Quantum Computing with Light: The Breakthrough?
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- Опубликовано: 7 июн 2024
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Correction to what I say at 10:36 -- The ions are of course positively charged. Sorry about that!
What if we could harness the power of photons to process information? We can! It's called photonic computing. It's one of the new approaches to quantum computing - and it's looking more and more likely that it could be the key to make quantum computers work.
It's not the only newcomer. In this video, we'll take a look at photonic computing and two other newcomers: optical tweezers and topological quantum computing. Maybe the breakthrough for quantum tech is just around the corner.
Make your new knowledge stick! This video comes with a quiz: quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/...
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00:00 Intro
00:22 Quantum Computing Recap
02:12 Front Runners
06:23 Newcomer #1: Photons
10:20 Newcomer #2: Atoms in Tweezers
12:48 Newcomer #3: Topological States
15:40 Summary
16:00 Learn Quantum Computing With Brilliant
#science #quantum #technology 
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Ma’am, I have learned more about physics by watching your channel than all my school years could ever provide. I just wanted to say a vey big thank you. Peter U.K.
Make your new knowledge stick! This video comes with a quiz: quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/1696490804059x651519756707102500
Did you reupload this video a bunch of times with different titles? I have a bot in our guild's Guilded server sharing your videos, and it bombarded us with this same video a bunch of times. And they all had different titles.
Hey Doc, I was gonna ask you to do a video about music and its relation to mathematics, if there is any. I'm no mathematician, but I'd bet my incisors that there is some relation. I know you like music and singing, I saw you singing Ode to Joy, and you have a very nice voice. I was impressed. I'm picturing nerdy little Sabine sitting by the turntable with headphones on and volume cranked to 11, zoning out to mom's Kraftwerk albums. [Maybe the end of Showroom Dummies in particular, it actually sent one of my friends into a trance.]
But I watched a video by some marxist asswipe criticizing the video you made ''why I think capitalism is good'' and I thought you oughta make a rebuttal video to shoot down his asinine arguments. I must've spent an hour defending you from all the nitwit casuists in the comments. They probably thought I have a crush on you, or something. Let 'em, because I do. But with your brilliant brain you could not only shoot down his arguments, you could blow them clear outta the fcuking sky. To really prove his point, he had to tweak a picture of you to make you look like a ghoul, and use frozen screenshots that make you look drunk. And with my cynicism, maybe I could help you throw in a few ad hominem shots, like how he's named after a load of spunk, or how he was born in a laboratory after his daddy jerked off into a petri dish. The junior arch criminals at my school would've driven him back to England in tears, with a name like ''Cockshott''. Paul Cockshott, to be exact. With a name like that, the possibilities are endless. I thought it was a joke at first, but I think that's his real name. I imagine all the thick heads of his subscribers exploding if you were to double down on why you like capitalism. OK, tschüssi.
@@HiddenPalm No, I only uploaded this video once. I did change the title (I almost always do)
@@HiddenPalm She frequently changes the titles to maximize engagement with the clickbait loving algorithms.
Even though I am not into quantum computing, I scored 24/26. I missed the 6th question, I answered that only Microsoft has worked on quantum qubits. 🎉🙂
Thank you Sabine. At 10:36 you mention that "ions are atoms that are missing some electrons so they are negatively charged". However, if one removes negatively charged electrons from neutral atoms, the resulting ions would be positively charged right?
Isn't that obvious?
Aren't we well beyond basic mistakes like this?
MY confusion starts when she describes "entanglement" as enabling quantum computing.
I had contracted the notions that (a) it is SUPERPOSITION on which QC relies; and (b) entanglement disrupts superposition.
What is the reality?
@@davedouglass438 Entanglement does not disrupt superposition. Entangled states are a specific kind of superposition state that can only be formed in multi-particle systems. You might be thinking of decoherence, which is the process of a quantum state decaying into noise. Quantum computing relies on being able to manipulate your system into any quantum state you choose. So both superposition states and entangled states are necessary for quantum computing.
Two ions are at a bar:
Cation: i think i lost an electron?!
Anion: are you sure?
Cation: yes, i'm positive!
@@jpt3640not all are as smart as you, Einstein
This was brilliant, thank you. I feel that I can trust the thoroughness of the research done and that you will talk about tradeoffs and not get swept up the hype of one technology.
Thank you, Sabine! Love your method of presenting the complex things.
0:21: 🔬 Quantum computing has made significant advancements since 2021, with the ability to calculate using entangled qubits for certain mathematical problems.
3:34: 🔬 Quantum advantage and utility are demonstrated through fast calculations and random distributions using quantum processors.
6:57: 🔬 The challenge for photonic quantum computing is to have reliable sources for single photons and to shrink down all the elements onto chips.
10:32: ! Atoms in tweezers are a variation of ion traps, but using neutral atoms instead of charged ions allows for more scalable 3-dimensional configurations.
14:14: 🔬 Multiple companies, including Microsoft and Google, are making progress in topological quantum computing, which could lead to easier scaling of quantum computers.
Recap by Tammy AI
Quantum computing calculated nothing. The only problem it ever solved it getting paid for BS level work.
You said "ions are atoms that are missing some electrons, so they're negatively charged." Wouldn't they be positively charged?
Metal ions are always positively charged. I know this because metal ions always accumulate on the negative electrode within an electrolysis setup. Non-metals reacting with metals tend to gain or share electrons to form anions which are typically negatively charged. It gets complicated as there are elements that are called metalloids and their characteristics fall somewhere between a metal and non-metal.
Thank you on behalf of a lay person curious about what's the next step in computing and all things exacting. You keep it real. Please keep up your interesting and current content.
Thank you for the video.
Thanks a bunch for the video and all the info, Sabine! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Thanks, it is a great and comprehensive review of QC !
Thank you for all your research Sabine. Great video! ^^
I LOVE your videos. They straight forward SCIENTIFIC FACTS with no BS or BIAS, mixed with some really hilarious subtle humor. Thank you so much, keep up the GREAT work 😁
SUBD 😉
Thank you very much Dr Hossenfelder! It is good summary of different quantum computing methods. Also, I like your jokes :)
Great summary! Would have loved your take on DWave's approach using quantum annealing!
Well i guess because they already at several 100k or 1M Qubits, but still had no luck to find a relevant problem that someone would use them to solve other then a prototype demonstrator and test batch for the technology how to scale up superconducting quantum bits.
@@Techmagus76 from what I've heard their latest Advantage System has 5k Qubits and - as the name suggests - has achieved Quantum Advantage. However it is somehow controversial, hence my interest on SH's take on the issue.
I talked about this in my 2021 video ruclips.net/video/OGsu5MIzruw/видео.html
Couldn't think of much to add and didn't want to repeat myself.
@@SabineHossenfelder thx Sabine. Or how we say in Germany: Danke Anke :)
Thanks for the update. I was curious what happened in the quantum computing hype bubble. :)
😅😂
@@BillHimmelV°`
Ok i am not the only one then. Thx
Very nice summary of the actual development and wow a lot is going on. Looks like we are now slightly above the first steep climb of the hypetrain, but have not reached the valley of tears and death.
The color of Sabina's Pullover is like quantum entanglement. You understand it when you see it, but you have a hard time describing it to others.
It's very scrumtrulescent
It's kinda one of the ugliest things I've ever seen lmao.
It doesn't fit her right at all either
Haha had same experience.
An hombre gradient, hot pink to medium gray. Done.
@@Deciheximalyes, but it’s ombre. An hombre would be a dude.
I always like and comment because you are terrific and seldom mention that I should like and subscribe (I am) and whenever you do, you do it with grace and intelligence.
Love that you treat us like we are not morons even if compared to you we are lacking.
Thank you for being brilliant and yet taking the time to explain things to laypeople. You are my Feynman.
I don't think I've ever subscribed to a channel or liked a video because someone told me to, so don't really see the point...
I subscribed to a channel because the fellow whispered. It never hurts to ask.
@@Bildgesmytheyeah, but you watch it? Its random. Nudging someone is not really getting a fan
@@SabineHossenfelderI regularly forget to like videos until it is mentioned by the presenter or I see it in a comment. By regularly, I mean almost every day. I’m not suggesting you should start reminding people to like & subscribe, just that there are probably a lot of people out here who forget to do it
Thank you Sabine!
Helluva compilation, Sabine! BRAVO ZULU!
Well done Sabine! It will be interesting to see which company comes up with the best Quantum Computing technological innovations going forward. I am certain that you will keep us well informed!
Ibm
Thanks Sabine, you have given me a new ambition, indeed I have already begun assembly of my first prototype Lego quantum computer. Thanks for letting me know where my competition is.
Thank you Sabine and Team, happily awaited
hi there 👋
now it's about time for me to greet you 😅 (since you did so last time.)
--
I started reading one very long thread on Sabine's last video (and replied to quite some; including you) but then got a tad overwhelmed with the amount of replies, lol.
my problem is that I simply have way too much to answer. so, I'm struggling where to start.
it was a highly interesting topic and I've equally highly different views than most of our fellow viewers (including you, but that shouldn't matter any-or so I hope 😅)
I'm still thinking about answering some of the questions that came up there. currently, it's a bit too one sided. so, it shouldn't hurt to add a bit of a balance onto the vacant other side of opinions ⚖️
@@HxTurtle Hi friend, happy about your "backreaction". As I said, I appreciated your defense of SH, cause, yes, it was one sided. She ´s a bit my hero, and I like to hear her opinion on all the topics, she picks, even if it differs from mine. Anyway, many of the commenters have factual arguments and don´t belong to the professional haters or idiological blinded ones. Sabine made two brave and honest attempts, to get it right, one was that pinned thread, the other one, I think, was the two weeks later vid about communication in social media and her role as "influencer". That was good. Three points, I´m personally still worried about:
1. She harmed herself and the reputation of her great and important work with that, that´s sad.
2. Her shot on Thunberg was an unrepaired mistake in my opinion, regardless of what that girl says about economy, and how substantial it is. If you claim "don´t trust her", most people will transfer it on her commitment about climate change, and Greta did a brave job in creating the fff-movement, that brought this existential problem in the minds of more people in the last decade. As you know, Sabine is committed and worried about that too. Well, Greta is not Elon Musk.
3. As you can see in the comments, she opened a political camp-thinking with that, that´s unworthy her free-thinking and open-minded spirit. It doesn´t solve problems, but creates new ones and seperates people instead of bringing them together.
Ok, this new video here is great again, I´m a bloody layman in that topic, but could follow and learned a lot. I enjoy my "parasocial" relationship with her. Have a nice and peaceful day.
This should get the message out in the mainstream. Sabine covered a lot of ground in this.
Pretty realistic picture of current events. Very interesting!
Great video as always!
As someone working on the field, it's always great to see a sobering take on the matter. There's so many advancements, but there is so *much* overhype and borderline scams that filtering out good information becomes difficult. And ... well, even if the progression is great, these advancements are *still* not enough to get an useful advantage.
Just gonna point out one quick thing. ColdQuanta renamed themselves Infleqtion late last year. As usual, the new name *has* to have a forced Q somewhere in it.
Thanks for pointing out, I'd missed that. Yes, the "Q" insertions are becoming quite a running gag.
In 2014, I worked at Los Alamos National laboratories, but not in physics. They already had several operational quantum computers. I've always wondered who made them and what their capacity was.
I know from spending time with Seth Lloyd from MIT, while he was at the Santa Fe Institute for 6 months, that the academics we're still at the level of one or two cubits and solving simple math problems. I wonder if these came from DARPA, Lockheed Martin Skunk Works or some other Black Ops program.
Thanks for shedding light on photon quantum computers.
I love how it went from Quantum Supremacy -> Quantum Advantage -> Quantum Utility
Just like the automobile.. but the utility alone is required to survive in the modern world. And humanity just becomes more enslaved to tech, unable to create anything that results in actual freedom to live. Quite the lunacy.
"Utility Scale" is industryspeak for "broadly usable". 1M Qbits, even with largely chip based photonic qbits, will require an entire datacenter and more than a Megawatt of power.
Thanks for the summary of the state of quantum computing. I found out about this approach in the 90s and wrote a summary paper on it as an undergrad. Back then just getting 2 or more qubits to maintain coherence was a huge fete and everyone was worried our encryption methods of the time would eventually become obsolete, so to see where we were then to where are are now is quite amazing.
at 10.40 you say that ions are atoms that are missing some electrons and they are negatively charged. But if you remove negatively charged electrons from an atom it should be positively charged.
300 years from now a student is going to build a lego quantum computer as a "show and tell" experiment just to spite that famous Nobel prize winner Sabine Hossenfelder.😊
U may come true...Someday...
"Ions are atoms missing some of their electrons, so they are negatively charged." Oops, silly mistake Sabine, they would, of course, be positively charged!
Oooops, of course an atom could also gain an electron (or even 2 electrons etc)
Sabine lives in a mirror-universe comfirmed!
@@PetraKann Yes, those are also ions. Sabine is clearly reading from a prompter, so whoever compiled the script is likely the culprit.
Great summary Sabina 👍🏾
Great update. Though I miss the telephone from the weekly news...
Best news channel on YT !
4:54 I'm doing my graduate thesis about Quantum Computing so by that point my mind had gone astray thinking about it so you actually got me by surprise when I heard "doodle" 😂
The vape video that was edited in was a really well physical explination for what you mean, and im sure its not a 100% as shown but made it easier for me to conceptualize in my head
I am so glad you’re in the world you give me joy
the topological approach is going to be very successful I think. The smoke-ring description is very apt, although I think more emphasis should be placed on describing the phenomenon as a tube, rather than a ring. In fact, I believe there's a kind of tractor effect with the way the boundary layer is 'replenished' by circulating in and out of the coherent entangled-particle base.
I have an idea this is how the now-stretched cosmic web 'pumps' information around the universe.
Yes, I agree, a smoke ring isn't a great analogy, but best I could think of.
@@SabineHossenfelder ...dude, you do better than any other scientist when it comes to metaphors, etc.
Me and my son have gleaned much from your youtubes. Ty
Love it, hooray Sabine!
Yay! New SH videos always make me happy! Are you writing any more books? I loved Lost in Math and Existential Physics. EP is probably the best book I've ever read. (PS, you accidentally pushed the 'o' button twice when writing 'Losers' in the title)
Been thinking about writing a new book but nothing concrete yet. Sorry about the typo, just fixed it
@@SabineHossenfelder Well I can't wait to see that! You're an amazing author!
You accidentally wrote "best book I've ever written" instead of "best book I've ever read."
@@SabineHossenfelder concrete - dry mix cement - dry humour
@@brothermine2292 Woops. Thanks, though! It's fixed now. Guess I'm just tired.
Thank you very much...
I too was looking for any status on DWave. Could you elaborate on them?
Hello, thank you for all the great content, very smart!
Wouldn't missing electrons make the ions positively charged? 10:37
Correct.
I'd say superconducting qubits have about 100 us coherence times on a good day (some better, some worse in IBM processors). Also, photonic chips use superconducting nanowires for single photon detectors, so they must be cooled far enough below the superconducting transition temperature of those detector materials, WSi or NbTiN, etc...
Usually I am very interested and can follow what is being discussed. In this case Sabine could have been giving a talk on the construction of magic wands and their variations in Hogwarts class of 'Advanced Infusion of magical artifacts'.
Really very useful overview! Even though I am currently in a Quantum engineering master's degree, I wasn't aware of all the latest advances in all these technologies. Thank you!
Why are you lying about yourself? ;-)
Well done Sabine.
Splendid !
excellent as usual. i was confused by the size of the field until i realized you were talking about a soccer field :)
The situation described at 3:15 exemplifies what often happens when a disruptive technology is introduced. While there may have been a bit of spin involved, I don't think that Google was gaslighting everyone on the comparison. Instead, often just the mere introduction of a disruptive technology can highlight areas for improvements in the incumbent technology. I suspect the Chinese scientists went back to understand how the Quantum computer was able to compute faster, and then took these ideas as guidance on how to improve a traditional computer and software. Voila! They are able to shrink the gap to quantum computing. Other examples of this technological phenomenon are the improvements in the efficiency of internal combustion cars after the advent of electric cars, and the improvement in the performance of passive suspensioned F1 cars after the introduction, and then banning of computer controlled active suspension F1 cars.
This is my new #1 favorite channel rn. Thank you for these pre-determined moments of laughter 😃 😅😂
This lady is brilliant her on way! thanks for sharing!
Quantum computing reminds me of the time I tried to implement halley's method to calculate the square root of a number. I managed to do it in about 1/2 the number of iterations than it would have taken using newton raphson, but the time it takes to compute the numerator and denominator of halley's means I could compute each iteration of newton raphson faster... So overall it ended up being a complete waste of time. Cool maths thing. Pointless when it came to implementation.
I use a calculator. It's pretty quick.
Sabine if by some luck you will be able to find an easy to understand use -case for qubits etc , that would be really cool episode ...
Before I forget, the same what was I going to say happens to me. It must therefore be normal. Great opening to quantum computing having the same problem. However, in my case, I made up a new story which I hope is not quantum computing's own response.
I enjoy the subjects you present. I love you wardrobe.
Sabine is back!
Right off the bat, I love the shirt!
Love that top! Super cute. The video was good too.
gosh, I feel old! can't understand any of it, but I still enjoy trying!!
Brilliant video as usual. On a side note, I've heard Sabine pronounce "Majorana" in several videos by using the "j" sound as in the English word "join". That is not how it is pronounced in Italian. That "j" stands for an "i" that serves as a semivowel as it is sitting between two other vowels. Thinking of that "j" as a "y" or an "i" (as in "mayorana" or "maiorana") should do the trick.
tbh I have never heard anyone pronounce it as Sabine does. I think everyone pronounces it as "mayorana", might be wrong though
also weird she didnt mention anyons, not practical but most studied and the first thing that comes to find when speaking of topological qc
Nothing on semiconductor spin qubits?
The architecture of these qubits is very similar to conventional semiconductor transistors, therefore i feel like they have a lot of promise for scalability.
Would you ever do a video on Vopson's infodynamics and the simulated universe hypothesis? Thanks!
Thank you....
Is there any type of software for quantum computers yet ? Or at least a programming language
Yes. But not for those weird constraints every record claim seems to introduce.
I had an idea for a science fiction story involving Artificial Intelligence. (Quantum Computing?) If they made it into a movie the space craft would look something along the lines of the Avalon from the movie Passengers. The ship could only speed through the vastness of space with the aid of artificial intelligence that would accurately predict objects that would conflict with their flight path because no radar or other sensor could see far enough in advance to be useful. The premise would be that the artificial intelligence would sound an alarm and wake the crew with a warning of an impending collision. BUT.....simultaneously there would be a mechanical malfunction that keeps the ship from automatically taking evasive action. So what, you might ask? The trouble is that this occurrence is unprecedented in deep space travel over hundreds of years.....and the crew no longer has the skills to make the repairs. Thus, the rush is on to learn the skills and repair the ship before they collide with the object. All kinds of twists and turns possible there. At first the ships computer works against them.....because it is malfunctioning. They realize they need to wake certain passengers who might have the intelligence to help save the ship. They have to decide between one of two repair plans because they don't have the manpower or time to pursue both plans. Repair the A.I. so it can resume normal protective operations or learn to repair and pilot the ship themselves. Long story short......they fall short of the deadline to set things right. They prepare for the collision and their demise.
By then they have learned how to bring the surveillance systems alive and monitor their own doom. The screen images are generated through the ships computer. The object comes into view. It moves closer and closer. It looms large on the screen and impacts the ship......only nothing happens. The computer was wrong. There never was an object hurtling towards them. It was an erroneous prediction. The happy ending is that they learned how to learn again. How to be human and not children of artificial intelligence.
but yeah if you have such an interaction, then it does indeed make quentum computers different, it makes the correlations apear impossible as individual dice so to speak. just like it has to, so there is no conflict. you could build it out of legos that have their orientations physically connected until one of them is put into place somewhere and the interaction is changed or almost completely broken. but is that really lego anymore, or something way cooler, i thing its way cooler.
What I never understood, what do you do when the quantum state is destroyed? Do you have to physically open and reset the chip in some way (repair?) or is it just a matter of pressing restart in the specialized software?
You do the measurement process before that. You prepare the quantum state at the begin of each quantum run. Orchestration is classic.
Yes I got that far, but what after you are done? Before using the computer again? @@ArneChristianRosenfeldt
@sabinehossenfelder its a bit misleading to say we need a certain number of qubits to do useful things. If you factor in error rates, itll make more sense why ion traps have much lower qubits than superconducting qubits.
I like your pullover 👍🏻
can you do a video about cat qubits?
What is needed is a quantum computer calculation of electron density in the magnetar. Limits on density are a direct consequence of electron shell electromagnetic coherence.
The 20 mode quantum photonic chip is *not* a 20 qubit system. Typically you encode photonic qubits in the dual rail encoding, which means it'd be 10 qubits if anything.
To add to this: they also don't generate any photons on chip, and only ever measure two-photon coincidences, i. e. operating on two qubits. Though their platform could be used to implement arbitrary single qubit gates on 10 qubits, that is also the limit of what the processor can do.
Wahnsinn! Dankeschön!
"... just checking if you listening."
I love Sabine´s dry humor. ;D
I thought I saw "Quantized Marijuana Conductance". This was an amazing presentation, like a news broadcast from the future!
thank you
Good God, is this ever over my head! I didn't hear one word that's not English, yet I didn't hear a whole sentence I truly understood.
Well, I'll be back Tuesday to catch up on the usual 'What's New?' video.
Haha, I was actually checking out and reaching for my Ninendo Switch at 4:53
Can you make a video on this idea: equations are balancing equalities, transposition are a priori not allowed. But transposition are substituteable by equality. Therefore equalities have a substitute transposition that stayes balanced and does not involve the evolution of the before substituted equation. This balanced transposition could be be in nomenclature. My first imaginary plane. Eigenvectors. In base form. When eigenvalues generate bases for vectors, these vectors can be factorized on both sides of the equation, following generated permitted transpositions by substitution. A with a dot on top. So what's the mathematical process? Please
Sabine for president!
I'd settle for you as president, anybody is better than the zombie occupying the oval office.
Thanks!
Thank you from the entire team!
The verbal eye roll when the "Quantum Supremacy" rename was explained made me burst out laughing.
You missed mention of QuEra, which is by most accounts the top neutral-atom based quantum computing company. They have 256 atoms on a 2d array available to the public right now for analog hamiltonian simulation.
Fusion or quantum computing, which one reaches readiness first?
the trick is simple, information about the outcome is transfered to the partner before its measured, thats all you need. and before, after and the direction of causality is ambiguous until you can measure a broken lorentz symmetry. the first particle measured is always A in my explaination, according to whatever foliation you think is true, prefer is true, but until we know how to differentialte its going to be just musings about it.
Those smoke rings were dope af😂
One point that's quite important regarding comparing different platforms is that they have different ways of connected qubits. Superconductors and semiconductors are limited by the 2D surface they're machined on to, so usually qubits can only entangle with their neighbours. We can use these connections to make longer ones, but that introduces quite a lot of noise. So it's not just about the number of qubits, but how well they can interact with all the others.
Sabine hitting us with the only valid measurement of large areas: football fields
What a great idea for a scientist to explain science articles and sniff out the bs. Very much needed right now
What about atom photonic state transistors. The atom gives off multiple photons at different states for computing?
IonQ’s qubits have long coherence time and very low error rates which is more important than just pure qubit number
Color me something not told accurately in our data of scholars 😮, splendid video and information.
Thsnks
One thing which is tagentially related to this is that the field of programmable photonics is really maturing a lot and we're about to see "photonic FPGAs" pop up. Those have the advantage of:
1) Being very good for rapidly prototyping conventionally useful photonic devices like the ones used in optical fiber networking equipment, and
2) Giving a computational advantage when considered just as analog computers without the quantum parts, since they are good at analog matrix multiplication in ML applications (but are very bad at doing anything nonlinear)
3) Doing some slightly quantum tasks like quantum key distribution that don't rely on having a full quantum computer.
Quantum key distribution is something we've been able to do for a long time, but mass producing a programmable silicon photonics chip for fiber routers that can also do QKD would be a pretty major development. It would also mean that quantum computers developed later on may benefit from quantum capable fiber networks already being in place, which increases the probability that quantum computers end up being useful (networked computers are a lot more useful than isolated ones).
When will that happen? Right after I get my personal jetpack? ;-)
I believe what she meant when she said “with entanglement you can encode a huge number of states” is qubits can exist in superpositions. A zero and/or one
Being a researcher in topological computing I can safely say that process is slow in developing base technology for topological computing but it can easily extended for large qubit systems as their resilience to errors like defects or disorders in chips or due to environment borne.
As someone who does research in Photonic integrated circuits, this is a great video.
Why are you lying about yourself? ;-)
@@schmetterling4477 why don't you believe me :(
@@user-pv7bh5gt1m Why in the world would I? ;-)