Sir ek imp video bana do. Please 🥺 mai pta Ravi skarkar. Raipur cg se. Hu Please 🙏🏻 🥺 imp video FIRST PAPER: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY block UNIT-I Chemistry of Transition Series Elements: Transition Elements: Position in periodic table, electronic configuration, general characteristics, viz., atomic and ionic radii, variable oxidation states, ability to form complexes, formation of coloured ions, magnetic moment Ho (spin only) and He and catalytic behaviour. General comparative treatment of 4d and 5d elements with their 3d analogues with respect to ionic radii, oxidation states and magnetic proper-ties. Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides: Electronic structure, oxidation-states and ionic radii and lanthanide and actinide contraction, complex formation, Chem-istry of separation of Np, Pu, and Am from Uranium. Later actinides and later lan-thanides. UNIT-II Concepts of Acids and Baseds: Arrhenius theory, Bronsted-Lowry concepts, con- jugate acids and bases, relative strengths of acids and bases, Lewis concepts of acids and bases. Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB): Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft. Pearson's HSAB concept, acid-base strength, hardness and softness. Symbiosis, Applications of HSAB principle. Non-aqueous Solvents: Physical properties of a solvent, types of solvents and their general characteristics, reaction in non-aqueous solvents with reference to liquid ammonia, liquid sulphur dioxide, Sulphuric acid, liquid HF, ionic liquids. UNIT-III Co-ordination Chemistry: Werner's theory and its experimental verification, IUPAC nomenclature of co-ordination compounds, Chelates, polynuclear complexes, isomerism in co-ordination compounds. Stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 co-ordination numbers. Valence Bond Theory (Juner and Outer orbital complexes): Limitations of va-lence bond theory, electroncutrality principle and back bonding. Crystal field theory, crystal field splitting and stabilization energy, measurement of 10 Dg (A), CFSE in weak and strong fields, pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of 10 Dg (4, 4). Octahedral vs. tetrahedral co-ordination. UNIT-IV Chemistry of Water Analysis: Water quality parameters and its determination-Acidity and alkalinity of water, total dissolved solid (TDS), hardness of water, Chlo-ride, Phosphate, Fluoride, dissolved Oxygen, chamical oxygen demand, Biological oxygen demand. Coal analysis: Classification of coal, proximate and Ultimate analysis of coal. Carbonization of coal. Coal gas-composition and uses. UNIT-V Thermodynamics: Basics of Thermodynamics, brief review of zeroth and first law of thermodynamics. Concept of heat capacity, Relation between heat capacities, Joule-Thomson expansion, inversion temperature of gases. Joule-Thomson coeffi-cient of ideal and real gases. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Spontaneous process, second law, statement of Carnot cycle and efficiency of heat engine, Carmot's theorem, thermodynamic state of temperature. Concept of entropy: Entropy change in a reversible and irreversible process, entropy change in isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas, entropy change in isothermal mixing of ideal gases, physical signification of entropy, mo-lecular and statistical interpretation of entropy. Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy: variation of G and A with pressure, volume, temperature, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Maxwell relations, Nernst heat theorem, elementary idea of Third law of thermodynamics, concept of residual entropy, cal-culation of absolute entropy of molecule. UNIT-VI M Chemical Equilibrium: Criteria of thermodynamic equilibrium, degree of advance-ment of reaction, chemical equilibria in ideal gases. Concept of Fugacity, Thermo-dynamic derivation of relation between Gibbs free energy of reaction and reaction quotient. Concept of activity, Activity coefficient and ionic strength, Equilibrium constants and their quantitative dependence on temperature, pressure and concen- tration, Thermodynamic derivation of relations between the various equilibrium constants K, and K Le-Chatelier's principle (Quantitative treatment). Equilibrium between ideal gas and a pure condensed phase. Ionic Equilibrium: Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect; dissociation constants of mono protonic acids (Exact treatment). Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, derivation of Henderson equation and its applications. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts and its
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FIRST PAPER: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
block
UNIT-I
Chemistry of Transition Series Elements:
Transition Elements: Position in periodic table, electronic configuration, general characteristics, viz., atomic and ionic radii, variable oxidation states, ability to form complexes, formation of coloured ions, magnetic moment Ho (spin only) and He and catalytic behaviour. General comparative treatment of 4d and 5d elements with their 3d analogues with respect to ionic radii, oxidation states and magnetic proper-ties.
Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides: Electronic structure, oxidation-states and ionic radii and lanthanide and actinide contraction, complex formation, Chem-istry of separation of Np, Pu, and Am from Uranium. Later actinides and later lan-thanides.
UNIT-II
Concepts of Acids and Baseds: Arrhenius theory, Bronsted-Lowry concepts, con-
jugate acids and bases, relative strengths of acids and bases, Lewis concepts of acids and bases.
Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB): Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft. Pearson's HSAB concept, acid-base strength, hardness and softness. Symbiosis, Applications of HSAB principle.
Non-aqueous Solvents: Physical properties of a solvent, types of solvents and their general characteristics, reaction in non-aqueous solvents with reference to liquid ammonia, liquid sulphur dioxide, Sulphuric acid, liquid HF, ionic liquids.
UNIT-III
Co-ordination Chemistry: Werner's theory and its experimental verification,
IUPAC nomenclature of co-ordination compounds, Chelates, polynuclear complexes, isomerism in co-ordination compounds. Stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 co-ordination numbers.
Valence Bond Theory (Juner and Outer orbital complexes): Limitations of va-lence bond theory, electroncutrality principle and back bonding. Crystal field theory, crystal field splitting and stabilization energy, measurement of 10 Dg (A), CFSE in weak and strong fields, pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of 10 Dg (4, 4). Octahedral vs. tetrahedral co-ordination.
UNIT-IV
Chemistry of Water Analysis: Water quality parameters and its determination-Acidity and alkalinity of water, total dissolved solid (TDS), hardness of water, Chlo-ride, Phosphate, Fluoride, dissolved Oxygen, chamical oxygen demand, Biological
oxygen demand. Coal analysis: Classification of coal, proximate and Ultimate analysis of coal. Carbonization of coal. Coal gas-composition and uses.
UNIT-V
Thermodynamics: Basics of Thermodynamics, brief review of zeroth and first law of thermodynamics. Concept of heat capacity, Relation between heat capacities, Joule-Thomson expansion, inversion temperature of gases. Joule-Thomson coeffi-cient of ideal and real gases.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Spontaneous process, second law, statement of Carnot cycle and efficiency of heat engine, Carmot's theorem, thermodynamic state of temperature. Concept of entropy: Entropy change in a reversible and irreversible process, entropy change in isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas, entropy change in isothermal mixing of ideal gases, physical signification of entropy, mo-lecular and statistical interpretation of entropy.
Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy: variation of G and A with pressure, volume, temperature, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Maxwell relations, Nernst heat theorem, elementary idea of Third law of thermodynamics, concept of residual entropy, cal-culation of absolute entropy of molecule.
UNIT-VI
M
Chemical Equilibrium: Criteria of thermodynamic equilibrium, degree of advance-ment of reaction, chemical equilibria in ideal gases. Concept of Fugacity, Thermo-dynamic derivation of relation between Gibbs free energy of reaction and reaction quotient. Concept of activity, Activity coefficient and ionic strength, Equilibrium constants and their quantitative dependence on temperature, pressure and concen-
tration, Thermodynamic derivation of relations between the various equilibrium constants K, and K Le-Chatelier's principle (Quantitative treatment). Equilibrium
between ideal gas and a pure condensed phase.
Ionic Equilibrium: Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect; dissociation constants of mono protonic acids (Exact treatment). Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, derivation of Henderson equation and its applications. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts and its
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