Three years later this is still one of the best talks/classes I have ever heard. You're an amazing person. Thanks so much for sharing your knowledge so generously.
The fact that you are raising awareness is a great contribution to those who hear you, and who deign to think about your observations. Thanks for your efforts.
Thoroughly enjoy these wonderful lectures even though I’m a continent and an ocean away from Washington. No mountains, no volcanos, nor earthquakes where I live, not far from Cambridge. Thanks for sharing yours.
THANK YOU, Dr. Z, for your STAYING POWER with these great lectures! I appreciate your honesty, clarity, and fun ways to describe these phenomenon. We will never eat German Chocolate Cake again without thinking of you and lava!
Hey Nick, just wanted to say I really enjoy these online lectures. I've learned so much. Could listen to you all day. Greetings from the Northwest Territories
Maybe someone should send this to AOC and Greta. Nick, this was a really good program. I love how you teach. Any courses I've had over my lifetime that were really engaging and memorable (aka, great grades...) were presented by great teachers. You are definitive proof of this concept.
If you have the most recent peer-reviewed evidence of anything in science, you don't need to "be cautious and nonpolitical" to avoid offending students. Until they have put in the years of study and research required to earn a doctorate in geology, they can just sit down, shut up and listen.. or get out of the class. College isn't a kindergarten. I love your lectures, and especially your Nick at Home ones.
Nick you are a natural teacher. I can see that you very regularly 'shock' them a bit every 5 or 10 minutes with a joke or SOMETHING to get them to wake up. And you are the best absolute best with timing this method of communication with lots of hormones and hangovers. Even your audiences downtown respond so very well to your wake up calls. You are a natural whatever that means but you know stuff that can't be taught. Nice to get to know you more relaxed.
You handled this very well and it's refreshing to hear someone take a non-agenda approach. Looking forward to catching up on your other videos. Be well, cheers!
Ideas on the tractor question: The names were "The C", "The Oliver" and "The Alice". "Alice" was undoubtedly an Allis-Chalmers model of some sort, there was an Oliver tractor Company until 1976, but without more info, I'm stuck on "The C". It could be any of several makers which start with "C", including a few which are no longer around, or it could refer to something like a model designation.
Maybe the best argument you can play about "the question" as geologist is that, knowing now how the geology detailed all the climate change events during the pleistocen (and so later), the climate evolution during the past 2 centuries is not what we expected to be in order of the behavior of the granfather clock pendulum. It's just like the pendulum is now accelerating because the gravity stopped to work and is wanting to flip. Keep it up, bro, love your work.
I don't think you've been "chicken" about discussing whether or not our industrial age has accelerated global warming. You teach facts. Therefore you have to learn more so you can confidently state the facts! That's just being a good science teacher. A toast you, good health and happiness to you and your family too! Thanks for these wonderful lessons!
Ha ha on my grandfather's farm here in Michigan. He had a mound like that except not just big rocks but there were huge trees mixed in with them. Someone said it was the end of a moraine. The neighbors built a house by it. They had a heck of a time putting in the basement and the well. Just 50ft. Away it was all sand!
Nick briefly alluded to this near the end of his talk (around 1:26) and I hope he doesn't mind me adding this comment. The term "ice age" is used with different meanings which can be confusing. The "scientifically correct" usage of the term would be applied to the last 2.6 million year quaternary period. Technically, we are still in that ice age, even though we have been "thawed out" for more than 10,000 years. We are in an interglacial period, which is a relatively brief respite from all that ice. What "lay people" commonly call an ice age is really a glacial period... like the most recent Wisconsin glacial period is often referred to as the Wisconsin ice age.
Hi Nick, catching class late after a productive day 👍🏻I see you fixed the notch in the roof. And yet another unique beverage mug, you have quite the collection. Thanks for including live chat which is always entertaining😁
LIFE-LONG KNOWLEDGE I DON'T REGRET, specifically the periodic table of the elements. Nick's examples of the (oxygen) isotopes O-16 and O-18 in today's stream and (potassium) K-40 and (argon) Ar-40 in the "Absolute Age Dating" stream (#30) are micro-lessons that use the framework of the periodic table. Circa 1959, when I was 9 and my brother was 14 (approximately), our father gave us a science kit that was a chart of the periodic table and a stack of cards, one for each element. We learned atomic number vs. atomic weight, radioactive decay, chemical bonding and electrons, and photon emission and absorption with their relationship to spectra signatures. It should be noted that this kit didn't cover neutrinos, anti-particles, spin, charm, strangeness, etc. Nonetheless, we were well-prepared for the science classes and courses that came later. MY POINT/SUGGESTION: If you are a parent of a K-5 child and you need a (stuck at home) topic, the periodic table of the elements is a FOUNDATION framework well worth the effort. Astronomy, physics, chemistry, geology, biology, medicine, and all branches of science and engineering MUST make reference to the FACTS of the periodic table from time to time. That's my Nick-inspired RANT and I'm sticking to it.
We only hear about the IceAge on the northern hemisphere. I have to assume it happened in the south as well. Did the ice cap ever reach any continents beside Antarctica?
The ice age time frame of 2.6 million years ago coincides with the Panama land bridge blocking warm Pacific and Atlantic water from mixing, creating a feedback loop that affected the global climate.
The opposite happened when the connection between Antarctica and South America was broken 14MYA iirc. This allowed the Antarctic Current to circulate around Antarctica and turn it into a deep freeze.
Carbon dioxide levels were touched on. As I recall from a lecture several years ago in previous warm ups CO2 lagged behind warming. This time CO2 increases are ahead of the warming. That is one of the things that make the current warming different from past.
When looking at the front piece of your text book from your college days I'm reminded of something Niel DeGrasse Tyson says. On a globe sometimes they have the mountain ranges raised for effect. At that scale the difference between the highest point above sea level is less than the average person could feel with their fingers. So effectively most maps are exaggerating the vertical scale for the purposes of illustration. The 13 miles difference between the top of Mt Everest and the Challenger deep is 0.00003276% the radius of the earth
I live in Olympia Washington and have noticed a large hill next to Interstate 5 that has recently been cut by the local sand and gravel company that is hundreds of feet deep of various sizes of gravel. I am assuming this is a glacial gravel. This is easy to view just north of Carpenter Road on the east side of the freeway.
Very good introduction to the concept and evidence for global climate change through the past 2.6 million years. It's good to carefully present the baseline evidence. Talk about the power of humans against the baseline processes needs a solid foundation. Without a baseline how could you even infer 'made' change from 'natural' change.
Does 18O water evaporate as well? Of course it does. There's a statistical distribution of velocities for water containing both isotopes of oxygen. Temperature at the macroscopic scale is simply atomic or molecular kinetic energy at the microscopic scale. 0.5mv^2. Notice the m in that kinetic energy formula: mass. All of the molecules will have the same kinetic energy distribution but the lower mass ones will have a higher mean velocity. Higher mean velocity means greater chance to escape the liquid phase into the gaseous phase. Aka evaporate. That's why molecules with lighter isotopes evaporate preferentially. It's not the preferential evaporation that's important for the shell isotope enrichment. It's how much of that evaporate ends up as glacial ice that's important. If the evaporated isotopes are locked into ice they won't flow back to the sea for a much longer time and more ice means more locked up light isotopes unable to return to the sea.
In the interactive stream at the right of this discussion, Jamey & Heather Bailey ask HOW DO THEY GET 2MIL+ OCEAN FLOOR SAMPLES WHEN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN FLOOR IS SO MUCH YOUNGER THAN 2MIL YO? According to Wikipedia, the Atlantic Ocean is 180 million years old so the 2 million year old sediments are just a bit more than the top 1% of the pile of sediment on the bottom of the Atlantic (ignoring compression and other complicating forces).
I wonder if we could eventually go into Alps and Blue Ridge geology. I live near the Blue Ridge and since finding your lectures I've been interested, but the most I could find was a tedious pdf of an old book. I feel like I understand it better in lecture format. Edit- probably an Ancient Faults livestream.
Greetings from Sweden! Just watched your latest video about iceage floods from your trunk where you used starlink. You look good, like 5 years younger now compared to this 3 year old video. Covid did that to us all 😅
McCall I remember well. Always hiding in the car with the windows up as humongous mosquitoes bashed themselves against the glass. McCall is beautiful, Riggins...North Fork of the Snake? Big part of my memories.
@@robertsweatman4356 There are very few mosquitoes around our land north of K. Falls. OR. No spiders, no snakes but lots and lots of ants. I can't seem to catch Nick's videos live. I hope you heal up well. Go slow. They took the R out of R I C E Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Keep moving. Lots of sun. Make this 'snow day' memorable. Shoo stressors away. Do not interact...if this advice works for you. Look up Carnivora and I gag when I say this kind of stuff, because I am NOT a vitamin, supplement miracle in a bottle person at all. Simply dehydrated Venus Fly Trap plant and it boosts the immune system big time. We gave it to our old dogs and the change in their life was scary to see. They turned into their old puppyish selves. Sometimes I think this increases our immune system TOO much making people more allergic to new substances. We, humans, have an immune system that when healthy save us from cancer every day but our immune system is too good and too sensitive compared with other animals. Too sensitive is a problem in itself.
Is the student who has memorised the background reading before class but whose Aspergers brain gets so turbocharged by the stimulation of learning she gets a little excited and dominates class discussion, only to be quietly pulled aside by the Prof next lecture and told “while it’s great that you are so well prepared, could you please calm down and let your fellow students get a word in edgeways”
Aren’t the sea levels is based on co2 numbers! That’s the most important factor in human intervention in the global climate! We increased carbon emissions soo much we have affected the total amount of energy produced by rising temperatures globally! It’s the amount of energy that affects the climate! I learned about global warming in 1989 myself! The predictions I was taught are eerily accurate! Lucky that we are seeing the the best case scenario in which by 2020 we will have a window left to reduce carbon14 emissions! We are already at 50% deforestation and have more live stock than wild animals in the world ! This isn’t something you will have to watch! It’s our children who will see the world change and will have to adapt! We know how much carbon keeps how much temperature as we have enjoyed the longest period of a stable climate ever ! Just 8,000 years ! But the one thing we have to consider is that humans were only capable of mass carbon emissions is only 150 years old ! And as someone who’s grandmother lived during the dust bowl; trust me humanity has and can really mess with climate! That was by simply plowing up plains grass native to North America which was adapted to the drought conditions we periodically had about every 20 years !
East coast dredgers have brought up very old bones from long long ago. One of the bones had Solutrian arrow implanted in the bones of a wooly mammoth or mastodon. Solutrians migrated from Europe during the last ice age
It was a knife actually. Clovis and Solutrean points have a lot in common. While I think it's possible that some people may have made a journey across the North Atlantic following the edge of the pack ice and hunting seals. I seriously doubt there was a concerted migration effort. Clovis seems to fade away with the onset of the Younger Dryas. What was the cause of the onset of the YD is of some debate the agent isn't to my knowledge. The agent was a massive release of fresh water from where it was impounded. Whether the release was triggered by the warming climate of the Bolling-Allorod that reached a tipping point or due to a possible impact. There seems to be evidence pointing to an impact in the form of impact proxies. The big sticking point is the lack of a crater. The recent discovery of Hiawatha Crater on Greenland has renewed the debate to a degree. The question is just how old is the crater. It is my understanding the ice in the crater appears to be only 12000 years old. Another thing that points to an impact event of some sort is the existence of the Carolina Bays and the Nebraska Rain Water Basins. If allowance is made for the trajectory of objects thrown out from an impact are traced back they converge on the general area of Saginaw Michigan. The competing explanation is that these features are the result of wind action.
IN YOUR FUTURE MILANKOVICH CYCLE LECTURE WOULD IT BE POSSIBLE TO INCLUDE THE ALTITHERMAL? WAS IT JUST ON THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT, OR GLOBAL? You certainly got me thinking! Never heard of the Milankovich cycles, however 30 years ago as a graduate student at Colorado State University in Archaelology Field class I had the opportunity to help a geologist, James Benedict (Benedict, James & Benedict, Robert & Lee, Craig & Staley, Dennis. (2008). Spruce trees from a melting ice patch: Evidence for Holocene climatic change in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. Holocene. 18. 1067-1076. 10.1177/0959683608095578. ) , dates prehistoric occupations at high altitudes above Boulder, Colorado on Rawlins Pass, and again above Salida ,Colorado on Monarch Pass. We were looking at prehistoric game drifts. One theory that we hoped would help date the drives and explain the occupation at such high altitudes was that during hot dry periods, such as the altithermal, people moved to higher altitudes following game and water. The drives/drifts were dated much more recent, about 900 A.D.
"...a shifting of weight inside the Earth takes place, caused for example by the creation of gigantic lakes by damming and by creating hollow caverns due to the exploitation of petroleum and gas, etc. And thereby unnatural inner-Earth movements are created, which also lead to unnatural tectonic effects and cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, which also in turn cause enormous climatic changes, resulting in horrendous tornadoes of devastating proportions which in the end will set their destructive energies free on the entire world. All of this will lead to increasingly horrible floods and unusually massive snowfalls which will advance to the southern countries and finally even to the equatorial regions, because through the insanity of human beings...
Real late to the party: Appalachia went from being predominantly Blue to being dominantly Red when coal mines started cutting their production due to the changing export economy and perhaps even climate debate. This is not a partisan statement since it does not get into the finger pointing. The people most affected by the change in situation have nobody to blame but the government, and it is easy peasy to swing them to oppose the current government while at the same time being brainwashed into believing that coal has nothing to do with climate change. All they know is coal and steel, and somebody is coming for their jobs. Enough said.
When a kid or young person or an older vibrant person becomes a student of higher learning and stumbles across a great teacher, the world changes. It takes just one great teacher to completely change and direct someone's life. Just one. If I find one, hear of one I do not care what they are teaching, I take those classes. Those rare and special teachers open doors to other dimensions...sorry to go off but that is how passionate and thankful for the special teachers in my life. CO2 does not regulate climate whatsoever. It is the sun that is our engine. Venus and Mars probably had organic life and oceans at one time. When the core of Mars came to a halt and Venus? Cloud cover should cool not heat. Both Mars and Venus are 95% and 97% CO2 respectively for atmospheres. One is brutally cold the other brutally hellish. CO2 has a critical cycle all life on this planet depends upon... .04% is ridiculously LOW. CO2 has been .7% in the far far past. That is 7000 ppm. Yet not even 1% of our atmosphere. No humans letting off gas that wasn't normal. CO2 is one of the major players in homeostasis, staying the same or stabilizing weather and making patterns predictable. Making life POSSIBLE. Think about this. At .015% atmospheric CO2 or 150 ppm...ALL PLANT LIFE THAT PHOTOSYNTHESIZES DIES. 400ppm now, if the goody-two-shoes people manage to reduce CO2 from 400 ppm down to 200 to 150 ppm, they or we will kill all life on this planet. Once we hit a certain atmospheric CO2 parts per million a bit of a domino effect will happen. I mean really, how could we get CO2 released from oceans and soils fast enough to build up the CO2 to save the plants. Animals follow in death within months. We humans don't know what we are doing. This is like giving babies matches to play with. CO2 is not a problem now, it has never been a problem and will never be a problem in the future. CO2 is WHY we and all life are HERE on this planet. There is no global warming. Certainly not because of CO2! I WISH there was global warming. Anyway, all of us have been in the Eddy Grand Solar Minimum since 2014. The entire solar system. A major cooling period. These Grand Solar Minimums are a very regular cycle of the Sun's little nap, 206 years. Unbelievable people imagine that our normal and rather low amount of CO2 is causing 'warming'. Nothing solid to point at to say, "see! I told you so". Nothing. So easy to throw up pictures of calving glaciers, a dead polar bear, the tsunamis in Indonesia, and expect people to believe whatever the words are connected to the pictures. We are so gullible! Look up the Maunder and the Dalton GSMs. The one we are in right now is named the Eddy Minimum. History records 206 years ago are fairly reliable. Today, Polar bears are great, coral reefs are ecstatic, the ocean has been cooling since 2004, there hasn't been one tiny bit of sea-level change which I find weird because it is always changing in minuscule amounts, continental glaciers calve when the ice grows out OVER the sea, Antarctica had one of the coldest or the coldest winters ever recorded this past winter, absolutely no one is selling their beachside property, boo hoo and speculation of climate from one person's view is completely noncredible. Not with our short short short life lines. Look up the New Madrid and how it is intrinsically connected to these GSMs. Or go buy those air conditioners! Grins.
@@ducthman4737 I love you right back. If I didn't before, I'll be getting to know Heller/Goddard far better. I am so pissed with some of my ex loved scientists; Kaku, deGrasse, Greene. Have you heard of Casey and Upheaval? His 3rd co-authored book, mainly about the New Madrid Fault? So very nice to meet you Mr. Ducthman. It gets lonely out here and beaten up in comment-land. Is the misspelling correct/on purpose? I think all the smart people just don't waste their time commenting on these things. We live off grid and I became a huge recluse. Hubby was always a recluse even working at Boeing for 25 years. He just told me they laid 16000 employees off. Ouch. Welcome to our world. It is peaceful and I would trade our life for a million bucks. I think? Grins. It is so nice to get a very welcomed reply from obviously one of us smart, logical, step back and see the big picture clan people. Major huggs back! I'll keep my eye out for you and your comments...
And another one out of the park. If I understand you, the climate agree/disagree is religious; don't need data to back it up. I am a climate denier because I don't believe the data agrees with the results. Look forward to #35...
Three years later this is still one of the best talks/classes I have ever heard. You're an amazing person. Thanks so much for sharing your knowledge so generously.
The fact that you are raising awareness is a great contribution to those who hear you, and who deign to think about your observations. Thanks for your efforts.
The world needs more guys like Nick, the real deal.
Thank you Nick, please don't stop. We need you!
Thoroughly enjoy these wonderful lectures even though I’m a continent and an ocean away from Washington. No mountains, no volcanos, nor earthquakes where I live, not far from Cambridge. Thanks for sharing yours.
THANK YOU, Dr. Z, for your STAYING POWER with these great lectures!
I appreciate your honesty, clarity, and fun ways to describe these phenomenon.
We will never eat German Chocolate Cake again without thinking of you and lava!
Nick, no one knows everything. You are so courageous to try. You have taught this old Audiologist so much over the years. Thank You.
Loved this lesson! Thanks so much for giving your time for these. Much appreciated.
Hey Nick, just wanted to say I really enjoy these online lectures. I've learned so much. Could listen to you all day. Greetings from the Northwest Territories
Maybe someone should send this to AOC and Greta. Nick, this was a really good program. I love how you teach. Any courses I've had over my lifetime that were really engaging and memorable (aka, great grades...) were presented by great teachers. You are definitive proof of this concept.
I'm preparing a PPT for Quaternary period. Great lecture Dr. Nick
-Geography Kid from India
If you have the most recent peer-reviewed evidence of anything in science, you don't need to "be cautious and nonpolitical" to avoid offending students. Until they have put in the years of study and research required to earn a doctorate in geology, they can just sit down, shut up and listen.. or get out of the class. College isn't a kindergarten. I love your lectures, and especially your Nick at Home ones.
Love the watercolor painting made by Jonathan.
Thanks Nick!
Your at home series looks to be a great success! Kudos!
The roof has been repaired! Watching from E 1st ave down the hill. Thank you!
Nick you are a natural teacher. I can see that you very regularly 'shock' them a bit every 5 or 10 minutes with a joke or SOMETHING to get them to wake up. And you are the best absolute best with timing this method of communication with lots of hormones and hangovers. Even your audiences downtown respond so very well to your wake up calls. You are a natural whatever that means but you know stuff that can't be taught. Nice to get to know you more relaxed.
You handled this very well and it's refreshing to hear someone take a non-agenda approach. Looking forward to catching up on your other videos. Be well, cheers!
Great talk. Watching from the flatlands in UK! Wish I could visit Washington state, the topography looks amazing
Ideas on the tractor question: The names were "The C", "The Oliver" and "The Alice". "Alice" was undoubtedly an Allis-Chalmers model of some sort, there was an Oliver tractor Company until 1976, but without more info, I'm stuck on "The C". It could be any of several makers which start with "C", including a few which are no longer around, or it could refer to something like a model designation.
Maybe the best argument you can play about "the question" as geologist is that, knowing now how the geology detailed all the climate change events during the pleistocen (and so later), the climate evolution during the past 2 centuries is not what we expected to be in order of the behavior of the granfather clock pendulum. It's just like the pendulum is now accelerating because the gravity stopped to work and is wanting to flip.
Keep it up, bro, love your work.
I don't think you've been "chicken" about discussing whether or not our industrial age has accelerated global warming. You teach facts. Therefore you have to learn more so you can confidently state the facts! That's just being a good science teacher. A toast you, good health and happiness to you and your family too! Thanks for these wonderful lessons!
i sure as heck prefer a warm wet climate to a cold dry climate
Really great lectures by a really great guy! Thank you Dr. Zentner. Everyone, subscribe to him by hitting the button under his video.
Ha ha on my grandfather's farm here in Michigan. He had a mound like that except not just big rocks but there were huge trees mixed in with them. Someone said it was the end of a moraine. The neighbors built a house by it. They had a heck of a time putting in the basement and the well. Just 50ft. Away it was all sand!
Thank You for keeping it moving.
Nick briefly alluded to this near the end of his talk (around 1:26) and I hope he doesn't mind me adding this comment. The term "ice age" is used with different meanings which can be confusing. The "scientifically correct" usage of the term would be applied to the last 2.6 million year quaternary period. Technically, we are still in that ice age, even though we have been "thawed out" for more than 10,000 years. We are in an interglacial period, which is a relatively brief respite from all that ice. What "lay people" commonly call an ice age is really a glacial period... like the most recent Wisconsin glacial period is often referred to as the Wisconsin ice age.
Hi Nick, catching class late after a productive day 👍🏻I see you fixed the notch in the roof. And yet another unique beverage mug, you have quite the collection. Thanks for including live chat which is always entertaining😁
My highschool geology teacher showed us the first part in the 90s
This teacher was cool like you
Much love xoxox
LIFE-LONG KNOWLEDGE I DON'T REGRET, specifically the periodic table of the elements. Nick's examples of the (oxygen) isotopes O-16 and O-18 in today's stream and (potassium) K-40 and (argon) Ar-40 in the "Absolute Age Dating" stream (#30) are micro-lessons that use the framework of the periodic table.
Circa 1959, when I was 9 and my brother was 14 (approximately), our father gave us a science kit that was a chart of the periodic table and a stack of cards, one for each element. We learned atomic number vs. atomic weight, radioactive decay, chemical bonding and electrons, and photon emission and absorption with their relationship to spectra signatures. It should be noted that this kit didn't cover neutrinos, anti-particles, spin, charm, strangeness, etc. Nonetheless, we were well-prepared for the science classes and courses that came later.
MY POINT/SUGGESTION: If you are a parent of a K-5 child and you need a (stuck at home) topic, the periodic table of the elements is a FOUNDATION framework well worth the effort. Astronomy, physics, chemistry, geology, biology, medicine, and all branches of science and engineering MUST make reference to the FACTS of the periodic table from time to time.
That's my Nick-inspired RANT and I'm sticking to it.
We only hear about the IceAge on the northern hemisphere. I have to assume it happened in the south as well. Did the ice cap ever reach any continents beside Antarctica?
Good work in dodging the youtube ban...LOL Great class, as always. Tks for the time spent
The ice age time frame of 2.6 million years ago coincides with the Panama land bridge blocking warm Pacific and Atlantic water from mixing, creating a feedback loop that affected the global climate.
The opposite happened when the connection between Antarctica and South America was broken 14MYA iirc. This allowed the Antarctic Current to circulate around Antarctica and turn it into a deep freeze.
Carbon dioxide levels were touched on. As I recall from a lecture several years ago in previous warm ups CO2 lagged behind warming. This time CO2 increases are ahead of the warming. That is one of the things that make the current warming different from past.
For me, the real eye opener on sea level change was seeing stalactites and stalagmites on the well of the great blue hole offshore Belize at 130' down
When looking at the front piece of your text book from your college days I'm reminded of something Niel DeGrasse Tyson says. On a globe sometimes they have the mountain ranges raised for effect. At that scale the difference between the highest point above sea level is less than the average person could feel with their fingers. So effectively most maps are exaggerating the vertical scale for the purposes of illustration. The 13 miles difference between the top of Mt Everest and the Challenger deep is 0.00003276% the radius of the earth
I've read several times that if the Earth was the size of a cue ball, it would be smoother.
Apples are no longer the teachers gift (bribe) du jour! Watching from New Braunfels, Texas with 65 - 250 mya limestone galore
I live in Olympia Washington and have noticed a large hill next to Interstate 5 that has recently been cut by the local sand and gravel company that is hundreds of feet deep of various sizes of gravel. I am assuming this is a glacial gravel.
This is easy to view just north of Carpenter Road on the east side of the freeway.
Very good introduction to the concept and evidence for global climate change through the past 2.6 million years. It's good to carefully present the baseline evidence. Talk about the power of humans against the baseline processes needs a solid foundation. Without a baseline how could you even infer 'made' change from 'natural' change.
Nick, you fixed the roof!
And have a great Father’s Day!!
Nice water colour !
Thomas gets a tip of the hat as well!
If I remember ocean silt builds layers at approximately 1 inch every thousand years
Does 18O water evaporate as well? Of course it does.
There's a statistical distribution of velocities for water containing both isotopes of oxygen. Temperature at the macroscopic scale is simply atomic or molecular kinetic energy at the microscopic scale. 0.5mv^2. Notice the m in that kinetic energy formula: mass. All of the molecules will have the same kinetic energy distribution but the lower mass ones will have a higher mean velocity. Higher mean velocity means greater chance to escape the liquid phase into the gaseous phase. Aka evaporate.
That's why molecules with lighter isotopes evaporate preferentially. It's not the preferential evaporation that's important for the shell isotope enrichment. It's how much of that evaporate ends up as glacial ice that's important. If the evaporated isotopes are locked into ice they won't flow back to the sea for a much longer time and more ice means more locked up light isotopes unable to return to the sea.
In the interactive stream at the right of this discussion, Jamey & Heather Bailey ask HOW DO THEY GET 2MIL+ OCEAN FLOOR SAMPLES WHEN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN FLOOR IS SO MUCH YOUNGER THAN 2MIL YO?
According to Wikipedia, the Atlantic Ocean is 180 million years old so the 2 million year old sediments are just a bit more than the top 1% of the pile of sediment on the bottom of the Atlantic (ignoring compression and other complicating forces).
I wonder if we could eventually go into Alps and Blue Ridge geology. I live near the Blue Ridge and since finding your lectures I've been interested, but the most I could find was a tedious pdf of an old book. I feel like I understand it better in lecture format.
Edit- probably an Ancient Faults livestream.
Heather Fiske “almost heaven, West Virginia, Blue Ridge Mountains, Shenandoah River, life is old there older than the trees”. John Denver
Any science thats been politicized becomes muddled up and mostly unintelligible.
Unfortunately in today's political environment that means all science
Based on Oxygen levels...got it. Brilliant.
What about the angle of the earth's axis?
Greetings from Sweden!
Just watched your latest video about iceage floods from your trunk where you used starlink.
You look good, like 5 years younger now compared to this 3 year old video.
Covid did that to us all 😅
Not on the live stream, but I'm recovering from an accident in addition to the quarentie. Any way, joining from McCall, Idaho
McCall I remember well. Always hiding in the car with the windows up as humongous mosquitoes bashed themselves against the glass. McCall is beautiful, Riggins...North Fork of the Snake? Big part of my memories.
@@stormysampson1257 yeah the mosquitoes are pretty bad sometimes, they're all still somewhere else 😉😷
@@robertsweatman4356 There are very few mosquitoes around our land north of K. Falls. OR. No spiders, no snakes but lots and lots of ants. I can't seem to catch Nick's videos live. I hope you heal up well. Go slow. They took the R out of R I C E Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Keep moving. Lots of sun. Make this 'snow day' memorable. Shoo stressors away. Do not interact...if this advice works for you.
Look up Carnivora and I gag when I say this kind of stuff, because I am NOT a vitamin, supplement miracle in a bottle person at all. Simply dehydrated Venus Fly Trap plant and it boosts the immune system big time. We gave it to our old dogs and the change in their life was scary to see. They turned into their old puppyish selves. Sometimes I think this increases our immune system TOO much making people more allergic to new substances. We, humans, have an immune system that when healthy save us from cancer every day but our immune system is too good and too sensitive compared with other animals. Too sensitive is a problem in itself.
is this a geology show or a bird-song show?
Is the student who has memorised the background reading before class but whose Aspergers brain gets so turbocharged by the stimulation of learning she gets a little excited and dominates class discussion, only to be quietly pulled aside by the Prof next lecture and told “while it’s great that you are so well prepared, could you please calm down and let your fellow students get a word in edgeways”
No he teaches geology at CWU.
Mary Nelson I was actually referring to a Professor of mine in 2006, not Nick.
Aren’t the sea levels is based on co2 numbers! That’s the most important factor in human intervention in the global climate! We increased carbon emissions soo much we have affected the total amount of energy produced by rising temperatures globally! It’s the amount of energy that affects the climate! I learned about global warming in 1989 myself! The predictions I was taught are eerily accurate! Lucky that we are seeing the the best case scenario in which by 2020 we will have a window left to reduce carbon14 emissions! We are already at 50% deforestation and have more live stock than wild animals in the world ! This isn’t something you will have to watch! It’s our children who will see the world change and will have to adapt! We know how much carbon keeps how much temperature as we have enjoyed the longest period of a stable climate ever ! Just 8,000 years ! But the one thing we have to consider is that humans were only capable of mass carbon emissions is only 150 years old ! And as someone who’s grandmother lived during the dust bowl; trust me humanity has and can really mess with climate! That was by simply plowing up plains grass native to North America which was adapted to the drought conditions we periodically had about every 20 years !
Irregardless of what you've been told, in past history they used hot water heaters.
More kids should have to work on a farm. Hard work teaches ...
Milankovitch cycles: go here - b-ok.cc/s/Milankovitch (free pdf downloads) - they are NOT his books, but discussions of his work.
I wonder if a volcano erupted under the ice sheet ?
yes - now what is your next question?
East coast dredgers have brought up very old bones from long long ago. One of the bones had Solutrian arrow implanted in the bones of a wooly mammoth or mastodon. Solutrians migrated from Europe during the last ice age
It was a knife actually. Clovis and Solutrean points have a lot in common. While I think it's possible that some people may have made a journey across the North Atlantic following the edge of the pack ice and hunting seals. I seriously doubt there was a concerted migration effort. Clovis seems to fade away with the onset of the Younger Dryas. What was the cause of the onset of the YD is of some debate the agent isn't to my knowledge. The agent was a massive release of fresh water from where it was impounded. Whether the release was triggered by the warming climate of the Bolling-Allorod that reached a tipping point or due to a possible impact. There seems to be evidence pointing to an impact in the form of impact proxies. The big sticking point is the lack of a crater. The recent discovery of Hiawatha Crater on Greenland has renewed the debate to a degree. The question is just how old is the crater. It is my understanding the ice in the crater appears to be only 12000 years old. Another thing that points to an impact event of some sort is the existence of the Carolina Bays and the Nebraska Rain Water Basins. If allowance is made for the trajectory of objects thrown out from an impact are traced back they converge on the general area of Saginaw Michigan. The competing explanation is that these features are the result of wind action.
IN YOUR FUTURE MILANKOVICH CYCLE LECTURE WOULD IT BE POSSIBLE TO INCLUDE THE ALTITHERMAL? WAS IT JUST ON THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT, OR GLOBAL?
You certainly got me thinking! Never heard of the Milankovich cycles, however 30 years ago as a graduate student at Colorado State University in Archaelology Field class I had the opportunity to help a geologist, James Benedict (Benedict, James & Benedict, Robert & Lee, Craig & Staley, Dennis. (2008). Spruce trees from a melting ice patch: Evidence for Holocene climatic change in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. Holocene. 18. 1067-1076. 10.1177/0959683608095578. ) , dates prehistoric occupations at high altitudes above Boulder, Colorado on Rawlins Pass, and again above Salida ,Colorado on Monarch Pass. We were looking at prehistoric game drifts. One theory that we hoped would help date the drives and explain the occupation at such high altitudes was that during hot dry periods, such as the altithermal, people moved to higher altitudes following game and water. The drives/drifts were dated much more recent, about 900 A.D.
"...a shifting of weight inside the Earth takes place, caused for example by the creation of gigantic lakes by damming and by creating hollow caverns due to the exploitation of petroleum and gas, etc. And thereby unnatural inner-Earth movements are created, which also lead to unnatural tectonic effects and cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, which also in turn cause enormous climatic changes, resulting in horrendous tornadoes of devastating proportions which in the end will set their destructive energies free on the entire world. All of this will lead to increasingly horrible floods and unusually massive snowfalls which will advance to the southern countries and finally even to the equatorial regions, because through the insanity of human beings...
Real late to the party: Appalachia went from being predominantly Blue to being dominantly Red when coal mines started cutting their production due to the changing export economy and perhaps even climate debate. This is not a partisan statement since it does not get into the finger pointing. The people most affected by the change in situation have nobody to blame but the government, and it is easy peasy to swing them to oppose the current government while at the same time being brainwashed into believing that coal has nothing to do with climate change. All they know is coal and steel, and somebody is coming for their jobs. Enough said.
Call it petrocaching, maybe.
ONLY ICE or PERMAFROST ?
When a kid or young person or an older vibrant person becomes a student of higher learning and stumbles across a great teacher, the world changes. It takes just one great teacher to completely change and direct someone's life. Just one. If I find one, hear of one I do not care what they are teaching, I take those classes. Those rare and special teachers open doors to other dimensions...sorry to go off but that is how passionate and thankful for the special teachers in my life.
CO2 does not regulate climate whatsoever. It is the sun that is our engine. Venus and Mars probably had organic life and oceans at one time. When the core of Mars came to a halt and Venus? Cloud cover should cool not heat. Both Mars and Venus are 95% and 97% CO2 respectively for atmospheres. One is brutally cold the other brutally hellish.
CO2 has a critical cycle all life on this planet depends upon... .04% is ridiculously LOW. CO2 has been .7% in the far far past. That is 7000 ppm. Yet not even 1% of our atmosphere. No humans letting off gas that wasn't normal. CO2 is one of the major players in homeostasis, staying the same or stabilizing weather and making patterns predictable. Making life POSSIBLE.
Think about this. At .015% atmospheric CO2 or 150 ppm...ALL PLANT LIFE THAT PHOTOSYNTHESIZES DIES. 400ppm now, if the goody-two-shoes people manage to reduce CO2 from 400 ppm down to 200 to 150 ppm, they or we will kill all life on this planet. Once we hit a certain atmospheric CO2 parts per million a bit of a domino effect will happen. I mean really, how could we get CO2 released from oceans and soils fast enough to build up the CO2 to save the plants. Animals follow in death within months. We humans don't know what we are doing. This is like giving babies matches to play with. CO2 is not a problem now, it has never been a problem and will never be a problem in the future.
CO2 is WHY we and all life are HERE on this planet. There is no global warming. Certainly not because of CO2! I WISH there was global warming. Anyway, all of us have been in the Eddy Grand Solar Minimum since 2014. The entire solar system. A major cooling period.
These Grand Solar Minimums are a very regular cycle of the Sun's little nap, 206 years. Unbelievable people imagine that our normal and rather low amount of CO2 is causing 'warming'. Nothing solid to point at to say, "see! I told you so". Nothing. So easy to throw up pictures of calving glaciers, a dead polar bear, the tsunamis in Indonesia, and expect people to believe whatever the words are connected to the pictures. We are so gullible!
Look up the Maunder and the Dalton GSMs. The one we are in right now is named the Eddy Minimum. History records 206 years ago are fairly reliable. Today, Polar bears are great, coral reefs are ecstatic, the ocean has been cooling since 2004, there hasn't been one tiny bit of sea-level change which I find weird because it is always changing in minuscule amounts, continental glaciers calve when the ice grows out OVER the sea, Antarctica had one of the coldest or the coldest winters ever recorded this past winter, absolutely no one is selling their beachside property, boo hoo and speculation of climate from one person's view is completely noncredible. Not with our short short short life lines. Look up the New Madrid and how it is intrinsically connected to these GSMs. Or go buy those air conditioners! Grins.
@@ducthman4737 I love you right back. If I didn't before, I'll be getting to know Heller/Goddard far better. I am so pissed with some of my ex loved scientists; Kaku, deGrasse, Greene. Have you heard of Casey and Upheaval? His 3rd co-authored book, mainly about the New Madrid Fault?
So very nice to meet you Mr. Ducthman. It gets lonely out here and beaten up in comment-land. Is the misspelling correct/on purpose? I think all the smart people just don't waste their time commenting on these things. We live off grid and I became a huge recluse. Hubby was always a recluse even working at Boeing for 25 years. He just told me they laid 16000 employees off. Ouch. Welcome to our world. It is peaceful and I would trade our life for a million bucks. I think? Grins. It is so nice to get a very welcomed reply from obviously one of us smart, logical, step back and see the big picture clan people. Major huggs back! I'll keep my eye out for you and your comments...
@@ducthman4737 Let me know what you think, later?
And another one out of the park. If I understand you, the climate agree/disagree is religious; don't need data to back it up. I am a climate denier because I don't believe the data agrees with the results. Look forward to #35...
i think you mean hydrogen, nick.
10:07 start
Nick Bobble Head Nodder Yes & No.
Plasticine?!