PCs don't work at the speed of light. They work at the speed of the electromagnetic field through copper and semiconductors. Regardless, it doesn't matter how fast CPU architecture gets, there's always a software developer somewhere that will write terrible Python code to negate any performance gains.
These are the sort of projects we meed more of ! Forget about vanity buildings for oil barons in the Middle East, we need mega projects to advance science
You mean oil Princes and kings. They're actual royalty instead of the self-made oil barons of yesteryear. As long as royalty rules in the ME, we'll never get them to sign off on real progress in the sciences. With their money and motivated youth, the Islamic golden age of science could actually be brought back.
Oh HELL NO! Veritasium is literally the Elon Musk of science youtubers! Always the most insane clickbaity nonsense claims that the clueless rubes will fall for, and then when someone calls him out, he will say he always totally meant it in a different way, doubling down on his nonsense while gaslighting you into “understanding” it into something that was already known and often even literally previously said as a counter-argument to his claims! On top of that, he’s further down the uncanny valley that functioning psychopaths end up in, than anyone else I’ve ever seen! His mannerisms are so fake and alien, because they don’t come natural but are memorized and consciously acted out, it’s seriously creepy!
I’ve worked on this project and if you get the chance there’s a great little museum above the mine that explains what they do. It is a great use of an existing mine. They also have shirts that say Nerds searching for Wimps, Sanford labs at the Homestake mine. (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs))
@@jameswilson5165 If you already knew the answer that'd be a lot cheaper, but unfortunately we don't have that luxury. The US could also let other countries make the scientific breakthroughs and slowly fall behind in technological development, that would also certainly be cheaper.
Plywood is a high-tech cost-effective composite. It preceeded glass and carbon composites by only a few decades, and was almost immediately used to make high-speed navy torpedo boats. One of many advanced materials that did not exist for most of human history, but because our parent's used it we take it for granted 😂
In 2014 my son and I and his scout troop visited the Soudan mine in northern Minnesota. 5000 feet down we visited the then Far Detector for the Fermi Lab. It was also detecting neutrinos and there was another detector trying to find Dark Matter. So very COOL!!
Yes I was going to mention this mine. I grew up near there and that neutrino detector has been in operation for something like 30 years. I was wondering why he did not mention this part of the experiment.
Oh pish Tosh, 😝 It’s nothing compared to all those little tunnels connecting all of our military bases come on now get real this is nothing ha ha ha ha
This was a really great video Fred. I appreciated the science that you were trying to explain in the video as well. I think you did a great job on this content even down to the often very skippable sponsored content that some people often do. The way you tried to even make the sponsored content worth watching by not just showing a bunch of B-roll from the sponsor was appreciated.
I like to imagine in the distant future, the far detectors are somehow forgotten. And during a survey they find these enormous halls hidden deep beneath the earth with weird relics. And ponder what they could have been used for.
Archaeologists now think the subterranean caverns were a burial chamber for the great dynasty of the bil-yon'aires, a family of great wealth and prominence that ruled all aspects of society at the time.
After pondering, the premier minds of the day might conclude the GIANTS built them. Although, I might believe that actual giants from our past might have built some stuff. Or, perhaps they would conclude built for ceremonial purposes. Offerings to the gods.
Fred's statement that Fermilab is just outside of Illinois made me chuckle. Just outside of Illinois could be Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Kentucky, Indiana or Lake Michigan, but Fermilab is in none of those places. Fermilab is just outside of Batavia Illinois which is squarely within Illinois. To be more precise Fermilab is between West Chicago and Batavia, and their official address is Batavia IL.
This is a scientific project so it's not all that important where it is. Most viewers don't live in the United States or know that much about 'Murican geography, so all people really need to know is that from the middle of the USA it is a bit to the right and then up a bit. The video relayed that, so it's good enough for me. 🙂
@@Dave_Sisson Some people might want to look up these places on a map. Some might find it interesting that Lead, SD is the sister city to Deadwood frequented by wild west characters like Wyatt Erp, Calamity Jane and Wild Bill Hickock. In fact Wild Bill met his demise in Deadwood while playing poker with a sore loser. Coincidentally, Hickock was born and raised in Homer (now Troy Grove) Illinois about 70 miles south west of Fermilab. Lead and Deadwood (sometimes collectively referred to as Lead-Deadwood) were a prime source of Black Hills gold. The Mount Rushmore monument is about 50 miles south of Lead. Fermilab is about 40 miles west of Chicago (not to be confused with West Chicago which is a short hop from the north-east corner of the Fermilab property). Directly east of Fermilab is Winfield Township and then a little further east is Winfield proper, the site of DuPage Central Hospital where I was parted from my appendix.
I have walked around the circular beam tunnel at Fermilab before it was first commissioned as part of the Tevatron with the goal to increase the luminosity of that beam. As you walk, the huge neutrino tunnel splits away on a tangent and dives down at a fairly steep angle pointing through the earth at the far detector. Just that alone is pretty awesome to see. The caverns up at the far detector must be just incredible and amazing. Really nice work on this video, It’s so important that we see the science presented so well. Thanks for this.
Illinois, 34 miles west of Chicago in Batavia. Batavia is also the windmill capital of the world because back in the day, there were many windmill manufacturers. @@nevergiveup-db6fp
Perhaps if the US had working thorium breeder reactors, and a full nuclear waste recycling program, along with nuclear space propulsion, I could see spending this amount of money, time, and effort (budget was not mentioned but this neutrino detector must be in the billions, with running cost at $20m+ per year) on projects that answer "the big questions" but when basic spaceflight like probes carrying robots, and more space telescopes can't get funding, it seems odd to me that so much money is put into CERN, Fermilab, and Japanese neutrino detectors.
You can't use the words neutrons and neutrinos interchangeably. They are fundamentally different particles, with neutrons actually being massive in comparison to neutrinos
It rather depends what exactly is being measured, point-to-point. The main level for science is the '4850 Level', which can be accessed through the Yates and Ross shafts. At 1,490 meters (4,890 ft), SURF is the deepest underground laboratory in the U.S. Two main underground campuses, the Davis Campus and the Ross Campus, host experiments on the '4850 Level'. The Ross and Yates shafts run from the surface to below the '4850 level'. The deep labs protect sensitive experiments from cosmic radiation, and Homestake is up to 8,000 feet deep. Shafts called "winzes" connect the '4850 level' to deeper levels. Since it was sealed shut in 2003, Homestake had been slowly filling with water until 2008 after which the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA) began pumping it out. The high-water mark was 4,530 feet underground and in the late morning of May 18 2009 the water level had been lowered more than 320 feet, reaching 2 inches below '4850 level'.
I worked for Homestake in the 70s at a silver mine in So. CO. I was able to visit the "home" mine in Lead. It was the deepest mine in the world before So. Africa started operations. There is another internal winze that goes down to the 8000' level, 3000' below sea level. I saw this project many years ago when they were looking for a safety professional, as I am one with over 40s experience. When I looked at the project, it clear that they weren't looking for someone with experience but with a high level degree to work with "Drs" that were working on the project. Never the less, it was interesting so see that the old gold mine was being used. Thank you for this video explaining this portion of the project!!!
Well, Neutrinos are electrically neutral so you cannot force them around corners using magnets. They go in a straight line. I don't know how you produce Neutrinos but it could be correct that they produce them from protons.
This video was done so well. I have been watching for quite some years now, and I have to say, it is impressive what these videos are like now! Nice job!
I dig the videos on big science projects- their size, uniqueness, and scientific purpose make them educational in more ways than just construction and engineering. Cheers!
"Just one more accelerator and we'll solve physics for real this time dude. Come on man just one more accelerator." Super cool, I was able to tour Fermilab years ago and see Tevatron up close, glad to see they are still doing cutting edge science there.
Except to attract funding, why assume that at any point the universe will stop delivering surprises, discoveries and phenomena not predictable with existing theories of their time? So far, the field only got deeper and richer, kept expanding with an incessant flow of advances.
This project has been going on for decades. The incremental funding is not that much in the big scheme of things. I speak from experience that the real crunch will come at the very end of the construction phase when they ask for the funding to purchase the bazillion gallons of Argon to start operating the facility and see if it was all for naught. I am not real familiar with the project, but hopefully, they have put a lot of thought into end-game financing.
Usually some philanthropy comes through at the last minute, as it did with RHIC. Anyway, argon isn't exactly scarce, its a byproduct of most air distillation and comes out of natural gas as well, given they're in South Dakota im sure someone oil industry related will want a tax write off
Because a gold mine doesn't care about scientists using their empty holes in the ground while 1000's of private property owners do care about a train being run through their property and have legal protections to make it a nightmare for any would-be developer. Clearly the engineering challenges of high speed rail is a solved problem. NIMBYs are not.
Oh if only you knew how much our rail system needs upgrading, with local spurs, blue cities with poor infrastructure, etc. You'd realize why it hasn't been built yet (it'll connect nothing to nothing). You have to build the end points out first. California's is quite a boondoggle, something I hope they manage to overcome (remains to be seen). Brightline West looks far more promising, and that's a private project. You should inquire with them, they may have answers for you.
I remember touring Fermilab back in the late 90's - i don't remember going down to the collider back then, but I remember touring the building. It had a lot of history, info and miniatures of the collider and such, museum-style. Really cool! Back then, the public could drive thru the complex to get to the other side (Wilson St. to Eola). Of course, those thru-roads have been closed for some time now. Everytime I hit the Butterfield-Eola intersection and see the gates, it always reminds me of that!
I noticed that too, and that while you can say something is outside a city or town, it doesn't really apply to states, saying that something is "outside" Illinois is weird. You could say "outside the Illinois BORDER", but even that is irregular.
I remember having lunch one day at work at Fermilab, and sitting at the table behind me was Nobel Prize winner Leon Lederman. I wanted to say hi, but was too afraid to say something profoundly dumb in front of a genius.
Haha! Did not expect to see my workplace on here today! Funny reading all the comments taking guesses of finances or argon concerns that are already determined. The viewers here cannot understand the sheer size of these caverns in person.
I’ve spent years chasing answers in documentaries, podcasts, even ancient texts-and none of it hit me the way The Obscured Principles book by Dorian Caine did. It’s like it was written for the few who are ready to break the illusion and remember who they really are.
No, it's on purpose, they are shooting the neutrinos through the earth to South Dakota, to see if there are differences between the oscillation of neutrinos and antineutrinos, which will only happen after they have a while to fly and swap between types
I took a tour of the Homestake mine in Lead many years ago. Got to go inside the headworks. The machinery is massive! Our tour walked around the outside of the building and I noticed a pile of broken drill cores on the ground. I as the guide if I could take some pieces and was told yes. The interesting thing about the cores is they are very heavy from their size. I asked about that and was told it is because on the compression of the rock at depth makes the cores heavier.
I skipped the ad read but then i realized it was sponsored by AMD and I rewound it to see what they had to say. I currently have a surface pro 3? (i think?) as my laptop and it's not bad but the one in that video looks soooo nice 🤤 I love that you're covering science projects. PLEASE do more
Yeah, neutrons are important in Nuclear specifically as Nuclear Reactors are essentially neutron generators via fission chain reaction. Neutrinos are completely different.
This project must be costing an astonishing amount of money. I wonder how it is being funded. Still, big science is vital to understanding the world around us and thank god Fermilab managed to finance this project.
I have a theory but to share would be guaranteed ridicule and derision. And I'm just too old now for dealing with the emotional stress of mob trolling.
"This project must be costing an astonishing amount of money" Hope Trump isn't watching. As if. "We.are paying how much, to hopefully find something we can't see"?
Fermilab is part of the Department of Energy and Trump learned not to touch the DoE during his last administration when I assume someone slowly and painfully explained to him in small words that our entire nuclear stockpile not abruptly turning into big shiny balls of energy means keeping it funded. Defunding the DoE was one of those things Republicans walked back real fast after they put a political appointee in charge of it instead of a PhD. All the sudden they learned the Energy part of the name is a polite political euphemism. Watching Rick Perry give interviews during his first couple of weeks at the DoE was a cathartic experience for me. The man looked shook, he thought the DoE was electricity generation.
Very much not. Your archaic superstitions haven't proven accurate so far. All the things you silly geese thought was godmagic have turned out to be natural phenomenon. Like lightning. Not once have we found magic at the bottom of anything yet. Think we'll stick to empirically derived results, thank you.
Anyone else kind of annoyed the U.S. has money and will to build this, but not more high speed rail. Like come on I want the N700 from Japan going from Dallas to Fort Worth already!
Projects like this are a whole lot easier than high speed rail. This just needs a lot of money. High speed rail needs a whole lot of people to agree on things.
Brill video as usual. Can anyone enlighten me on a few things?? How much money is it costing 💰💰💰? Who is paying for it? What do they hope to achieve and why???
Your last question is essential. What's the end goal which will benefit humanity if we understand Neutrinos? I love technology, but this seems to be a huge expensive effort with no clearly stated benefit to humanity. Knowledge? Certainly, but what will this knowledge bring to the table to alter our lives one iota?
It’s been years since I studied physics but I still find these things interesting.I,like you,am wondering what exactly they hope to achieve that will really change our understanding of anything.I assume this will help answer a few questions about something but what exactly are the questions they’re trying to answer?
Keep in mind that particle physics is a mathematical construct based on the assumption that physical phenomena can be explained by mathematical equations. At the end of the day, elementary particles are defined as solutions to particle and wave equations. The very fact that physics requires the existence of quanta, which are neither, suggests that there is something fundamentally wrong with the entire concept. In short, reality is not based on numbers. Numbers are just a way of attempting to _describe_ reality. To attempt to explain reality using those mathematical descriptions is, in a word, bonkers.
@@stefanfrankel8157 I think you're responding to the wrong comment, mate. Unitazer is making a reference to the US LHC style supercolider it walked back on halfway through back in the 90's. Also, you have a shit grasp of physics. Scientists are aware they're approximations. They just happen to be really good ones. You think you're so goddamned clever come up with something better. ACTUALLY better. No yogisms or metaphysical bullshit.
Maybe University's will have to use some of the billions they are hoarding? Once 20 million freeloaders are deported, the thriving economy will once again support these projects? Golden age is here.
@@bradrock7731 BWHAHAHAHAHAHAHAAHAHAHAHA Do you actually BELIEVE that? How preciously naive. How adorable. You've locked yourself in for the mother of all soul crushing disappointments. I wish I could be there to witness the slow realization you've been had as it creeps across you.
@@brianhirt5027 Your right it has nothing to do with science. But it does has to do with united states as a whole. Things like priorities and the funds they are using. I love science and it's exciting what they can do. I was just making a statement of my opinion. Otherwise dont forget to hit the like button lol. ✌
No they don't. And no it's not. Other countries problems are not our problems. We can't help them unless our country is perfectly fixed first. We need this. More logging, more drilling, and more mining. It's long overdue. It's about damn time. We need to make America Great Again! Stop being lazy. Get to work!
If you want a PC that works at the speed of light, check out the free Test Drive Program for the Ryzen AI Pro 👉 bit.ly/4dMP3fN
spam
CERN says there is a lot less antimatter.
Tell AMD their website is impenetrable
PCs don't work at the speed of light. They work at the speed of the electromagnetic field through copper and semiconductors. Regardless, it doesn't matter how fast CPU architecture gets, there's always a software developer somewhere that will write terrible Python code to negate any performance gains.
link takes you to some information page about threadripper cpu's. not the test drive program
These are the sort of projects we meed more of ! Forget about vanity buildings for oil barons in the Middle East, we need mega projects to advance science
Surprised DOGE hasn't cancelled it
@@sleepyjay2664: Trump thinks he can personally benefit.
@@eattherich9215He lives rent free in your head 24/7/365. 🤣🤣🤣🤣
@@sleepyjay2664 Hey, keep politics out Sleepy :) But I completely agree with your comment.
You mean oil Princes and kings. They're actual royalty instead of the self-made oil barons of yesteryear. As long as royalty rules in the ME, we'll never get them to sign off on real progress in the sciences. With their money and motivated youth, the Islamic golden age of science could actually be brought back.
B1M is becoming more and more like Veritasium, and I'm all for it!
But in a good way.
Tom Scott but (more) for engineering and science
Except Fred is not a knob head.
And with a presenter who isn't oozing with arrogant self-importance
Oh HELL NO! Veritasium is literally the Elon Musk of science youtubers!
Always the most insane clickbaity nonsense claims that the clueless rubes will fall for, and then when someone calls him out, he will say he always totally meant it in a different way, doubling down on his nonsense while gaslighting you into “understanding” it into something that was already known and often even literally previously said as a counter-argument to his claims!
On top of that, he’s further down the uncanny valley that functioning psychopaths end up in, than anyone else I’ve ever seen! His mannerisms are so fake and alien, because they don’t come natural but are memorized and consciously acted out, it’s seriously creepy!
I’ve worked on this project and if you get the chance there’s a great little museum above the mine that explains what they do. It is a great use of an existing mine. They also have shirts that say Nerds searching for Wimps, Sanford labs at the Homestake mine. (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs))
Isn't Japan doing the same?
Yeah Japan's Super K detector was mentioned several times in the video.
@@ryszardfalkowski7917 No, Japan's system is on a much smaller scale. 🙂
The B1M turning into a science channel was not on my bingo card this week
This isn't science. It's boondogling and guessing at Taxpayer expense.
@@jameswilson5165 If you already knew the answer that'd be a lot cheaper, but unfortunately we don't have that luxury. The US could also let other countries make the scientific breakthroughs and slowly fall behind in technological development, that would also certainly be cheaper.
@@jameswilson5165Grandpa? Is that you?? 😂😂😂
@@jameswilson5165 agreed. scientists need to focus on fusion, batteries and removal of plastic from our lives.
@@pass-the-juice Luckily this isnt mutually exclusive
13:12 I absolutely love the fact that we use plywood in the most high-tech scenarios possible
Gotta save money somewhere lol
Plywood is a high-tech cost-effective composite. It preceeded glass and carbon composites by only a few decades, and was almost immediately used to make high-speed navy torpedo boats. One of many advanced materials that did not exist for most of human history, but because our parent's used it we take it for granted 😂
its like B2 spirit mechanics using high school grade goggles to fix the plane
Kinda similar to how it's used in the fastest racing cars too :D
I bet you own stock in a plywood company! 🤣
This is a awesome use for our old Homestake mine. I am glad its being put to a new use rather than abandoned.
Homestake filled with liquid argon, whoda thunk it?
We're building a detector and the neutrinos will pay for it.
LOL
There are only 2 genders, matter and antimatter!
I see what you did there. 😂
In 2014 my son and I and his scout troop visited the Soudan mine in northern Minnesota. 5000 feet down we visited the then Far Detector for the Fermi Lab. It was also detecting neutrinos and there was another detector trying to find Dark Matter. So very COOL!!
Yes I was going to mention this mine. I grew up near there and that neutrino detector has been in operation for something like 30 years. I was wondering why he did not mention this part of the experiment.
@@michfletcher5635I recently went to their website. It has been decommissioned apparently.
We need a detector to find intelligent life on earth.
Did anyone tell those with claustrophobia to stay home?
@@stefanfrankel8157 Pretty sure they won't find any in the youtube comment sections! Heh..Heh
Ok this is another insane project, the engineering and construction behind it is simply amazing, great video
The scale of excavating the far detector at 4,850 meters is astonishing, especially considering the historical context of the Homestake mine!
7:11 "at level 4850"
7:29 "at 1475 meters under ground"
The 4850 number is either feet or just another way MAGA inflates general accomplishments.
The amount of _heat_ in the cave walls must be astonishing. I can't even imagine the size of the cooling system required.
Oh pish Tosh, 😝
It’s nothing compared to all those little tunnels connecting all of our military bases come on now get real this is nothing ha ha ha ha
@@shockingguyput the meth down
😂@@jtorola
This was a really great video Fred. I appreciated the science that you were trying to explain in the video as well. I think you did a great job on this content even down to the often very skippable sponsored content that some people often do. The way you tried to even make the sponsored content worth watching by not just showing a bunch of B-roll from the sponsor was appreciated.
I like to imagine in the distant future, the far detectors are somehow forgotten. And during a survey they find these enormous halls hidden deep beneath the earth with weird relics. And ponder what they could have been used for.
😮😮 Wait a minute... What just got detected under the pyramids?
I predict they will think aliens built it..👽
This sounds like a Stellaris anomaly.
Archaeologists now think the subterranean caverns were a burial chamber for the great dynasty of the bil-yon'aires, a family of great wealth and prominence that ruled all aspects of society at the time.
After pondering, the premier minds of the day might conclude the GIANTS built them. Although, I might believe that actual giants from our past might have built some stuff. Or, perhaps they would conclude built for ceremonial purposes. Offerings to the gods.
Fred's statement that Fermilab is just outside of Illinois made me chuckle. Just outside of Illinois could be Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Kentucky, Indiana or Lake Michigan, but Fermilab is in none of those places.
Fermilab is just outside of Batavia Illinois which is squarely within Illinois. To be more precise Fermilab is between West Chicago and Batavia, and their official address is Batavia IL.
He simply misspoke, he obviously meant "outside Chicago".
@@MrWyzdum It was still funny and when engineers misspeak things fall down.
This is a scientific project so it's not all that important where it is. Most viewers don't live in the United States or know that much about 'Murican geography, so all people really need to know is that from the middle of the USA it is a bit to the right and then up a bit. The video relayed that, so it's good enough for me. 🙂
@@Dave_Sisson Some people might want to look up these places on a map. Some might find it interesting that Lead, SD is the sister city to Deadwood frequented by wild west characters like Wyatt Erp, Calamity Jane and Wild Bill Hickock. In fact Wild Bill met his demise in Deadwood while playing poker with a sore loser. Coincidentally, Hickock was born and raised in Homer (now Troy Grove) Illinois about 70 miles south west of Fermilab. Lead and Deadwood (sometimes collectively referred to as Lead-Deadwood) were a prime source of Black Hills gold. The Mount Rushmore monument is about 50 miles south of Lead. Fermilab is about 40 miles west of Chicago (not to be confused with West Chicago which is a short hop from the north-east corner of the Fermilab property). Directly east of Fermilab is Winfield Township and then a little further east is Winfield proper, the site of DuPage Central Hospital where I was parted from my appendix.
@@Paul_Hanson .... yeah and don't even get me started with the Pauli contractions
I believe the phrase is “there’s more than gold in them thar hills”…the “them thar” is pivotal lol
_“Folks ’round ’ere are from ’round ’here!”_ - Eddie Izzard
I have walked around the circular beam tunnel at Fermilab before it was first commissioned as part of the Tevatron with the goal to increase the luminosity of that beam. As you walk, the huge neutrino tunnel splits away on a tangent and dives down at a fairly steep angle pointing through the earth at the far detector. Just that alone is pretty awesome to see. The caverns up at the far detector must be just incredible and amazing.
Really nice work on this video, It’s so important that we see the science presented so well. Thanks for this.
What state is that in?
Illinois, 34 miles west of Chicago in Batavia. Batavia is also the windmill capital of the world because back in the day, there were many windmill manufacturers. @@nevergiveup-db6fp
@@nevergiveup-db6fp Illinois
Perhaps if the US had working thorium breeder reactors, and a full nuclear waste recycling program, along with nuclear space propulsion, I could see spending this amount of money, time, and effort (budget was not mentioned but this neutrino detector must be in the billions, with running cost at $20m+ per year) on projects that answer "the big questions" but when basic spaceflight like probes carrying robots, and more space telescopes can't get funding, it seems odd to me that so much money is put into CERN, Fermilab, and Japanese neutrino detectors.
You can't use the words neutrons and neutrinos interchangeably. They are fundamentally different particles, with neutrons actually being massive in comparison to neutrinos
I know !what happened? Do you wanna present some sort of scientific discussion and you missed that point?
I respect a channel that is upfront with sponsorship 👌🙂
Thanks!
6:09 Is there a “wherever you are” detector?
Dude I remember years ago having never seen Fred’s face. Now i look forward to it, the channel has grown and changed so much. Keep it up 👍
Never did i ever expect to hear about the baryon assymmetry here!
It’s great that you’re explaining some of the fantastic work happening here in South Dakota.
7:11 Kinda confusing conversion there. The level is 4850 in feet but in meters is 1478m
It rather depends what exactly is being measured, point-to-point. The main level for science is the '4850 Level', which can be accessed through the Yates and Ross shafts. At 1,490 meters (4,890 ft), SURF is the deepest underground laboratory in the U.S. Two main underground campuses, the Davis Campus and the Ross Campus, host experiments on the '4850 Level'. The Ross and Yates shafts run from the surface to below the '4850 level'. The deep labs protect sensitive experiments from cosmic radiation, and Homestake is up to 8,000 feet deep. Shafts called "winzes" connect the '4850 level' to deeper levels. Since it was sealed shut in 2003, Homestake had been slowly filling with water until 2008 after which the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA) began pumping it out. The high-water mark was 4,530 feet underground and in the late morning of May 18 2009 the water level had been lowered more than 320 feet, reaching 2 inches below '4850 level'.
Almost a mile deep - it's a fantastic achievement getting all that equipment down there. How's the geothermal gradient there?
@@htimsid I don't remember the name of the winze as I only visited there once. At the time it went down to the 8000' level, 3000' below sea level.
I worked for Homestake in the 70s at a silver mine in So. CO. I was able to visit the "home" mine in Lead. It was the deepest mine in the world before So. Africa started operations. There is another internal winze that goes down to the 8000' level, 3000' below sea level.
I saw this project many years ago when they were looking for a safety professional, as I am one with over 40s experience. When I looked at the project, it clear that they weren't looking for someone with experience but with a high level degree to work with "Drs" that were working on the project.
Never the less, it was interesting so see that the old gold mine was being used.
Thank you for this video explaining this portion of the project!!!
I lived in South Fork Colorado in the 70's. Are you talking about Creede Colorado?😊
6:32 Protons?
6:47 Neutrons‽
13:27 Neutrinos!
😂😂😂
The neutrons/neutrinos mixup is an easy mistake to make, I'll let that one slide. But saying protons? Oof
Well, Neutrinos are electrically neutral so you cannot force them around corners using magnets. They go in a straight line.
I don't know how you produce Neutrinos but it could be correct that they produce them from protons.
@@jpt3640 They do. But the two detectors are for neutrinos (which are detected indirectly, of course).
@@alterego3734 sure.. so there is no accidental mixup?
Well, except neutron neutrino
The first "picture" of the neutrino with the words "Not to scale" cracked me up!
This video was done so well. I have been watching for quite some years now, and I have to say, it is impressive what these videos are like now! Nice job!
This is truly mindboggling! Wow!
3:35 Excuse me sir, do you have a license for those guns?! 😂😂😂
Swiped
Why ???😮😮😮
I love this channel and Fred is the perfect guy to do these videos. Great work.
I know a guy who worked on borexino. Can't wait for first light.
This is awesome. Love this channel so much
I dig the videos on big science projects- their size, uniqueness, and scientific purpose make them educational in more ways than just construction and engineering.
Cheers!
That was a smooth sponser transition.
The Fermi lab isn't "just outside of Illinois" it is "just outside of Chicago" - IN Illinois.
I love this format!
The title is the plot of the Paradise tv show lol
I love a new B1M video with my coffee at lunchtime ☕ Fascinating subject guys 👍
Getting some Silo vibes from this project
I love the connection between construction and science. This is so fascinating! Love the video
Happy Wednesday
"Just one more accelerator and we'll solve physics for real this time dude. Come on man just one more accelerator."
Super cool, I was able to tour Fermilab years ago and see Tevatron up close, glad to see they are still doing cutting edge science there.
Except to attract funding, why assume that at any point the universe will stop delivering surprises, discoveries and phenomena not predictable with existing theories of their time? So far, the field only got deeper and richer, kept expanding with an incessant flow of advances.
This project has been going on for decades. The incremental funding is not that much in the big scheme of things. I speak from experience that the real crunch will come at the very end of the construction phase when they ask for the funding to purchase the bazillion gallons of Argon to start operating the facility and see if it was all for naught. I am not real familiar with the project, but hopefully, they have put a lot of thought into end-game financing.
Usually some philanthropy comes through at the last minute, as it did with RHIC. Anyway, argon isn't exactly scarce, its a byproduct of most air distillation and comes out of natural gas as well, given they're in South Dakota im sure someone oil industry related will want a tax write off
If we fully understand Neutrinos how will the benefit humanity exactly?
@@mikewurlitzer5217 It expands our understanding of fundamental physics, for starters.
Thanks for letting us know about the podcast, defo ‘my bag’ just added it to my rss 👌
Incredible. Mind blowing in fact
I just couldn’t help thinking why they can do this but not build a high speed railway
Because a gold mine doesn't care about scientists using their empty holes in the ground while 1000's of private property owners do care about a train being run through their property and have legal protections to make it a nightmare for any would-be developer.
Clearly the engineering challenges of high speed rail is a solved problem. NIMBYs are not.
they did build one below your feet just not for the public. see richard sauder and his books on underground bases.
"they" are, at minimum, 2 totally different sets of people, for starters
Oh if only you knew how much our rail system needs upgrading, with local spurs, blue cities with poor infrastructure, etc. You'd realize why it hasn't been built yet (it'll connect nothing to nothing). You have to build the end points out first. California's is quite a boondoggle, something I hope they manage to overcome (remains to be seen). Brightline West looks far more promising, and that's a private project. You should inquire with them, they may have answers for you.
This doesn't have to interact, or avoid interaction, with people, which cover the surface but not underground.
I remember touring Fermilab back in the late 90's - i don't remember going down to the collider back then, but I remember touring the building. It had a lot of history, info and miniatures of the collider and such, museum-style. Really cool! Back then, the public could drive thru the complex to get to the other side (Wilson St. to Eola). Of course, those thru-roads have been closed for some time now. Everytime I hit the Butterfield-Eola intersection and see the gates, it always reminds me of that!
Just outside of Chicago, it IS in Illinois. (Around 6 min in).
I noticed that too, and that while you can say something is outside a city or town, it doesn't really apply to states, saying that something is "outside" Illinois is weird.
You could say "outside the Illinois BORDER", but even that is irregular.
No way? 😂
I remember having lunch one day at work at Fermilab, and sitting at the table behind me was Nobel Prize winner Leon Lederman. I wanted to say hi, but was too afraid to say something profoundly dumb in front of a genius.
Seriously impressive engineering
We are going to Lead SD in October. We will have to check this out!
00:31 the dark side of the moon also receives sun light so is not that cold as you try to infer.
He didn't infer anything. A speaker can imply, causing a listener to infer. Therefore, you inferred.
@@DSTsucks ...and don't even get me started with Pauli expansion!
To much theories for my taste..big bang is just a theory but here is presented as fact
Fascinating video!! I'm looking forward to them finally turning it on and hopefully getting some answers!😊❤
Haha! Did not expect to see my workplace on here today! Funny reading all the comments taking guesses of finances or argon concerns that are already determined. The viewers here cannot understand the sheer size of these caverns in person.
Amazing project thank you for sharing.
Man these bots are getting quite annoying
Click the 3 dots menu and report them as spam.
@@pileofstuff It never seems to work. They disappear, but return . . .
@@GrandaddyO-E14 If you're the only one reporting it won't really work. It needs several people reporting it for RUclips to even notice.
Great video here. Please keep them coming 👍
I’ve spent years chasing answers in documentaries, podcasts, even ancient texts-and none of it hit me the way The Obscured Principles book by Dorian Caine did. It’s like it was written for the few who are ready to break the illusion and remember who they really are.
I love this book.
Or the delusional.
I love this book.
It just hit at the right time. Made me rethink a lot, honestly.
Damn… now I really need to read it.
ThanksFred for yet ANOTHER FASCINATING VID.
Having lots of RAM will help more than a stronger processor for those excessive browser tabs.
Super interesting I live in Illinois and never knew this is what is even happening Thank you!
6:09 New York is gone 💀💀💀💀
Lake York.
I'm so happy you told us that the nutrino wasn't to scale.
Did they find any more gold ?
This is some serious nerdcore and I'm digging it
They wanted to see what's there... After decades of digging apparently they found the answer: empty space :D
B1M dabbling in science illustration is a surprise, but a welcome one. :-)
Just outside of Illinois? Fermilab is in Illinois. I think you meat, just outside of Chicago.
Picky picky. Yeah, just outside Chi is probably what was meant.
I think you mean, just outside of Batavia.
Give him a break. He's not from the USA.
@@iluvatar3 right! and close to what used to be called marmion military academy.
No, it's on purpose, they are shooting the neutrinos through the earth to South Dakota, to see if there are differences between the oscillation of neutrinos and antineutrinos, which will only happen after they have a while to fly and swap between types
I took a tour of the Homestake mine in Lead many years ago. Got to go inside the headworks. The machinery is massive! Our tour walked around the outside of the building and I noticed a pile of broken drill cores on the ground. I as the guide if I could take some pieces and was told yes. The interesting thing about the cores is they are very heavy from their size. I asked about that and was told it is because on the compression of the rock at depth makes the cores heavier.
Antimatter I get, but why not call its counterpart unclematter?
That said, great work as always.
That's it, you're going in the accelerator
@@CardinalTreehouselol
that's a great dad joke. I'm stealing it.
I skipped the ad read but then i realized it was sponsored by AMD and I rewound it to see what they had to say.
I currently have a surface pro 3? (i think?) as my laptop and it's not bad but the one in that video looks soooo nice 🤤
I love that you're covering science projects. PLEASE do more
Neutrino or Neutron? You seem to use these terms interchangeably. Neutrons are easy to detect, Neutrino, well not so much.
Not just me then !
Yeah, neutrons are important in Nuclear specifically as Nuclear Reactors are essentially neutron generators via fission chain reaction. Neutrinos are completely different.
They're two different particles. I'm surprised he used the interchangeably, I didn't notice that.
I only noticed him misspeak neutrino as neutron one time.
Amazing the things that are being built, this project is absolutely incredible
This project must be costing an astonishing amount of money. I wonder how it is being funded. Still, big science is vital to understanding the world around us and thank god Fermilab managed to finance this project.
I was wondering how much energy it takes to distill and liquify all that argon and keep it cold ...
I have a theory but to share would be guaranteed ridicule and derision. And I'm just too old now for dealing with the emotional stress of mob trolling.
"This project must be costing an astonishing amount of money"
Hope Trump isn't watching.
As if.
"We.are paying how much, to hopefully find something we can't see"?
Fermilab is part of the Department of Energy and Trump learned not to touch the DoE during his last administration when I assume someone slowly and painfully explained to him in small words that our entire nuclear stockpile not abruptly turning into big shiny balls of energy means keeping it funded. Defunding the DoE was one of those things Republicans walked back real fast after they put a political appointee in charge of it instead of a PhD. All the sudden they learned the Energy part of the name is a polite political euphemism. Watching Rick Perry give interviews during his first couple of weeks at the DoE was a cathartic experience for me. The man looked shook, he thought the DoE was electricity generation.
Thanks for this! SOMEONE has to talk about stuff that is beyond the ken of the average person, and you do it well.
so many question will just lead to more questions .. there is no real answer that will satisfy humanity ..
I'm not usually for science. But this show is great.
Is this just the concept of the TV Show "Paradise" in its early stages?
"Dark side of the moon" is one of the most common mistakes someone can make about the moon
He meant the literal dark side, aka the side which is facing away from the sun 🙄
Great album
I wish they were able to speed it up I can’t wait to hear about the results.
1:10 Genesis one case closed
Very much not. Your archaic superstitions haven't proven accurate so far. All the things you silly geese thought was godmagic have turned out to be natural phenomenon. Like lightning. Not once have we found magic at the bottom of anything yet. Think we'll stick to empirically derived results, thank you.
amen
I went to school at South Dakota Mines, couple of my roommates did projects for Dune. Super cool to see the scale of the project.
So, the beam is fired thru the earth?
its not really a beam, a few atom sized partiles
YES.
@@gawkthimm6030 Yes it's a beam and not the size of atoms as the whole video is about neutrinos.
@@andymouse a beam is a continues stream, I dont think thats whats going to happen here...
@@gawkthimm6030 I'm sure you're right :)
Awesome build that, thanks for the video
This is where the rich people will hide when everything collapses!
they have their own bunkers already
Fred looking bigger than every megastructure I've ever seen him do a video on. Absolute UNIT
Anyone else kind of annoyed the U.S. has money and will to build this, but not more high speed rail. Like come on I want the N700 from Japan going from Dallas to Fort Worth already!
💯
Projects like this are a whole lot easier than high speed rail. This just needs a lot of money. High speed rail needs a whole lot of people to agree on things.
No NIMBY on this project coz its goes underground undetcted lol
05:33. Fermi Lab isn't 'just outside of Illinois '. Rather just outside Chicago, in the State of Illinois.
0:02 Is it a Stargate? Say it's a Stargate.
long time watcher, i love this channel. nice one guys x
Brill video as usual. Can anyone enlighten me on a few things??
How much money is it costing 💰💰💰?
Who is paying for it?
What do they hope to achieve and why???
Your last question is essential. What's the end goal which will benefit humanity if we understand Neutrinos? I love technology, but this seems to be a huge expensive effort with no clearly stated benefit to humanity. Knowledge? Certainly, but what will this knowledge bring to the table to alter our lives one iota?
Wow, we have so much money to spend underground but not above ground?
It’s been years since I studied physics but I still find these things interesting.I,like you,am wondering what exactly they hope to achieve that will really change our understanding of anything.I assume this will help answer a few questions about something but what exactly are the questions they’re trying to answer?
Are you all actually people? You're sounding very....robotic.
@@brianhirt5027I don’t think I’m a robot but I’m willing to learn
Link to full story doesn't seem to work.
Edit: Working now, thanks!
cant wait for it to be shut down and lose 10 years of scientific progress for the entire field due to budget cuts
Keep in mind that particle physics is a mathematical construct based on the assumption that physical phenomena can be explained by mathematical equations. At the end of the day, elementary particles are defined as solutions to particle and wave equations. The very fact that physics requires the existence of quanta, which are neither, suggests that there is something fundamentally wrong with the entire concept. In short, reality is not based on numbers. Numbers are just a way of attempting to _describe_ reality. To attempt to explain reality using those mathematical descriptions is, in a word, bonkers.
@@stefanfrankel8157 I think you're responding to the wrong comment, mate. Unitazer is making a reference to the US LHC style supercolider it walked back on halfway through back in the 90's.
Also, you have a shit grasp of physics. Scientists are aware they're approximations. They just happen to be really good ones. You think you're so goddamned clever come up with something better. ACTUALLY better. No yogisms or metaphysical bullshit.
Maybe University's will have to use some of the billions they are hoarding?
Once 20 million freeloaders are deported, the thriving economy will once again support these projects?
Golden age is here.
@@bradrock7731 BWHAHAHAHAHAHAHAAHAHAHAHA
Do you actually BELIEVE that? How preciously naive. How adorable. You've locked yourself in for the mother of all soul crushing disappointments. I wish I could be there to witness the slow realization you've been had as it creeps across you.
Great video thanks
They figured out how to detect particles and spend massive amounts of money doing it but we can't figure out how to feed and house the homeless.
Looks like lack of faith in God.
That's SOCIETIES job to figure out. Not scientists.
@@brianhirt5027 Your right it has nothing to do with science. But it does has to do with united states as a whole. Things like priorities and the funds they are using. I love science and it's exciting what they can do. I was just making a statement of my opinion. Otherwise dont forget to hit the like button lol. ✌
@@Looknorth802 Its all enormously complicated. I don't think it helps to overgeneralize or oversimplify it all in such a reductive manner. Just sayin.
Good one. Turned into science channel for a video.
Half the world goes to bed hungry at night. This is a colossal, obscene waste of human effort and money.
No they don't. And no it's not. Other countries problems are not our problems. We can't help them unless our country is perfectly fixed first. We need this. More logging, more drilling, and more mining. It's long overdue. It's about damn time. We need to make America Great Again! Stop being lazy. Get to work!
Good. Their population will stabilize to sustainable levels.
Great show, the excitement of science plus the challenge of construction.
At 6:48 you say neutrons instead of neutrinos.
Oh no, that really confused me too. Well, no it didn't. I understand a "slip of the tongue".
Great program.