How does an air conditioner actually work? - Anna Rothschild
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- Опубликовано: 27 май 2024
- Dig into the science of how heat pumps both heat and cool a home, and find out the benefits and drawbacks of this technology.
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Typically, with any piece of technology, you pump one unit of energy in and you get about one out. That’s just the first law of thermodynamics: energy has to be conserved. But there’s a piece of technology called a heat pump, where for every bit of energy you put in, you get three to five times as much heat out. What wizardry is this? Anna Rothschild investigates the science of heat pumps.
Lesson by Anna Rothschild, directed by Kevin Herrmann, AIM Creative Studios.
This video made possible in collaboration with Speed & Scale
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"How air conditioners really work - and how they can be used for heating too"
Most, if not all, air conditioners can heat up the air, too.
That's why they're called air _conditioners_ instead of air _coolers._
AC system used for cooling only , the same equipment with reverse valve make it works for heating and cooling which named "heat pump" which the video explains. the direction of refrigerant is changed with the reverse valve to make it works for heating.
Thats why its called conditioner instead of cooler
Heat bows to AC, in silence, it'll sway.
I like this "how does X work actually?" Title more than the heat pump pun. Those type of absurd titles can be enticing, but not when I know the answer off the top of my head.
What was the original absurd title?
@@iandrsaurri625something like "how does heat pump pumps"
@@iandrsaurri625 The future of air conditioners is heat?
I think
😂
Me listening how to heat a home while my city is at 40 degrees Celsius daily
Haha same here
same here
45 in my city.
48 in my city
51 in mine
In Norway people are switching to heat system which uses heat from underground and also use the same system for cooling in summer. All of this is powered by renewable electricity. This switch picked up pace when energy prices went too high during last few years.
Most important is using good insulation for the houses/ buildings!
And now add solar panels and wind turbines with battery banks and you've got a near 100% fossil fuel free system! :)
Economies of scale are one thing of how a larger machinery is more efficient while a smaller cooling unit such as a blanket filled with bromine connected to both of a bed's headboards or footboards of a Trippler liquefier column to have a cooling reverse of a "Kang" or "Kans" for others.
Stephen Boltzmann Equation combined with Cube Square Law means smaller objects underheat while larger objects overheat so a circuit board has a flange for a radiator heat exchanger while an off world space station has liquid droplets sprayed between booms.
I feel like cold is more tolerable and livable than constant heat wave. people living out of tropics are lucky.
True. Sunlight and vegetations only causes poverty and infectious diseases.
if you transfer the heat from air conditioning underground instead of into the atmosphere, doesnt that mean it would have less impact to global warming? and you can use the heat stored underground for the heat pump in the winter as a sort of heat bank
when i first learned how AC works in College, I was blown away. lol
But seriously, its such an elegant design that can change one's lifestyle. so simple, yet so good. car ac and home ac, as well refrigerators, all work similarly, but with a few differences and different refrigerants according to the application.
Hats off for Kevin Herrmann and his team for the animation in this video, its gorgeous!
Technology connections gang rise up
🫡
Haha. YEAH!
o7
TC was on the heat pump train living that heat pump life like 10 years before all these wannabes. :scarf:
🫡
"Bro i just asked for you to turn on the AC"
Just Have A Think
And also, some technicians don't give a damn about working with refrigiants. Even though they know the effects it has on our climate and learn how to calculate GWP-values they still sometimes just release these gasses into our atmosphere. And I'm talking about professionals here.
The animation is flawless! 👌
AC *is* heat pump.
Apparently in USA a lot of AC just do not have the reverse capability.
Probably because oil and gas is cheap which isn't the case in europe.
Also, because we need gas to heat up water anyway, we might as well use the same boiler to heat the house up.
Daaaamnn! These TED Ed animations are so good.
The animation and transitions are so damn smooth!
I feel like the carnot cycle and heat pumps are the engineering equivalent of "the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell"
"seems like magic, but it's just physics"
that's why I've wanted to be a physicist since I was child!
Really cool illustrations
My main gripe with the explanation is the explanation of efficiency. It isn't necessarily a heat generator as it is a heat mover: it takes one unit of heat, moves some heat with it to a desired location, and expels the heat it needed to do this in the process of doing it. This is still excellent, but left some questions with regards to the thermodynamics issue. If we have a system with 100% efficiency, it can plug itself into itself to power itself.
Let's try to remove it from its intended use. Say I put one of these bad boys in a position to heat up a bunch of water that'll move a turbine that'll transmit the heat as power (oversimplified). If the heat pump takes one unit of heat and "generates" a few more units of heat, this can feed back into itself and break rule 1. If what it does is instead use one heat to pump in heat from an outside reference point, that solves the problem because we've expanded the system. This is why wind turbines aren't perpetual motion machines, they rely on "heat" in the world to move air to spin their turbines so that they can transmit the heat into power. Will this be a reliable way to make power theoretically? Iunno I'm not an energy engineer. It'll require an initial investment of power that might yield multiplicatively more power, but there's still a lot of potential losses in the system that reduce potential output and a *lot* of upfront investments that defeat the whole point of the machine - we have easier ways of to spin a turbine - so I'm keeping my chips elsewhere.
Currently taking up Thermo 2. And this explains it in summary. Nicee
Shouldn’t the title be “The future of heat is actually air conditioning”
That's exactly what I was wondering!
I got confused by how the title of the video in channel says that but then switched to "how does air conditioner actually work" when you open the video, it had me thinking that I accidentally watched a different video and had to click on this multiple times before noticing that they are in fact same video...mind boggling
Sounds like a title Vox would use
@@dhruvakgowda9389 i actually got suggested that video after watching this one
Technology Connections does a great video on this as well
*It's better to be cool than hot.*
You’re both ❤
@@DefinitelyNotAFerret 2nd to you tho
Excellent animations
Americans: "Did you know there's this wonderous new technology called a 'heat pump'?"
The Rest of the World: "You mean a reverse-cycle air conditioner? We've had those for decades."
Hey I am subbed to you
Up fronts costs are still damning, my family's old gas water heater broke end of last year. We wanted to get a more environment-friendly one but the cost to upgrade to a higher voltage electrical system and the fact that electricity is still more expensive than gas as an energy source made us choose the old route. Incentives are there but not where they need to be financially speaking.
Looked like a cool infotainment video till I read Rothschild 💀
yeah, the Rothschild have a bad history and wierd rumors
Getting to learn new things in our day to day lives, We love you guys,
I love this channel
Thank you for (at least very briefly) mentioning in-ground heat pumps. THESE are the real wave of the future for this. Much more efficient all year round due to the extremely consistent ground temps even a foot or two below the surface. The only real draw back to heat pumps is how poorly they perform in extreme hot or cold - but this is all solved with in ground systems.
Very interesting 👏 👏 👏
Using 90% vs 500% efficiency wasn't the best worded in my opinion.
I think the word choice would mislead folks unfamiliar with the term efficiency to treat the figure as "500% energy efficient" when really it should say "500% efficient at transferring heat" which further aligns with your clarification near the end of the video. Or honestly just removing the word "efficiency" and just say "heat" or "hot air transferring" .
The efficiency of energy transfer in a closed system is at most 100% and I know you further explained what you meant by 500% efficiency, it still feels weird to start off with it.
I was thinking the same thing. That part made me raise an eyebrow. Great comment.
Yeah but a heat pump isn't exactly a closed system, is it? So it can easily reach efficeincies of over 100% without breaking any rules of thermodynamics.
Yeah, for heat pumps and refrigerators we usually measure the efficiency in the form of "coefficient of performance".
1:09 This should definitely be said as a disclaimer on the video. It is incredibly misleading to say heat pumps have 500% "efficiency" (should be COP) when by definition thermodynamic efficiency is less than 100% (and heat pumps don't even operate with a Carnot cycle!).
"The latent heat of vaporization!"
3:05 also refrigerants like R22 can deplete the ozone layer.
Thermodynamics is one of the richest fields in Physics!
Thank you Rothschild
Heat pumps of geothermal are not new since ancient civilizations had water flowing over walls and even had water wheel turned fans to pump cold air from caves.
Cogeneration has limits
Richie Rich Rothschild 🤔
Keep pumping these videos to keep the heat up on Heat-Pumps 😉
Ah the ol' boomer joke comment.
word play is great
😮
Why convert a bunch of electric or chemical energy into thermal energy, when you can convert a little electric energy into kinetic energy to move a bunch of energy that's already in thermal form? (rhetorical, just using science terms to describe the difference between furnaces and heat pumps)
Ah I miss you ANNA!
4:30 Just let the wizard have his day once will ya. 😂
Thanks I had an exam tomorrow!
Dude independent of what system it is AC , a fridge our heat pump.
They all have to have this 4 things:
1 Compressor 2 expansion valve 3 condensator 4 and evaporator.
Plus the fluid that makes the heat exchanges possible.
I hope it is NOT an English Grammar exam!
@@dantetre 😂😂
Ted Ed didn't have to go so hard with the animations
Great, informative video!
No that is categorically not the first law of thermodynamics. Just because energy is conserved (which it isn't perfectly in atomic fission and fusion reactions) does not mean that it isn't lost. One unit into a toaster does not result in an equal amount of energy to the toast or pop tart.
My MIT colleagues and I share an interest on how quantum mechanics such as nuclear atomic reactions and cryogenics are a ray of hope against thermodynamic gloom and doom.
but its true if we ignore the resistance offered by the toaster.
Second law of thermodynamics enters the chat
Those ultra efficient heat pumps are so expensive to buy that it offsets efficiency savings. The basic ones are worth it.
It is a wonderful tech but not for those places that easily get flooded during rain
BY CIRCULATING AIR - a wise guy quote lol
I am drifting deep.
its useful :)))
I'm grateful for the positive impact your video has had on me. It's truly inspiring!
Artistic style of "Heavy Metal"(1981) of how afterward later things went from crystal chrome Lucite light pastel squeaky clean to grim dark gritty brooding.
How do you have 2,22k subscribers
Everything goes back to a study of thermodynamics of work, heat, and entropy or disorder,
I literally had a sales person in my house for a quote for one of these as this video was uploaded. 😂
"Industrial Electrochemical Processes" by Kuhn since freon can also be produced by photo chemistry so please do not censor.
Just take out and install your AC outside-in during the winter & inside-out in the summer. 🤷🏼♂️
Seems like magic but it's physics.
❤
I understand some restrictions due to climate change but the freon today is way overpriced and don’t work as well as it did years ago….
I've wondered about this too
sure !
Soo like a transistor?
Please answer me. How can a gas heater be less then 100.0% efficient ?
Heat is carried out in the poisonous exhaust
Heat Loss: Some of the heat generated by burning gas escapes through the flue or chimney instead of heating the space.
Incomplete Combustion: If the gas doesn't burn completely, some of the energy in the fuel isn't released. This can happen if the heater isn't maintained properly or if it's not operating under ideal conditions.
Radiant Loss: Some heat is lost through the walls of the heater itself. This means heat radiates into areas where it's not needed, like into the basement or outside through poorly insulated walls.
Standby Loss: When the heater is not actively heating, it still loses some heat to its surroundings. This is called standby loss, which occurs because the heater maintains a pilot light or keeps water warm in a tank.
Truly fascinating and now I understand how my…..kitchen appliances work.
PSA: This is why you should keep air vents clean for your refrigerator and air conditioning system. The components will have to work harder and will wear out faster if they struggle to circulate air.
A heater burns fuel to create new heat from the energy locked up in the fuel.
A heat pump just collects and moves existing heat from one place to another.
Rothschild ? Didnt anyone else catch that
Yes
Not the same family
We will be hearing olefins a lot in the future
Yes your fridge is a heat pump
YAYYYYY!
In the video you made it seem to me like the compressor is inside and piston outside. Piston in video is after the coil but is at the beginning of Evap coil.
Ted keeps on educating us 👍
Try "Just Have A Think"
Who’s ted
Thermoacoustic, magnetocaloric, & Ranque's vortex tube to refrigerate so please do not censor.
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+1838
Terrible script. Efficiency discussions of heat pumps and comparing it to fossil fuels is misleading or confuses people(unless that is the intention). Efficiency of heat pumps are only comparable to electric heaters that are 100% efficient not to fossil fuels. Then again, it should not be used as comparison as heat pumps will just exceed 100% easily.
C.O.P. or coefficient of performance is a better term to use for explainers. Stress also that heat pumps basically absorbs, moves, release heat-no magic that multiplies its heat or energy.
Additionally, heat pumps not only the best solution. Radiant heaters can also be as effective (upfront and operational cost) if you don't have to heat a whole room.
1:09 This should definitely be said as a disclaimer on the video. It is incredibly misleading to say heat pumps have 500% "efficiency" (should be COP) when by definition thermodynamic efficiency is less than 100% (and heat pumps don't even operate with a Carnot cycle!).
As soon as one comes back from west of a continental divide hot humid air feels like a brick wall to consider how much heat is trapped by humid air able to hinder pressure versus volume efficiencies of fuels to heat to work.
They changed the title lmfao
Without subsidies, installing heat pumps is cost prohibitive. Even with subsidies, well off people are the mostly the main beneficiaries. Installing a heat pump is only a small part of the equation. The transition won't happen without a middle ground. Otherwise, people will be priced out. Same goes for EVs, solar and battery storage.
It depends on the location too. Heat pumps are great in warmer climates, and not so great where it snows half the year.
While switching existing units to heat pumps is costly, new constructions opting to install heat pumps instead of traditional AC would be the way to go.
Debate me on this one... there is a middle ground solution: Nuclear Power. most renewable such as Solar PV and Wind aren't reliable.. so until we can manage energy storage proficiently, distribute energy efficiently and control waste effectively, we should use nuclear power to generate electricity
I love this artstyle
What’s it called
Infographic style
Rothchild 😶
I am currently considering installing a heat pump over an AC but I have an economic problem. It seems at the time of this comment, running a heat pump on electricity is more expensive then using a gas furnace in the winter.
My professors always taught me understand thermodynamics and WWII to go far so it took me to MIT for alternate fuel research where I met others interested in nuclear aerospace cryogenics and electroporation fermentation.
Sadi Carnot was the first to write about Thermodynamics while others claim it was Ovid Virgil so while I thought I could be Hari Seldon to apply physics to social commentary term paper I discovered an old photo of a Manchurian aerospace factory machine tool of 1938 so eventually It took me to MIT where by invite only of March 2019 I gave a report on how Nihon Chisso's or Nitchitsu's Noguchi of Hungnam Hamhung Hamgyong Province achieved muon catalyzed fusion rocket propulsion before Alvarez and a laser optical trap for a refinery processor before Maiman.
My body heat and gaming console can heat up an entire room on its own
This doesn’t work for places like Canada or Sweden
I was fortunate to be born into a pretty well off family. My father uses most of the extra money we have to make our family more green. We got solar panels installed just like a year ago (well we did the paperwork more like 2 years ago but the process is incredibly slow and drowned in paperwork). We also got an electric boiler installed so that we use up as much of the solar power. And also whenever something breaks we buy an electric version of it. We are considering buying a EV and also considered a heatpump. I do realise that on the individual scale this will mean nothing but more and more of our neighbours are getting solar panels, heatpumps and such. And that gives me just glimpse of hope that if everyone who has the money will go green we may at least offset the emissions enough so that the ones who don’t have enough money to make the switch can keep using fossil for a bit longer.(Also idk why so little people talk about insulation when it comes to going green. Heating or cooling a poorly insulated building is like pumping water out of a sinking ship instead of patching the holes.)
F I N A L L Y there is a scientific reason for one of the disadvantages :)
❤❤❤
Is this different from normal ACs already prevalent in tropical countries?
You see that exhaust heat coming out of the back of your AC? Yeah well, turn your AC around, and tadaa, you have a heat pump.
Is this logic the same for heat pump dryers? Those seem to be all the rage for new home renos lately.
WE LOVE TED TEAM😊
thx
“Typically with any piece of technology ,You get out what you put in”.
Well the same can be said for humans too
With the same efficiency of heat pumps, you can inject some grams, and after 9 months you get around 3.3 kg. Again, you are not breaking the law of physics, you are just eating food, so energy, in the meanwhile.
my ac runs actually at 600% efficient , 620%-640% to be precise
How can I make a video like that ??
Everyone should support massive alternative energy. Down with petrochem, up with anything else.
"Liquid Air" by Sloane and Chemical Engineering" May 1985 on cryogenics so please do not censor,
Ohhh its Anna!
It called HEAT PUMP because it pumps heat from low thermodynamic level to high thermodynamic level.
Buy the way 1 - Heat pumps and Chillers are semantic of the same machine.
By the way 2 - Kitchen Refrigerator works on the same principals... WOW
Ted -ed sugestion make a video about the Los Angeles ritos of 1992
This animation is stunning
Magnanimous 😃
90% efficiency vs 500%? What... what even is being compared. What exactly is "efficiency" supposed to mean here. I would've assumed it meant the efficiency of the conversion from energy to heat, but that obviously can't be right. So what is it?
the 500% efficiency is measure in same amount of power and getting heat to where you want
heat and work can both be measured in quantity of joules, their sum is conserved in system
a resistor turn 1J of work into 1J of heat
a heat pump move (some heat) from intake, spending (1J of work), and (1J + some joule) of heat arrives at exhaust
there is a cap about how much heat can be moved
for a system of Hot side with temperature H, Cold side with temperature C, and temperature Delta D = (H-C) (temperature are measured in kelvin)
a perfect heat pump can move (H/D) joule of heat to hot side with 1J of work
for H = 300K and C = 299K, the ratio of H/D is crazy 300x
which means it only takes 1J of work to pull 299J of heat from cold , and 300J arrive at hot side
(but the 1 degree delta is unrealistic, so the ratio is much smaller in actual use case)
we don't really know the 500% efficiency claim is based on same amount of electrical power or same amount of fuel, both are possible
for electrical power, heat pump will always be more than 100% efficient when measure in (exhaust heat/power consumption)
for fuel cost, the heat to electricity conversion rate needs to be take into account (30% i suppose)
heat pump will be more efficient when delta is small, and burning fuel directly will be more efficient when delta is large
also i agree that video is just repeat the same thing and being empty in context
Fascinating! 🤓
Love from India🇮🇳💝
🗣️: “What wizardry is this?”
Apparently a mini heater which according to the title breaks the laws of physics