Isotype, Allotype & Idiotype - What is the Difference?
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- Опубликовано: 25 ноя 2019
- Isotype, Allotype and Idiotype are antigenic determinants. We know that antigens that are proteins act as potent antigens and can induce the immune system. Similarly if you think about antibodies, they are glycoproteins so logically they also should be able to induce our immune system. Interesting, isn’t it? There are specific regions on antibodies which can induce the immune system. These regions on antibodies are called antigenic determinants.
These antigenic determinants fall under three categories: 1. Isotype, 2. Allotype and 3. Idiotype.
00:10 Introduction
02:07 Isotype: Iso = Same
Definition: Isotype antigenic determinants characterize the classes and subclasses of heavy chain and types and subtypes of light chains.
It is called isotype (iso = same) because all members of a given species expresses all the isotypes in the serum.
For example, all immunologically normal individuals will have all five types of antibodies present in their serum i.e. IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE and IgD.
Therefore, different species inherits different constant regions genes and thus expresses different isotypes.
So if take antibodies from one species and inject it in another species it would result in anti-isotypic antibody production.
Location: Constant region of heavy chain and light chain.
Observed: In all the individuals of a species (immunologically normal individuals).
Importance: To measure Ig levels,
To check for immunodeficiency,
In detection of B cell tumors.
12:05 Allotype: Allo = Different
Definition: Allotype antigenic determinants are specified by the allelic forms of the Ig genes.
Although all the members of a species inherit the same set of Ig genes, there would be multiple alleles present for these genes which code for different amino acids. That means the amino acid sequence for the same antibody heavy chain would be slightly different in you than in me.
So if we take antibodies from one member of the species and inject it into another member of the same species it will result in production of antibodies against allotypic determinants.
Location: Constant region of heavy chain and light chain
Observed: During blood transfusion
During pregnancy
Importance: Monitoring bone marrow grafts
Paternity testing
Forensic
19:10 Idiotype: Idio = Own or Peculiar
Definition: Idiotypes are the unique antigenic determinants present on variable heavy chain and variable light region of individual antibody molecules.
Location: Variable region of heavy chain and light chain.
Observed: When we inject antibodies from a donor who is genetically identical to a recipient, it induces production of anti-idiotypic antibodies. In genetically identical twins the isotype and allotype will be the same but the idiotype will be different.
Importance: Treatment of B cell tumors
Vaccines
Get the handout here: nowiknow.co.in/2017/04/25/isot...
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OMG You've made this so simple for even an undergrad like I can understand. Thank you so much
You're so welcome! Glad to know it helped 😇
Thank you soooooooo much. It really helped me to understand. Make like these videos more and more.
Best video,thank you ❤️
Excellent lecture! Very clear and elaborate explanation that is exactly needed to understand this confusing topic. Myself being a teacher is actually grateful to you for such a complete yet simple and easy-to-get lecture from this tricky part of immunology. Thanks a lot madam!!
I can understand all the topics of immunology but I can't understand this topic but your explanation is very nice ,thanks u mam.
I am glad it cleared your doubts 😇
Thank you so so much! All I was given in my Immunology class is just a general and vague definition of each type and you have helped me understand each and what's the difference between them in details! I love your examples, it has helped me a lot!
I'm so glad that video helped you in understanding the concept 😇 Than you for your feedback.
Vry nice
Good talk
Thank you.
Nice analysis mam
Thank you 😊
Mam what is the difference between antigen and immunogen n what will be the example?????
Follow this video to understand: nowiknow.co.in/2017/02/17/immunogenicity-antigenicity-difference/
Short note for the same here: nowiknow.co.in/2017/01/25/immunogenicity-vs-antigenicity/
Immunogens are molecule that is capable of eliciting an immune response.
Antigen are molecule that is capable to bind with product of immune response.
What is the difference between antigen and hapten????
Haptens are incomplete antigens which on their own cannot trigger immune response. In order to do so they must combine with a large carrier proteins.
Haptens are incomplete antigen ,they are inactive form in serum and when they bind with serum protein(carrier protein)they become active and induce immunu system .
In isotype if we take antibody from one member of the species and injected into another member of the same species should the production of antibody against the isotypic determinants???
No. If you inject from one to spp to another spp then it would.
Your voice is familiar to Shreya ghoshal's voice🤓
Oh my God 😄 I have never received such a comment, it’s a huge compliment 😇 Thank you very much 🙏🏻