Evidence of a Bizarre Area Around Black Holes: Plunging Region
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- Опубликовано: 11 июн 2024
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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a strange black hole discovery that was just confirmed - the plunging region
Links:
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Faster than light? • Why Do We See Things T...
0:00 Black hole simulations
0:30 Farthest black hole collision ever seen
1:35 Accretion disks and jets and their mysteries
2:20 How we scan black holes using x-rays
3:10 Inner regions predicted by Einstein
5:00 What this black hole system is
7:00 Theories about the plunging region and the new study
8:00 Surprising results
8:40 Implications and explanations
#blackhole #einstein #astrophysics
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Credit:
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The deep dive on the Plunging Region was really necessary, I never heard of it before, or at least not being named like that.
Pun alert, In the Plunging Region, a deep dive really is necessary.
@@abj136So you're saying you can appreciate the gravity of the situation?
@@Deletirium no choice, got to go with the flow
That's what she said.
@@abj136ba dum tss
I just wanted to thank you for your amazing daily videos Anton. I regularly look forward to watching your stuff. Keep up the great work!
This was very interesting! From one of your many followers! Thanks Anton! 😊🎉❤
I’m not so sure that’s a black hole, I think that’s Vegeta firing a Galick Gun.
U made me wait so long for a hello wonderful person that I was starting to think it wasn't coming
Videos like this are just so good. Gourmet brain food. Also, excited about the findings. Kudos to the researchers.
Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. 😁👍
Serious Question, Anton. Is "Bizzare Area" an actual astronomical / astrophysical term? It seems there are a lot of these, most not yet designated as such. I congratulate you for being the first!
You and JMG at Event Horizon got me through many a long commutes home from work. Keep it up!
Yes! I was waiting for your explanation of this! You rock Anton :D
10:06 It's not that Chandra was fully shut down, and this wasn't a recent financial decision; Chandra funds were redirected to more recent joint projects like XRISM while NASA plans on Chandra's replacement, currently named Lynx.
It's a huge loss, sorry I don't agree
Remember when Chandra toom a boat 🚢 ride
SAVE CHANDRA PLEASE!
There should be a major campaign to save the Chandra telescope. To which science communicators could also contribute, such as Fraiser Cain, Brian Greene, Sabine Hossenfelder, Brian Keating, Dr. Becky and Dustin from "get smarter every day" etc. They all have so many viewers that a rescue campaign supported by them could be successful. Especially as this excellent device would work very well for at least another 10 years. It's super mega tragic what's happening and not just a huge loss for science, but for all mankind. We all shouldn't let this happen! Maybe we can all motivate our beloved science communicators to come to an agreement?
PR would surely benefit everyone.
Please support this cause! Thank you very much! 😊👍
Yeah but shutting it down this far ahead of a replacement was completely premature and stupid. Considering how much money is wasted by the US government, it's really hard to justify the financial juggling NASA has to do all of the time.
@@user-li7ec3fg6hSince use of Chandra, Hubble, JWST, etc. is free for anyone in the world to use and it's the American taxpayers who actually pay for it why don't the taxpayers from Canada, UK, EU, etc. fund it?
Thank you Anton!
🙏 new knowledge dropped, thanks Anton
Great Work!
Bless you anton, your dedication is unmatched and appreciated by all including myself who continue to come back everyday for these amazing videos. We all truly appreciate you and wish you nothing but prosperity and happiness. Please continue being the most wonderful person that you are🫶🫶.
I can't imagine how he's able to maintain a daily video schedule, but definitely a win for us.
@@Deletirium I know right, the fact that everyday I come on this app and there is always a new video out blows my mind. I dont know how he does it but it is def a win for us all!
Thank you Anton, love your videos.
Thanks Anton for another awesome video.
I don't really understand what the issue was. By definition, the plunging region is between the Schwarzschild radius and the photon sphere, meaning that light can still escape but it can no longer go sideways without falling into the black hole. Why is anyone surprised that light was found to escape from a region that light can escape from?
Well, between the horizon and the ISCO. I think the big news is that in the past we couldn't get observational information about that region.
The problem is with the evidence/proof. It is predicted mathematically that such region exist, but we don't have evidence yet that it is actually there. This is essentially the first evidence that such region might actually exist.
There is no Schwarzchild radius. Most people don't know that Einstein repeatedly said that singularities are not possible. In the 1939 journal "Annals of Mathematics" he wrote -
"The essential result of this investigation is a clear understanding as to why the Schwarzchild singularities (Schwarzchild was the first to raise the issue of General Relativity predicting singularities) do not exist in physical reality. Although the theory given here treats only clusters whose particles move along circular paths it does seem to be subject to reasonable doubt that more general cases will have analogous results. The Schwarzchild singularities do not appear for the reason that matter cannot be concentrated arbitrarily. And this is due to the fact that otherwise the constituting particles would reach the velocity of light."
He was reffering to the phenomenon of dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. It's the phenomenon behind the phrase "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light". Time dilation is just one aspect of dilation, it's not just time that gets dilated. A graph illustrates its squared nature, dilation increases at an exponential rate the closer you get to the speed of light. Dilation will occur wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass because high mass means high momentum, this includes the centers of very high mass stars and the centers of the overwhelming majority of galaxy centers.
Dilation explains galaxy rotation curves/dark matter. It can be inferred mathematically that the mass at the center of our own galaxy must be dilated. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate that we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is smeared through spacetime. More precisely, everywhere you point is equally valid'. In other words that mass is all around us.
The concept of singularities is preventing clarity in astronomy. They were popularized by television and movies beginning in the 1960's. Singularities were not taught in colleges before 1960. Nobody believed in them when he was alive including Planck, Bohr, Schrodinger, Dirac, Heisenberg, Feynman etc.
@@shawns0762 I don't think people actually believe that singularities exist. They are understand to be mathematical artifacts that means our understanding breaks down and that it requires further research.
Of course, there are attempts made where singularities are considered and see what comes out of it, but again, it is known that this is just mental exercises rather than the actual description of reality. That is just what we do with Maths.
And while singularities are popular in fictional work, doesn't mean people actually believe they are real. Magic is popular, does that mean people think they are real? Not at all. Same with time travel, multiple world/universes, Star Wars, etc.. I don't know why you equate popularity in fiction means people actually believe in it.
[Singularities were not taught in colleges before 1960]... but of course. That is actually true for the entire Theory of Relativity. The Theory of Relativity isn't taught in schools until that time. That is practically true with most scientific theories. That is true with Theory of Evolution for example, was still illegal to teach about it in school in the 1920s about 40 years after Darwin published his book). You are not making any point here. This is nothing but a non sequitur.
So... You are just tilting at windmills.
@@shawns0762 The first singularity theorems were published in 1965. What did Einstein have to say about them?
The more videos Anton makes, the further away from the beginning of the video is his greeting
😂
I came here for this comment. I think this is the farthest in I’ve seen his greeting. Soon he’ll be in the greeting plunging region
@@johnk6598 tbh I am already pretty spaghettified
Wow, the Plunging Region - how creative 😂
Fascinating!
In a perfect world exiting discoveries like this would inspire everybody to fund a new and improved x-ray telescope and name it Wonderful Anton.
Do black holes all spin in the same direction
I don't know if they all spin in the same direction explicitly but we have found a pattern in the orientation of their accretion disks: all or almost all observed BHs align to a certain axis almost as though the universe has a north and south. We still don't know why
@@hughlion1817 nice one 👍 you have confirmed my suspicion that there are bigger forces at play in the form of positive and negative energy, thank you 👍
Love this channel. Good job Anton.
Thanks, Anton.
I love your channel so much. Thank you for being you!
Interesting video. Thanks, Anton !
I learn so much and so easily when you teach
Hello from Florida! 👋 Hope you're having a wonderful day!
In the Kerr geometry the ISCO can be inside the Schwarzchild radius and out to 9m, depending on a prograde or retrograde orbit and the value of the dimensionless spin parameter.
Learned something new today thanks brother 👍
Thank you, Anton!
Thanks for the great video Anton
Thanks for all your great work sir
I will always love any video about a black hole, they have always captivated me
Anton your vids are the best! Keep up the awesome work; we’re all grateful!
Thanks Anton my Brain is thankful for some intellectual food. As it was just assaulted by the very amusing movie " MACHETE " not exactly the most cerebral Film ever made !! But you can't eat Steak everyday, sometimes you need a Hamburger and " MACHETE " certainly scratched that itch. Have a wonderful weekend everyone. PEACE AND LOVE TO EVERYONE ❤❤.
Lol, Danny Trejo's the bomb. FYI, "Machete" has a sequel, IIRC. 🤓
I am so glad Anton is not a simulation or generated by artificial intelligence. 😮
Just like 10 min ago I told myself Anton Petrov, give me strength. Thank you Anton, you're a star
Excellent discussion 👏👏👏
Thanks for all you do, this is one of the truly great science channels.
Anton, thabk you for your daily commitment to make greaat videos!
Appreciate ya. Thanks for sharing.
Thank you wonderful person!
Amazing Stuff!
Yes
I've just heard about the "plunging region" this very week.
Anton you the man👍👍👍
Hello wonderful person!
The Hello everybody at 4 minutes in made me chuckle. The blackmore revelations continue and I'm here for all of it!!
Very,very interesting beautiful video, thanks👍😊
Love channel ❤
This video is so interesting! I really like content about the universe and black holes. I also have detailed analyzes and perspectives on these phenomena.
Love taking a plunge into the unknowns with you Anton.
SAVE CHANDRA
There should to be a major campaign to save the Chandra telescope. To which science communicators could also contribute, such as Fraiser Cain, Brian Greene, Sabine Hossenfelder, Brian Keating, Dr. Becky and Dustin from "get smarter every day" etc. They all have so many viewers that a rescue campaign supported by them could be successful. Especially as this excellent device would work very well for at least another 10 years. It's super mega tragic what's happening and not just a huge loss for science, but for all mankind.
We all shouldn't let this happen!
Maybe we can all motivate our beloved science communicators to come to an agreement?
PR would surely benefit everyone.
Please support this cause!
Thank you very much! 😊
Anton, here's a hypothetical physics question for you - if you had a theoretical massless capacitor that had the ability to store more energy density than the energy of space time at the Plank Space Geodesic level, would the capacitor turn in to a black hole due to energy mass equivalence?
Not Anton, but do have a Physics background. The answer would be yes. Einstein's equations accept any combination of mass or energy in a volume to produce curvature in spacetime. If that amount of energy or mass exceeds the Schwarzchild limit, then it will create a black hole. As far as our theories can guide us the amount of energy you're describing at the size is enough to reach this limit.
Would that be the equivalent of a kugelblitz ?
answer from "alien" : nope. you could tear a space open but you wont be making a blackhole. blackhole is another MATTER. its not a result of energy density. something earth science still dont get it.
and when you tear a space open, you only creating incision to form another space inside. you dont tear open a space into some hole towards some other universe. thats SCIENCE FICTION theory.
and yes, THERE CAN BE A SPACE INSIDE A SPACE. is this means our universe can be inside another space? theoritically, but sadly, since there is no edge of the bubble of this universe, its not.
Does that promote the idea that this is all just a computer simulation and the guy running it just doesn't have the latest hardware?
@@ThePdog3k Not particularly no, it just follows from mass-energy equivalence. If you want to come up with stories about why some seemingly arbitrary physical parameters are what they are, whether a black hole starts from mostly mass or mostly energy doesn't really affect that, but basically anything involving Planck scale quantities you can make that analogy to a simulation's limit on render resolution. It's not evidence, but it's a fun mysiticism.
Thank you
Superluminal motion is because the rate of causation is faster the farther away from the center mass that it is.
Thanks as usual, Anton. Einstein was right about many things it seems 🙂
I want to give you a mental bro hug, Anton, too tight, too tight.😆
Love your work man, keep educating people and keeping us all current.💜
In my opinion the next big move into studying the Universe, it's understanding Gravitacional waves. Able to understand the mechanics of the Space fabric, behaving as a fluid.
Also gravitational waves.
Agreed. I think understanding gravity better might even help us discover an analog to FTL.
Atmospheric Aerogel Drones
If we study virtual particles and the different ways they recombine, we will discover that there recombination can form patern like a wave. That wave being the bending of space time at small scale.
At bigger scale it looks like a hawking radiation in a black hole. The sliding of virtual particles one going in the black hole, the other going in our univers as a real partcle.
That singularly at the edg of the black hole is where nothingness is being unzipped into 2 worlds.
And then we generalize that point and realise it is happening everywhere. Including right here right now.
I just don't understand why it is not being discovered.
@@aurelienyonrac In my opinion information is not being destroyed at the Black Hole but stored. Once the mass reaches a certain level, it gets the core unstable leading to a massive explosion creating a Galaxy. The Energy expelled shakes the Space-Time creating massive Gravitational waves that interact with the surrounding Galaxies.
Interesting stuff
“Only 80% of the speed of light” Gosh Anton, I didn’t think anything could move that fast in a physical sense
LEGENDARY 4 minute intro hee hee
Thx 😊
4:30 And only then you begin haha
Very cool
Cheers, Anton 🙏 ❤️🔥 🤠👍👍👍🖖🖖🖖
Too cool!
You might be confusing the photon sphere with the isco. The photon sphere is at 1.5r_s, the isco is at 3r_s, right? Though if you twiddle the knobs for the full Kerr-Newman-de Sitter metric you might find something with an isco of 1.5r_s. Light should be able to escape from anything inside the isco but outside the photon sphere, though.
In the Kerr geometry the ISCO can be anywhere between 0.5 r_s and 4.5 r_s, depending on the dimensionless spin parameter and the retrograde/prograde orbit.
At 1.5R is the photon sphere, where orbits for light are possible. ISCO, innermost stable orbit for massive bodies, is twice further, at 3R. Both numbers for simple non-rotating black holes. With rotating ones it can get pretty extreme, down to event horizon itself.
Hey Anton! I hope you are well today.
Anton, is there a way you can make a video about Chandra? Such as how much money is needed, what it is spent on, and why, since the telescope is operational, we can't turn it over to black hole and x-ray astronomers with perhaps astronomer requested patron and go-fund-me resources.
Chandra is worth trying to bring back. A great use of an inflated aeroshell. Originally it was to have more reflectors and better resolution. So bring it back, built the additional reflecting cylinders and re fly it! If reentry fails, at least we tried.
"The resistance is futile."
Love it
Since we have never observed a singularity that is supposedly inside a black hole, we don't actually know if it exists. Our mathematics describes what should be inside, but we don't really know. A black hole can have a dense chunk of matter on the inside with a non-zero radius. Perhaps it is the warping that makes it appear like a dot, but as you approach it, the dot will likely expand to the size of a neutron star, before you hit it.
Anton is the internet's most wonderful person 🎉❤😊
It's amazing how much stuff Einstein imagined that has come to be proven
The Plunging Region sounds like a rather dangerous place to try to visit. If one did decid to dive into such a region I wonder if he would pop out in some other part of the universe.
It seems very natural to me that massless particles like photons can be emitted towards us not just from the plunging region but from anywhere outside the event horizon.
Yes, radially outward light can escape, though we see it coming from the photon ring.
When something gets close to the black hole time slows down and it appears fast to us.
If an outside observer -- watching from a frame of reference far away enough from the black hole to be unaffected by gravitational time dilation -- watches an object approach a non-rotating black hole then the object will appear to the distant observer to slow down and actually stop at the event horizon.
@@douglaswilkinson5700 How many non-rotating black holes do we know of?
@@heisag From what Dr. Kip Thorne, Dr. Becky Smethurst, et al, have said there are probably none (due to conservation of angular momentum.) It makes computations and explanations simpler to start with that initial condition. Rotating black holes are more complicated. E.g. a Rotating BH causes frame dragging. When an object approaches a rotating BH it appears to be pulled into orbit around the BH (because spacetime itself is being dragged.)
@@heisag Non-rotating BHs that astrophysicists have 3σ or better confidence of existing: zero (due to conservation of angular momentum.) According to Kip Thorne, et al, non-rotating BHs are easier to deal with before testing hypotheses with ones that rotate (e.g. frame dragging.)
@@douglaswilkinson5700 Thank you for the answers. I asked since so much we learn from YT physicists regarding black holes are based on the seemingly nonexistant non-rotating ones. At least you specified non-rotating ones in the first answer, which is more then 90 percent does. And, rotating black holes are much more exciting.
If nothing can escape the plunge region, why do x-rays do so? Or does that refer strictly to orbiting bodies? Could an object with enough angular momentum cross through the plunge region and escape?
Thanks for another good one, Anton| I like the idea of you getting together with other science providers and saving Chandra|
Serious Question, Anton. Is "Bizzare Area" an actual astronomical / astrophysical term? It seems there are a lot of these, most not yet designated as such. I congratulate you for being the first!
50 million solar masses, that’s what I love about the universe is just the scale of it, it’s almost unfathomable
The 4:30 long intro 😆❤️
Black Hole Story Time: There is a video game called Megaton Rainfall. You play as a god-like superhero created by a god. Defending earth etc. What makes this game cool is you get to free roam explore the entire universe. You can fly up out of earth with NO LOADING and fly to the moon. You can move faster than light and leave the milky way and go to other galaxies. You can fly up to every star you see, and they will have planets you can land on. Well, one time I was playing on Nintendo Switch, and I got near a small blue star. I can see the dark shadow of a small planet and its rings. Sweet. Ima land on it and explore. So, I’m on the dark side and begin to fly down. Suddenly strange radio wave type sounds begin to play. OK, ground should be appearing any second. Then I noticed the horizon of the planet has moved higher above me.... that’s not right. On the ground the horizon should be even with my line of sight not above me. Suddenly I started taking damage. I then realized my mistake. What I thought was a ringed planet was not. it was a tiny Black Hole, and I just fell past the event horizon. I won’t tell you what happened but now when I play, I have constant fear. It really messed me up when it comes to BHs.
That sounds like an incredibly fun game.... I bought No Man's Sky for some of the same purported reason and was sorely disappointed, but yours sounds better.
@@Deletirium No Mans Sky is better today than before for sure. So if its been awhile def check it out again. Also on Nintendo Switch now. Whats even cooler is LowMemSky.....this is a fan game for the Pico-8 program. Its a retro style 2d pixelated.......No Mans Sky.
Differential rotation applies to black holes too, thus materials would fall into it from the top and bottom and whatever doesn't fall in or collide with other falling material would become the Jets!
I wish there was some way I could feed information back to someone else as I entered a black hole because if I could help solve something like this I would die happy and content that I could contribute physically even if I'm not smart enough to do so mentally.
4:32 until we get a "Hello wonderful person, this is Anton" - that's got to be a record 😎😀😁
Cheers
Wouldn’t the observer falling into the black hole see the Galaxy rapidly evolve into eventual “end of the universe” due to the time dilation?
And, wouldn’t the black hole likewise be evolving by “evaporate away” due to Hawking radiation?
So, the observer would never truly reach the “singularity”? Hence, singularities don’t exist?
No, there'd be plenty of light falling in after the traveler vanishes at the singularity. In the Kerr geometry the traveler can intercept all of the in-falling light due to the peculiar interior spacetime of a rotating black hole.
No, the traveler vanishes at the singularity before it evaporates.
Let Chandra live!
In the past, the region of superluminal frame dragging was referred to as the ergosphere. I wonder why this word is not being used.
Great as usual
It’s going to be a great year in physics.
Especially for lions!
The innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), as the name indicates, is the last stable circular orbit with a minimal radius for a particle revolving around the black hole [1]. A particle will plunge into the black hole if its orbit radius is less than that of the ISCO.
The object must be orbiting first for this to apply something could pass up to the event horizon and still escape the black hole as long as it not pulled into an orbit.
By leaving out the orbit part Anton described the event horizon.
Hey Anton can you review Terrence Howard's theory?
Difficulty of a harlot precurator theory ?
NASA needs to simply give JAXA or the ESA the keys to Chandra. "Here you go. Enjoy. It's off OUR budget now." And I'm sure the ESA or JAXA would find the money.
Has anyone ever considered maybe light could escape a black hole but it just doesn’t want to. Maybe it’s really nice in there.
I was just wondering if after you die, what would happen if your consciousness visited a black hole. What would it be like in there? Would you get stuck? Do post life consciousness enjoy hanging out in black holes?
Always amazed how Einstein’s predictions are proven to be correct.
Also seems suspiciously consistent with the Synchrotron Radiation that is emitted from a traditional Plasmoid...
I truly wonder how extraordinarily close a simulation would match observations if the input data was based on an actual Plasmoid that doesn't require gravity at all and is based on Plasma physics?