased concentration for biology might be parts per million instead of parts per billion, so no it wouldn't be useful for processing.
Or we could regulate all these dirty, morally bankrupt companies and make sure they don't dump all their toxic crap into the environment.
jj rusy only problem there is the containment, it’s probably much harder to collect from large areas populated with those bacteria, so we’d have to keep it in controlled situations otherwise we just have bacteria collecting and then releasing all our good resources and letting the stuff hurt other creatures unnecessarily.
Salmon, Herring and Cod are HEAVILY commercially fished compared to any "sport" fishing.
Interesting aspects to think about, the possibility is there: Swallows living under overpasses could have slightly stunted growth due to the reduced air quality of their new home. With the larger fish being harvested, it's the smaller fish that are passing on their genes, thus promoting that evolutionary change like a form of selective breeding. Tuskless elephants, re-enforcing the unintended selective breeding as with the fish.
Natural selective breeding is evolution
This was a simpler and precise explanation
We are literally artificially selecting smaller fish
Randomly clicked on this video so I had something to watch while I eat and then I saw Hank Green. You have my attention
I remember reading in my biology text in High School, back in the 70s, about a species of of moth in England that was various shades of gray; specimens collected at the beginning of the 1800s, when compared to specimens collected at the beginning of the 1900s, showed a noticeable difference - the earlier ones had a noticeably greater amount of lighter gray as compared to the latter ones, which were noticeably darker. The naturalists noticed that the moths, which spent significant time perching on tree-trunks, were harder to see on the trunks, as the tree-trunks were, in many areas, darker due to soot from large numbers of nearby furnaces. This made it harder for birds that preyed on them, to spot them. So the species had originally been a lighter gray, as that made it harder to spotted by the predacious birds, but selective pressure had previously mitigated against the darker ones, as standing out on the lighter (earlier) tree-barks.
The adaptation this video describes has a name, EPIGENETICS, an inbuilt system in all living organisms that governs gene expression. It is today known that even the changes in the beak size and form of the famous Galapagos Finches are not evolutionary changes in the traditional sense, but due to rapid epigenetic adaptation. These adaptive changes are also reversible.
The video does refer to “adaptation” several times, but mixes it up with “evolution”, which is a completely different concept.
Nor are the black and white mots and example of evolution, maybe not even of epigenetic changes, it is more probably, both variants existed already, the industrial sooth in England gave just the black ones an advantage. These days the white moths are back.
It was proven many decades ago that the guy that took those pictures staged them with dead moths he brought with him to prove divergent Natural Selection
Climate truth
ruclips.net/video/_MTRAeJPkFI/видео.html
We still have to learn about those moths in school today lol, the ones with the grey mutation have once again become the most prevalent due to less pollution in Britain/darkening of tree bark.
@Alexander MacGowan The video is a good example of how the Neo-Darwinian community tries to save the theory. Now they have given adaptation a for them more correct name, “rapid evolution”. Not so long ago speaking of adaptation or micro evolution made you to an “ignorant creationist”. What happened with the formula “mutations-TIME-natural selection”?
"Life, uh, finds a way" - Jeff Goldblum As Malcolm from JP.
Coolspot48 so true.
Like the Zebra Mussel, which is now clogging freshwater pipes in the great lakes having been transported there in the ballast tanks of ships...
People who take care of feral cats have found evidence of what's called "a biological vacuum" response. If feral cat colonies are killed off, well, a few always escape. Then the females start having litters in shorter stretches of time, and larger litters, which fills the "vacuum". It's one of the ideas behind the "trap, neuter, return" campaign.
Colonies that SLOWLY decline in size do not suffer from a vacuum and the remaining fertile females continue having normal litters.
Now, the problem becomes colonies increasing or retaining their size because more humans who DON"T speuter their cats continue to dump unwanted kittens.
Google "Tiny Kittens", they specialize in helping ferals, and look up '"Alley Cat Allies".
@@davidhollenshead4892 The good point of the zebra mussles is that they are such efficient filtration species, water comes out really clean. They even suck up poisonous metals. The bad part is the water is not only clean of pollutants but they eat all the other algea etc. other species need to survive. And the mussles reproduce so fast they clog up anywhere the start to accumulate, and their "babies" are too small to be filtered out of the water ... if we could only somehow slow down their reproduction they'd be wonderful pollutant controls.
According to Entropy. Life will also end. So what he said is probably wrong.
Darwin: Evolution happens gradually over millions of years!
Evolution: I do whatever I want shut up old man
@@azrieljale sources? Sounds like your just making up random statistics to back your racist worldview.
Good example: the Morgan Horse. Amazing. A new breed in ONE generation.
Me again. Foxes are being domesticated. It's taken about 90 generations but it's happening. A project was started by Stalin to see if uh, goodness, his version of "goodness = submissiveness" could be bred.
Ever heard the saying "exception from the rule"? And all changes shown in the video were gradual (even with the elephants) and minor compared to the complexity of the organisms involved; the only really interesting (and rarely directly observed by us) thing was the speciation of the mosquitoes - but they are still mosquitoes, so the overall change was minute (just the first step of speciation).
plus it can work both ways, you do know that right? It can be long term as well as short term. ...sheesh.
A true crazy one is the Heike Crab. Fisherman threw the ones that looked like a face back into the ocean. They all look like faces now.
You have no idea how hyped I was for this after it was cruelly ripped away from me
Why did it get taken down?
@@TehFrop it wasnt taken down it was uploaded & put into public viewing at the wrong time. It was promptly put into private viewing after the error was caught. Usually studios like this have a semi-strict schedule to maximise views & thereby maximise revenue from each upload. I'm making it sound as if SciShow is purely profit focused, but that's not my intention, this is just how YT works as market with videos in perfect competition with one another.
It happen like 3 times too
@@Kaleb.R that almost sounds intentional..
Thanks for this :) was reading the comments to see this, having seen the video up, but too late to actually watch
been binging scishow these couple of days cause i have a week off before exam. gotta say, good way to pass time
1:56 "not-road killed variety" never thought I'd hear such a hilarious phrase used so scientifically
Hank, you’re fun to watch! Thank you!
I learned relatively recently that opossums don’t play possum anymore because the ones that did ended up roadkill. Most of the surviving opossums now no longer do this because it was detrimental to survival.
They never did. It's a myth that possums play dead. What's actually ñ aka _thanatosis._ This happens so that if they ARE eaten, at least they won't feel it.
@Alexander MacGowan this was 2 years ago dude, just learn how to google
I'm fairly convinced that wild animals see motorized vehicles as giant insects; that follow each other on paths, and never really chase them so are not afraid of them.
Are you mad? Wild animals avoid cars like the plague
@@chameleonedm Never stated that it was otherwise 🤔😉
@@SeptemberMeadows You stated animals aren't afraid of cars, they most certainly are
@@chameleonedm You know what you know.
@@SeptemberMeadows nah that’s bollocks otherwise no one would ever be wrong
Evolution also depends on life span if species.
Shorter the lifespan is the faster the next generation will come will negledgeble change.
Ruh-roh--RAGGY
Hey that's also what the video said
The video already covered this
If plastivores are really becoming a thing that exists, then I am ever more impressed by the planets ability to heal itself.
@One of eight billion GAIA!! I'm convinced it's a thing.
I think natures just doing what it normally does. Survive
I’ve heard of a situation in TX where rattlesnakes have evolved to rattle less b/c the ones that rattle tend to get killed. Some have hypothesized that it’s due to selection.
Also dogs have evolved relatively quickly too. They have lots of variation as well. I saw a documentary on it. I think there are genetic reasons, deliberate human breeding choices, and then they also have litters so you have a wider batch to select from on every generation. Interesting stuff.
I’m not sure if selective breeding is the same as evolution, which is defined by random mutations, but it’s most definitely the same process
"Fishes, well done!" _Well, it was nothing, really. See, those of us who survived the nets just happened to be smaller and all that._
"they're fast, they're hard, they're the ultimate lifeform, Cars!"
Man those turn-headed sea snakes would make a great regional variant of Ekans. Ekans already has dark and light stripes normally, and it is a Poison type. So a solid black one that is Steel/Poison with the ability Shed Skin. I mean Game Freak already did the dead bleached coral ghost Cursola.
The elephant example is actually a little scary since, as described, it means that population went through a very restrictive bottleneck which could have reduced genetic diversity. To the extent that the no-tusk trait is not random, the population could have lost alleles for other unrelated traits that by chance did not make it past the bottleneck. So in addition to not having tusks to forage, they may be less resilient to the next stressor that comes long. Now we come full circle to the caterpillar example.
well to be honest ,,,, even when we remove human interactions
elephants and rhinos ,,,,didnt do well evolution wise
they had a lot of species around the globe ,,,,where pretty common
but even before the last ice age they died out on almost all continents and where they survived most spec went extinct keeping just a few left
so def not really an genre who was menat to stick along
sure it would be sad if theyr finaly gone
but looking at the other creatures who went extinct even humans werent a thing back then
not every creature is here to stay forever
Hyenadons ,,Entelodons ,,, Terro birds ,,Saber tooths ,,,, they all did wel lat one point ,,,then get less and less diverse over theyr evolution and at the end went extinct
They should’ve had a high and a low cut off for fish length so that fishing exerts divergent evolutionary pressure (i.e. two viable ecological niches, being “too small” or “too big”). As those two groups don’t have any actual mating barriers, they would intermingle to create more medium fish than can be fished.
By only exerting evolutionary pressure to be smaller to increase fitness, we’re just making the fish smaller and smaller
Water Under The Bridge
Gillnets only allow a narrow size range of fish to be harvested. Smaller fish can get through the webbing; while much larger fish do not become entangled (“gilled”) easily.
We use such nets to regulate our harvest of salmon and other fish, to keep the harvest sustainable, here in Alaska.
Nice to hear that there’s actual thought put behind some fishing operations :D
Seems like a big chunk of the world probably hasn’t though, otherwise they wouldn’t have discussed that topic in the video
most places that offer sport fishing have "slot limits" where you're not allowed to take fish that don't fit the slot. (Basically, they're too big or too small.) And they don't screw around with the penalties - potentially hundreds of dollars per fish.
@@waterunderthebridge7950 They don't necessarily do that to protect the fish though. It is expensive to transport, clean them, remove the guts, and package the fish. You don't want to do that with small fish which has not as much valuable meat on it.
great point
I really hope we solve the environment crises and can build a better world, but it's also comforting to know that the planet has a solid chance of getting along without us if we don't fix it
A great study done by Peter and Rosemary Grant was documented in the book "The Beak of the Finch" by Jonathan Weiner.
The scientists followed the change of the finches beaks during a period of drought. The foods available to them were a selective pressure on beak size. People that don't believe evolution need to read more!
I appreciate knowing these things. I can only imagine how long it took for you to compile all this information!
its really propaganda....
The adaptation this video describes has a name, EPIGENETICS, an inbuilt system in all living organisms that governs gene expression. It is today known that even the changes in the beak size and form of the famous Galapagos Finches are not evolutionary changes in the traditional sense, but due to rapid epigenetic adaptation. These adaptive changes are also reversible.
The video does refer to “adaptation” several times, but mixes it up with “evolution”, which is a completely different concept.
@@KARAIsaku incorrect
My dad and I always said evolution is amazing, but it's not perfect. It makes a solution good enough for the situation. Not perfect for it.
where I live, a decade ago it was extremely common in the spring for sparrows to make nests on roof tiles. Now I haven't seen a nest like this in 3 years or so.
What happens is, I live in a poor area and most houses have cheap roof tiles that don't insulate heat at all, but help during harsh winters and are hail-resistant enough. Its undulated shape makes easy nesting places for sparrows and they used to build nests there in the spring, but when summer arrived the tiles would get extremely hot and would cook the chicks until they jumped off too early and got eaten by dogs. That probably gave the sparrows that avoided roofs for nesting an advantage and now all of them make their nests in places like trees.
Also, in a town 4 hours away from here the sparrows have way more contrasting patterns while the ones here have more grayish, muted colors. That town is way less urbanized than here, so my guess is: more humans = more cats = more predation = more need for camouflage rather than attracting mates
Theres a lot of other physical and behavioral changes on birds here as the years pass, but I haven't quite figured out all of them yet.
Although you don't sound cool like how I remember Bill Nye when I was younger, you did a great job at keeping my interest and attention. Great job!
I might add Cheetahs as an example of this at least in three behavioral sense. Cheetahs have been shown to be adapting into pack animals as opposed to solitary feline hunters in real time. I'm not sure of this is the same kind of hyper speed evolution you were talking about in this video but I think it is the coolest example.
That also sounds like a cultural and psychological change, which is interesting
@@celinak5062 lmao cheetah culture
octopus too - which has SERIOUS potential to lead to further evolution, since octopus are largely held back my solitary life, after their parents dying to give birth to them & so being unable to pass on any learned knowledge, each generation having a reset - until humans cause them to create "octopus cities" where they can learn from other octopus :)
Lilac Lizard octopi are extremely vulnerable to brain damage because of their lack of a skull. Squid have a donut shaped brain that actually has its esophagus run through the middle and can give themselves brain damage if they try to swallow something too large. These are a couple of the reasons that hold them back from becoming more intellectually advanced.
@@jakeapplegate6642 octopus also have multiple networked brains, one in each tentacle & the ability to regrow tentacles & brains in them & we don't yet understand exactly what information is relayed between these brains & in what way, so even if they were prone to brain damage (which is highly questionable) that certainly doesn't indicate a likely obstruction to intellectual advancement, I mean humans have a tendency to get bruising or swelling in their brain that leads to brain damage due to the hard skull crushing the brain when it happens, along with a tendency to desire sports like football that are of high risk in causing thee concussions. octopus avoid all these issues with their lack of skull & also avoid limits on potential brain size
Harsh environments really does help in evolving to be a better being.....
Guess it's time to go back to my parent's place
When in tough times tough men come into being.
When in easy times weak men come into being.
I remember learning about the evolution of the melanistic peppered moth as a response to the industrial revolution, which took place over decades, when I was at school (many, many years ago!) Once the various clean air acts were passed it began to return to the original colour.
The peppered moth story given by past evolutionists is a proven hoax, just like so many other stories that have been concocted to push the evolution myth... like Haeckel's embryos, the Tasaday Tribe, Piltdown Man, Nebraska Man, etc..
Its definitely cool how rapidly a species can evolve, however i thought you might use the birds on the galapagos islands as a reference and how noticeably their beaks changed
Didn’t you teach me stuff on that other channel? Like crash course saved me during my undergrad. I feel like you did and thank you.
Both hank and his brother John host crash course 😌
I swear there was a kind of white moth that liked to land on white trees. When a factory was built nearby and soot began covering the trees, more and more black individuals began appearing until they were dominant.
This is either real, or me remembering a GCSE science example.
It's real.
You're probably thinking of the peppered moth, Biston betularia. It was probably the first case of evolution that was studied as it happened, which is why it became so famous and extensively used in biology textbooks. (*Over*-used, in my opinion.)
It's not a unique case, though. The phenomenon is known as industrial melanism, and has been studied in various species. In some cases we even know which specific genes were involved in the color change.
They accidentally release this yesterday, and then took it back 😂😂😂😂
I wondered if anyone else noticed!
I think everyone subscribed to them noticed this.
That explains the deja Vu
@@d.lawrencemiller5755 I noticed that some one else noticed and asked about it yesterday.
Yeah I could almost hear someone screaming in the background when I got the notification. "OMG you just released next weeks show. Make it private, MAKE IT PRIVATE!"
Oh Hank i love your channel but my adhd makes if very hard to keep up with ur speedy docs i wish u guys could do slower paced single subjects/species at a time
Last time I came this early, life had not yet evolved.
@Peter There is no god.
@Peter I celebrate christmas without jesus. I rather spend time with friends and family than worshiping a unprovable being.
@Peter Can you prove that I will?
@Peter That is not proof that it will happen. Prove it.
@Peter How do you know which "hell" is real? Maybe Islam is right and you will go to theirs? That's why I don't believe in any.
Mutants and mushrooms of Chernobyl: Are we a radioactive joke to you ?!
I'm just imagining giraffes with red and white stripe patterning, so as to avoid being hit by planes
12:30 Yes that type of rapid evolution you mentioned is quite common for bacteria and viruses unfortunately for us.