Almost all prehistoric crocylomorphs were endotherms. Probably most of the archosaurs were, with the exception of modern crocs, who became endothermic after evolving into these semi-aquatic ambush hunters (which in turn allowed them to survive the mass extinction much better).
@@stefanostokatlidis4861 it honestly very likely was. The idea that psuedosuchians are the primitive and less active members of the Archosaur family is outdated and inaccurate. it led to numerous members of that group being mistaken for dinosaurs under the assumed false dichotomy that crocodilian relatives were slow and inactive, and dinosaur relation was fast and mobile.
So, if the Triassic extinction killed almost all animals with no coating, and certainly all large animals that didn't had any fuzz, would this imply that Prosauropods were actually fluffy? Hehee i hope so
jurassic world dominion should have ended with blue dying of hypothermia on the snowy mountains of california and owen quipping "poor gal didn't have any feathers"
Has anyone found good animated paleoclimate models that the user can scrub through with land masses? Would be interesting to see what weather patterns were at a specific time and place in time.
Excellent quality again. Good to have your normal speech pattern back too. (y). I hope that more and more creators will be drawing attention to the similarities between atmospheric and ocean conditions just prior to the mass extinctions, and the warming and acidifying, and, presumably, more anoxic conditions we are seeing now. It does seem that the 6th great extinction has been under way for some time...
Incidentally: do scientists have ways to estimate what the actual air and sea temperatures maxed out at in earlier epochs? We read climate in terms of greater or lesser amounts of ice cover, but do we know that ancient vegetation and animals were adapted for higher temperatures than the ones we are experiencing now? Animals can adapt to cooling by developing feathers and fur, but, other than sweating, that can only work over a limited range of temp and humidity, there seems to be little scope for adapting to much higher temperatures than we ourselves can stand. So, might our heatwaves be worse than when plants grew from pole to pole?
Answering my own question after watching a vid on ammonites: turns out that oxygen isotopes in the carbonate of shells can give an indication of temperature when formed. Can't claim I understood exactly how or why though.
Love the fact that you had The Ocean background music - absolutely perfectly fitting! (The song is: Jurrassic | Cretaceous, track 2 here: ruclips.net/video/L6hRFcVZFlA/видео.html )
The Carboniferous was *anything* but a hothouse having sea level fluctuations which have been shown to correspond directly to Milankovitch Cycles as well as strong evidence for extensive ice sheets on the south polar continent of Gondwana. This is also supported by latitude reconstructions and temperature estimates. Remember that most of the famous coal deposits of Laurentia Baltica Siberia and a number of microcontinents which composed of accreted volcanic arcs all came from equatorial regions i.e. the tropics and show alternating evidence of tropical rainforest and shallow marine conditions which have been shown to correspond to sea level variations that line up with Milankovitch Cycles in other words most of the coal swamp conditions likely correspond to glacial intervals and marine deposits largely to interglacial intervals. It was this sea level variation which is partly responsible for the widespread preservation of peat which eventually fossilized into coal.
I'm genuinely glad that the natural world will survive the sixth mass extinction, and that eventually, biodiversity will return to its rightful, pre-human levels.
So fluffiness is the default dinosaur condition and some lineages just lost their fluff? so do we get hadrosaurs that were fluffy as babies? or maybe fluffy ceratopsians?
Well, Psittacosaurus is a feathered (not fluffy tho) ceratopsian and Kulindadromeus is a feathered ornithopod like hadrosaurs, fluffiness has been proposed to be the default for all ornithodirans not just dinosaurs
I find it eerily ironic that the dinosaurs rose to dominance by similar forces that eventually ended their reign. I know it’s more complicated then that but still. To quote Mephiles the Dark, “oh how ironic fate can be”.
Wouldn’t be surprised if it is worse honestly it isn’t just a climate catastrophe but a general fuck up of a ton of ecosystems along with the climate threat that places immense pressure on living things.
@@filonin2 again said nuclear exchange will be stacking with everything else and if humans die off or lose our influence on life our domesticated animals and crops will either spread like wildfire or die out especially the latter with how dependent many are to us. But again a ton of species are already dying off, with major pollution of water, air and land. To say that it wouldn’t be nearly as bad as 75 percent ignores just how devastating the changes humanity as a whole make to the world (especially the responsible parties) and how it stacks. We have disrupted the ocean ecosystems to the point of turning it into a wasteland or more of it in many parts of the planet, deforestation has massive affects on the creatures living in those environments. Unsustainable farming practices lead to poisoning of animals caught in pest control cause monoculture is seen as optimal cause profits, even if said crops aren’t useful for the people growing it other than selling it. Inefficient transportation and carrying of goods from place to place, wasting farmland for suburbs and inefficient and detrimental to human health urban plans help compound to problems for the natural world human and not human. At the end of the day, it will probably be up there for mass extinctions if it isn’t then that will be a miracle.
The image at 25:20 is so adorable, I just can't get enough of that little rascal! Where'd you find the original artwork? I tried looking up Antonin Jury, and the style seems similar for sure, but I couldn't find the piece featured in the video... not on their ArtStation or even their DeviantArt.
So I have a bit of an odd take on dinosaurs that I haven't seen it talked about anywhere, but maybe could make for an interesting video? I don't think dinosaurs, or pterosaurs for that matter, would have urinated. At least not how we're familiar with it. They probably would have produced white urate powdery stuff like how birds and reptiles do. Bit of a weird topic but interesting idea!
That is what I discussed in the video. They were likely uricotelic. I think it is possible they did some sort of liquid excretion as many lizards eject some pee with their poop and their white urates. I've had two lizards before (gecko and bearded dragon) and they would release some water every now and then.
You know that Jurassic Park reference with Jeff goldblum asking if there was supposed to be dinosaurs on the tour. That kind of reminds me of the scenario that I see in my mind, when you have a RUclips producer reading these comments. "I really hate that man."🤭✌️
Yeah, all of humans are pretty bad for the environment throughout history. We are invasive after all. Any human that left Africa was causing problems. Even other species. That said homo sapiens has obviously caused the most problems by virtue of the fact we're the only ones left
Non-avian dinosaurs: Survives massive volcanic eruptions and global cooling for thousands of years Also non-avian dinosaurs: Gets wiped out by the same trail of events on a lesser scale even though there was also a big rock
Stuff like this is why I expect *all* dinosaurs had feathers. Some would likely have more than others - I doubt a Brachiosaurus was as floofy as a well looked after chicken is - but all had some kind to some extent, it seems.
@@dinofanaticgojifan5760 the skin impressions and that fossised mummy tell us a lot but don't totally rule out short fine fibres like the hair on the skin of humans or elephants.
@@EDGEscience not even that, according to Thomas Holtz sparse covering can't be preserved in those specific sediments at all so we are not going to know about it for sure even if the whole skin was preserved, not to mention the possibility of eyelashes and specific stuff like that
Pycnofibers have indeed been confirmed to be a type of feather, which is why we know feathers are ancestral to all dinosaurs. Pycnofibers actually tell us a lot about how early dinosaurs would've looked! They must have been present in the common ancestor between dinosaurs and pterosaurs, so unless the first dinosaur rapidly evolved its scales back before it actually became a dinosaur, we know the first must've had feathers. Very possibly ONLY feathers and no scales, since pterosaurs seem to have lacked scales entirely, and the scales present on birds are just evolved feathers. So it follows that the first dinosaurs were probably entirely feathery, with featherless sections being bare skin.
I like the content, it's high-quality work, but I just don't get the narration style. He sounds like he works for a palaeontology-themed phone-sex hotline. Not to mention the constant alliteration. I assume I'm in the minority considering the growth of his channel. Though I'm not sure if it helps or his success is in spite of the tone he uses, because, again, the content is well-made regardless. Edit: e.g. 3:24
But none of those went back to reocuppied their previous niches, only later when that cold period had gone by in regions without many dinosaurs to compete, as an example pseudosuchians were scaly and during the Jurassic and cretaceous a body plan that resembled those of their triassic forerunners never showed up again
So, living in an age where the main landmass is a supercontinent is a liability. Two of the most severe mass extinctions happened when Pangea was around. Also why are you interjecting liberal political comments at every opportunity?
Do note that at least some other Triassic archosaurs (especially the “rauisuchians”) were also endothermic, though they were featherless.
Almost all prehistoric crocylomorphs were endotherms. Probably most of the archosaurs were, with the exception of modern crocs, who became endothermic after evolving into these semi-aquatic ambush hunters (which in turn allowed them to survive the mass extinction much better).
They became ectothermoc over time.
Granted they aren't ornithodirans, and they were found in warmer environments...
Probably not the strong and precise endothermy of modern birds and northern hemisphere mammals.
@@stefanostokatlidis4861 it honestly very likely was. The idea that psuedosuchians are the primitive and less active members of the Archosaur family is outdated and inaccurate. it led to numerous members of that group being mistaken for dinosaurs under the assumed false dichotomy that crocodilian relatives were slow and inactive, and dinosaur relation was fast and mobile.
I'm happy that dinosaurs such as birds still exist today. Your videos are amazing as always👍
Yeah, they're very beautiful.
Si
@@danysaurus Si
Dinosaurs! In the snow!
My favourite aesthetic.
Yes
Yes
So, if the Triassic extinction killed almost all animals with no coating, and certainly all large animals that didn't had any fuzz, would this imply that Prosauropods were actually fluffy? Hehee i hope so
it seems to imply that all dinosaurs and maybe even all surviving archosaurs bar a few outliers had some sort of feathery integument
Not necessarily. It might aswell be that prosauropods had an ancestor which lost that trait. No way to know for sure.
there were some possible fossils from plateosaurus that may indicate fluff
Thanks for starting with the 6th extinction and bringing up relevant connections. That context is so important.
That explains how Coelophysis survived until the Early Jurassic...
I love learning about Paleozoic and Mesozoic animals, and you make that much more fun🙂
I love that all my favorite dinosaur RUclipsrs use the Eyewitness theme music. Such a nostalgic throwback.
What if endothermy is the ancestral state from the early fishes onward but many lines have gone cold for the obvious economies to be made.
Why though?
jurassic world dominion should have ended with blue dying of hypothermia on the snowy mountains of california and owen quipping "poor gal didn't have any feathers"
Has anyone found good animated paleoclimate models that the user can scrub through with land masses?
Would be interesting to see what weather patterns were at a specific time and place in time.
This was cool. I'd like to see a general "history of Pangaea" sort of video.
Fluffy is fantastic!
Ikr!
And so carnosaurs were thus fuzzy
we already knew that, concavenator exists.
Excellent quality again. Good to have your normal speech pattern back too. (y).
I hope that more and more creators will be drawing attention to the similarities between atmospheric and ocean conditions just prior to the mass extinctions, and the warming and acidifying, and, presumably, more anoxic conditions we are seeing now. It does seem that the 6th great extinction has been under way for some time...
Incidentally: do scientists have ways to estimate what the actual air and sea temperatures maxed out at in earlier epochs? We read climate in terms of greater or lesser amounts of ice cover, but do we know that ancient vegetation and animals were adapted for higher temperatures than the ones we are experiencing now? Animals can adapt to cooling by developing feathers and fur, but, other than sweating, that can only work over a limited range of temp and humidity, there seems to be little scope for adapting to much higher temperatures than we ourselves can stand. So, might our heatwaves be worse than when plants grew from pole to pole?
Answering my own question after watching a vid on ammonites: turns out that oxygen isotopes in the carbonate of shells can give an indication of temperature when formed. Can't claim I understood exactly how or why though.
Love the fact that you had The Ocean background music - absolutely perfectly fitting! (The song is: Jurrassic | Cretaceous, track 2 here: ruclips.net/video/L6hRFcVZFlA/видео.html )
I caught the picture of the dino with the tiny hitchhiker attached to it's foot. Love it.👍😂
Enjoyed your video so I gave it a Thumbs Up
The Carboniferous was *anything* but a hothouse having sea level fluctuations which have been shown to correspond directly to Milankovitch Cycles as well as strong evidence for extensive ice sheets on the south polar continent of Gondwana. This is also supported by latitude reconstructions and temperature estimates. Remember that most of the famous coal deposits of Laurentia Baltica Siberia and a number of microcontinents which composed of accreted volcanic arcs all came from equatorial regions i.e. the tropics and show alternating evidence of tropical rainforest and shallow marine conditions which have been shown to correspond to sea level variations that line up with Milankovitch Cycles in other words most of the coal swamp conditions likely correspond to glacial intervals and marine deposits largely to interglacial intervals. It was this sea level variation which is partly responsible for the widespread preservation of peat which eventually fossilized into coal.
10 seconds in and we are criticizing mindless profit seeking, unfathomably based
God I love this channel
I just discovered this channel and all I have to say is that it is criminally undersubscribed.
I'm genuinely glad that the natural world will survive the sixth mass extinction, and that eventually, biodiversity will return to its rightful, pre-human levels.
@ 20:00
I love that name: when you abbreviate it, it makes it sound as though the victims of the mass extinction got camped...
Maybe its time for humans to get feathers
So fluffiness is the default dinosaur condition and some lineages just lost their fluff? so do we get hadrosaurs that were fluffy as babies? or maybe fluffy ceratopsians?
Well, Psittacosaurus is a feathered (not fluffy tho) ceratopsian and Kulindadromeus is a feathered ornithopod like hadrosaurs, fluffiness has been proposed to be the default for all ornithodirans not just dinosaurs
Is it possible that early archosaurs survived the Permian extinction the same way?.
Also explains how the still reptile like stem mammals evolved into true derived mammals around that point.
Thank you
Who would have thought that feathers saved the dinosaurs?
Oh yeah this was really amazing and I can't wait to see more, and hope everyone is doing good
One thing I like about these videos is how good they are
Extinction level events terrifies me
I find it eerily ironic that the dinosaurs rose to dominance by similar forces that eventually ended their reign. I know it’s more complicated then that but still. To quote Mephiles the Dark, “oh how ironic fate can be”.
Very informative thanks E.D.G.E 💜
Adore your channel. Thank you
Liked that covert Minnesota reference
EDGE, do you really think we are living at times when 75-90% of species are going to die? I do have some reservations.
Wouldn’t be surprised if it is worse honestly it isn’t just a climate catastrophe but a general fuck up of a ton of ecosystems along with the climate threat that places immense pressure on living things.
@@victory8928 It won't be worse. Even a full nuclear exchange wouldn't even come close to the end Permian.
@@filonin2 again said nuclear exchange will be stacking with everything else and if humans die off or lose our influence on life our domesticated animals and crops will either spread like wildfire or die out especially the latter with how dependent many are to us. But again a ton of species are already dying off, with major pollution of water, air and land. To say that it wouldn’t be nearly as bad as 75 percent ignores just how devastating the changes humanity as a whole make to the world (especially the responsible parties) and how it stacks. We have disrupted the ocean ecosystems to the point of turning it into a wasteland or more of it in many parts of the planet, deforestation has massive affects on the creatures living in those environments. Unsustainable farming practices lead to poisoning of animals caught in pest control cause monoculture is seen as optimal cause profits, even if said crops aren’t useful for the people growing it other than selling it. Inefficient transportation and carrying of goods from place to place, wasting farmland for suburbs and inefficient and detrimental to human health urban plans help compound to problems for the natural world human and not human. At the end of the day, it will probably be up there for mass extinctions if it isn’t then that will be a miracle.
The image at 25:20 is so adorable, I just can't get enough of that little rascal! Where'd you find the original artwork? I tried looking up Antonin Jury, and the style seems similar for sure, but I couldn't find the piece featured in the video... not on their ArtStation or even their DeviantArt.
Man I love The Ocean Collective
TBH if you're going to call the current extinction event a "mass extinction", then there have been more than 5 prior "mass extinctions"
Yeah, I think it is a bit hyperbolic to call this a mass extinction.
Shout out to the band The Ocean, nice reference btw.
So I have a bit of an odd take on dinosaurs that I haven't seen it talked about anywhere, but maybe could make for an interesting video? I don't think dinosaurs, or pterosaurs for that matter, would have urinated. At least not how we're familiar with it. They probably would have produced white urate powdery stuff like how birds and reptiles do. Bit of a weird topic but interesting idea!
That's just taking the piss.
That is what I discussed in the video. They were likely uricotelic. I think it is possible they did some sort of liquid excretion as many lizards eject some pee with their poop and their white urates. I've had two lizards before (gecko and bearded dragon) and they would release some water every now and then.
@@EDGEscience oh! I must've forgotten that part, sorry about that! And yea I've had a gecko too :)
You know that Jurassic Park reference with Jeff goldblum asking if there was supposed to be dinosaurs on the tour. That kind of reminds me of the scenario that I see in my mind, when you have a RUclips producer reading these comments. "I really hate that man."🤭✌️
new bideo lesgoooooooooooooo!!!!
What was the herbivore doing flying at 17:26? 😂
Goddam
That’s some good deep-dino
18:10
Evo Devo question:
Would young Brachiosaurs be born with a downy coat of protofeathers?
T rex??
Probably not the case for brachiosaurs, young sauropod fossils have been found with skin impressions, they didn't have feathers.
Possibly they had the equivalent of eyelashes and nose hair but feathers instead of hair.
This current Mass Extinction began when the First Human set the First Foot out of Africa.
Don't be racist and blame one group of humans.
Yeah, all of humans are pretty bad for the environment throughout history. We are invasive after all. Any human that left Africa was causing problems. Even other species. That said homo sapiens has obviously caused the most problems by virtue of the fact we're the only ones left
this is some fascinating stuff cold brought the dinosaurs to the forefront and cold and starvation took them out.
Non-avian dinosaurs: Survives massive volcanic eruptions and global cooling for thousands of years
Also non-avian dinosaurs: Gets wiped out by the same trail of events on a lesser scale even though there was also a big rock
except that specific rock caused worldwide fires and years of almost total darkness and the plants died out
so smart
Cool
Stuff like this is why I expect *all* dinosaurs had feathers. Some would likely have more than others - I doubt a Brachiosaurus was as floofy as a well looked after chicken is - but all had some kind to some extent, it seems.
Not all. We know 100% that Edmontosaurus didn't have any feathers.
@@dinofanaticgojifan5760 the skin impressions and that fossised mummy tell us a lot but don't totally rule out short fine fibres like the hair on the skin of humans or elephants.
The only way to know for sure is huge swaths of skin from a whole specimen. Like Carnotaurus.
@@EDGEscience not even that, according to Thomas Holtz sparse covering can't be preserved in those specific sediments at all so we are not going to know about it for sure even if the whole skin was preserved, not to mention the possibility of eyelashes and specific stuff like that
Note that embryonic titanosaurian sauropods from Auca Mahuevo were predominantly scaly.
but what does it say that triceratops were the last non avian dinosaurs to not die?
Are feathers and pycnofibers homogenous?
yeah feathers are ancestral to ornithodira, with some pterosaurs even having emu like feathers.
Pycnofibers have indeed been confirmed to be a type of feather, which is why we know feathers are ancestral to all dinosaurs. Pycnofibers actually tell us a lot about how early dinosaurs would've looked!
They must have been present in the common ancestor between dinosaurs and pterosaurs, so unless the first dinosaur rapidly evolved its scales back before it actually became a dinosaur, we know the first must've had feathers. Very possibly ONLY feathers and no scales, since pterosaurs seem to have lacked scales entirely, and the scales present on birds are just evolved feathers. So it follows that the first dinosaurs were probably entirely feathery, with featherless sections being bare skin.
Prionosuchus and champsosaurus amphibia and reptilia mimic crocodile
This video has 666 views
The png makes it better
🤠👍🏿
I like the content, it's high-quality work, but I just don't get the narration style. He sounds like he works for a palaeontology-themed phone-sex hotline. Not to mention the constant alliteration. I assume I'm in the minority considering the growth of his channel. Though I'm not sure if it helps or his success is in spite of the tone he uses, because, again, the content is well-made regardless.
Edit: e.g. 3:24
Might want to look up the definition of alliteration.
Plenty of non-feathered large animals made it through. You exaggerate.
indeed.
this is just nonsense.
most were still.
Like what?
"you exaggerate" refuses to elaborate further
But none of those went back to reocuppied their previous niches, only later when that cold period had gone by in regions without many dinosaurs to compete, as an example pseudosuchians were scaly and during the Jurassic and cretaceous a body plan that resembled those of their triassic forerunners never showed up again
how so , they ate them feathers?...
Did you watch the video?
Pollens and spores or spores and pollens, which is it? Suddenly you want to change your story huh? I'm on to you and your word tricks.
fyesh byets
Good info but the comedic dramatic BS was just annoying. Ok you stopped... better oops. There you go again.
So, living in an age where the main landmass is a supercontinent is a liability.
Two of the most severe mass extinctions happened when Pangea was around.
Also why are you interjecting liberal political comments at every opportunity?
Can you just speak normally?