The Fort Builders of Stone Age Siberia | Amnya Cultural Complex
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- Опубликовано: 10 апр 2024
- Common wisdom about societal development holds that normally, monumental and defensive architecture are features of complex civilizations, usually based around agriculture. Recently however this picture is starting to change. The discovery in 1987 of the Amnya Complex in Siberia has revealed a fortified settlement apparently constructed during the Stone Age by hunter-gatherers.
Reevaluated in the early 2000s, the site of Amnya is dated to about 6100 BC, with full habitation dating to about 6000-5900 BC. It was later abandoned and reoccupied at some point during the fourth millennium BC. Amnya, more properly known as Amnya I, is one of at least eight sites in Western Siberia dating to the Stone Age, and serves as evidence that complex structures and probably a complex society was developed by hunter-gatherers in the area, well before agriculture was introduced to the area
SOURCES:
The World's Oldest Known Promontory Fort: Amnya and the acceleration of hunter-gatherer diversity in Siberia 8000 years ago, Piezonka et al
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Obviously the ruins of a missile silo. Most likely used during the Finno-Korean Hyperwar.
😂😂😂
Could be. It overlooks Pete Boggs who was the brother of Wade Boggs who played third for the Red Sox.
God tier meme reference
Literal fact
Hey Graham
Between this and Gobekli Tepe, I think we're going to keep finding evidence of complex societies before "civilization" properly arose.
I agree
One other thing I'm curious is what can defined as civilization and what can not
And Gobekli Tepe is far from the only such sites. And not the oldest one either....
Exactly, the trouble is, humans gather where waters meet. Now nearly all of this land is under water due to glacial melt and sea level rise. A really good underwater robot needs to be developed to find these areas as some are 400 feet or more under water. Lots to find, just super difficult to get to.
@@thesjkexperience A lot of it might be eroded by now, sadly. Still worth trying. Same with parts of the formerly Green Sahara.
There's another site in Turkey called Boncuklu Tarla that's even older than Gobekli Tepe and has only just begun to be excavated.
so cool, a settlement before agriculture
Evidence of plowing, a plow being pulled by cattle has recently been discovered in Europe dating back 7000 years. This discovery is rare because tilled soil being preserved in stratigrafy is rare. But it is important because we have verification of agriculture dating to the stone age.
Mike - top notch video as usual.
I really appreciate the channel’s movement between large, sweeping topics and much more focused niche archaeological sites whose findings can then be extrapolated onto larger issues.
This sounds similar to the semi-nomadic societies of the American South West. I believe that agriculture was common, but that most fortified settlements weren't occupied year-round. Maybe the tribes would select out the most defensive land in an area that they'd like to return to regularly, and re-occupy them when the game was plenty.
I think it makes sense that the transition from nomadic - semi-nomadic - permanently settled was slow, and varied across populations and individuals. Imagine being part of a hunter gatherers society, and the need arises for pottery. Well, you're staying for a few months in the same spot anyway while the hunting is good, so your tribe is slowly building up amenities there. A pottery wheel, some kilns, workshops, drying racks, food storage, etc. Slowly over time, some of the society stays put to keep on producing those products while the rest follow the herds and these groups trade their foods & tools, both with each other and "outsiders".
More like the Pacific Northwest cultures, where hunter-gathering was so productive that sedentary and socially stratified societies could develop in lieu of grain agriculture.
Thanks! Your presentation on these forts was more complete and nuanced than anything else I've come across. Please keep making long and short videos. You can interest me in just about anything! :)
You’re welcome!
10:34 Even the way you explain the Binaries probably didn't exist either. Like Hunter Gatherers can be remarkably local and farmers can be somewhat nomadic, moving with each season.
Very interesting. Thank You
and I did research on this Amnya Fort yesterday for my video game I am developing...
wow...
what a coincidence...
Algorithm at its best
Now I'm intrigued what's the game about you're developing 😃
@stefanfranke5651 it better be Tartaria vs the giants of Siberia.
@@gamediverbr
but I was not expecting to see a video on this subject... 😏
@@stefanfranke5651
It's Civ like video game that will be about Human History and Turn Based.
I am trying to make it historically accurate as much as possible while making it very very interesting and optimized
There was a stone Mesoamerican town at the corner where Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico meet. When the Spaniards found it the town was mostly abandoned as the locals mostly hunted the buffalo who drifted farther north over the decades.
I am a 76 yr old Texas Archaeologist and just what site are you taking about in the ?El Paso ? Area? There are Pueblo settlements, and Casa Grande in Arizona. But all these are corn farming cultures. Please state the location and site. There are stone structures around but all seem to date from after corn farming arrived from Mexico. . There was earthwork forts in Texas also with ditches and even bunker type small covered rooms covered with logs and earth. But these were CADDO corn farmers .
Arch-daises programmed order of the holy see professors only push up daisies. The obvious obfuscation Of iessa.👁🗨🤚🏾🙅🏾♂️
Ty for the video! Really interesting 👍
Absolutely fascinating
Another well researched video. Thanks. Also, can scientists do chemical analyses of the insides of pottery to determine what was stored in them?
There is a similar site a few hundred km further upriver. Kayukovo.
Use of stone in Siberia is noteworthy, as this implies this fort predate the iconic taiga forests seen today. No one uses stone in a place where wood is so cheap even in bulk, although in this case there was probably some wood to use along the river.
They were settled society. Enough fish to smoke and store for winter. It doesn't need to be grain.
In Finland there where houses without smoke pipe. All about 1 000 years ago, but you can find those even now. There are räppänä = little wood window where smoke goes.
Smoke sauna is still popular. It has same system. You warm it 4-5 hours and when fire and smoke are gone you take bad gas away. That sauna is luxus!!!! So fine löyly!😂
It's interesting that these dwellings were dug to what was probably below the frost line. To this day dug-outs are a common temporary dwelling in Russia to what in the west would be a temporary cabin. In the Soviet army there were standards for their construction at least up until the 1960s
If find it very interesting in that such a significant amount of excavation would have been capable, especially as there seems to be little record of metal depositions. Even quite soft earth is hard to move without metal tool. Metal-edged spades and shovels make such significant earthworks far more achievable.
It's amazing though, what ancient people could dig with antler tools.
Thank you.
Gosh I love your videos, re-watching it lol
Another cool video on an under-discussed topic, appreciate the content.
Glad you enjoyed it!
your channel is one of the best HISTORY channels ever!! i was looking for a video i watched about the war between Argentina and the UK but could not find it . did you delete it
?
There is another explanation. Siberian villages are besieged by bears and some fortifications to protect your family are very useful. At the time predators would have been abundant and they smell that meat you're roasting miles away. No evidence of warfare mentioned either....where are the human remains with wounds from fighting?
No mention of warfare but yes of social stratification
@@makutas-v261 One can mention or suggest anything but it takes evidence. Evidence of social categories would usually be if some people were buried with much care and grave goods whereas others were not given so much attention. Evidence of conflict is usually on skeletal remains or in artwork depicting such conflict.
This is fascinating. I've always wondered how and why social stratification came about in the first place, and needing a leader to protect your group from frequent attacks could certainly do it. Shame though how it became so engrained in us, the world might be a better place if we weren't so stratified.
The qualities of a leader may change but being lucky has always been one of them.
A group without a vision goes nowhere, a vision only exists in the eyes of one who then leads.
No leaderless society ever accomplished anything beyond basic subsistence and getting taken over by a neighbour with a hierarchy.
That's a schedule 3rd video this week?
is this a re upload? its a cool story and all but i thought you had made this video before
Nope, this is actually entirely new to me. Came across the paper about two weeks ago
@@TheFallofRome whaaat i that is sooo weard like i feel like i had seen the video before like only a few weeks ago.
anyway keep it up i guess
@@fenrirthedreadwolf3448 similar topic, different chanel
Edit: the fort building societyes of prehistoric Siberia by World Chronicles
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Agriculture isn't really possible without appropriate plants and animals. People got intelligent enough to work out how plants procreate so would set up a garden near a semi-permanent abode perhaps.
Hyperborea is real now I guess
The heartland of the world
They could find smelting , farming, husbandry and they would still call them hunter gatherers lol.
Oh yeah first one again!!!
planks? with stone tools? it's hard enough with a chainsaw guide :)
You can split wood with wedges made from wood, bone or antler. Felling trees with fire is also possible. Only need stone axes for trimming, smoothing and more intricate work. Stone age was more a wood age if you think about it.
@@stefanfranke5651 //You can split wood with wedges made from wood, bone or antler//
I can't. Hypothetically you might, although I challenge you to fell and process a single tree in one day using that method.
I wonder why it is assumed that they used planks, when just moments ago there was a comment that no evidence is found of the structures themselves (being made of wood without foundations).
@@GenghisVern It's exactly as tendious as it sounds. American pioneers spoke of Indians carving out the inside of a tree trunk to make a canoe using sea shells from the river and/or fire embers to carefully burn away the inside and were impressed what could be done without metal tools. However, that process took days and the Indians very quickly took to trading furs for metal tools as soon as they met Americans.
@@GenghisVern You stick the wedge in one end, and hammer it in, carefully following the grain, and the tree splits. It might take longer than a chainsaw, but you can do a tree in one day. Maybe not the first time you try it, but with practice. Ancient Europeans built lots of roads and buildings using this technique.
@@Sarcasticron hammer huh? I've split a few rails in my time. My real question is, where is the evidence when it was just said there was none? We can hypothesize an entire Gilligans Island water system if we want, albeit with slightly less probability of being correct.
3 degrees huh? Sounds catastrophic.
7:31 looks like they were trying to make a but hole. Have the scientists considered that?
I don't understand how this can be "the oldest fortified settlement in the world to date" as claimed at 0:19 given that; The walls of the City of Jericho date to ~8000BC and the settlement to 10,000BC
You left out "but without corresponding agriculture.."
@@twonumber22 He doesn't say this is the "oldest fortified site without corresponding agriculture" though, he says it is the oldest site, the sentence is finished, then he additionally comments that it is missing agriculture. The claim is still that it's the oldest fortified site.
he is simply saying we haven't found other fortified sites without agriculture.
Maybe he thinks Jericho isn't dated accurately.
@@floridaman318 maybe but he should say that.
Fortified settlements tell how far back warfare is.
They used to think Hunter gatherer societies were peaceful because sparsely populated, no ownership of items and food, and frequently moving from place to place. Now we see the fighting was enough that they needed to build protection.
Big implications... it seems we were born with this and not bit from a forbbiden apple once we stopped moving.
What
@floridaman318 I think he was too busy browsing reddit and looking at his funko pop collection to realize what he said didn't make sense
It was just a protectant from the wolf super pacs
You've established a fortified stronghold in my list of subscriptions.
That was the hide out of Conan the Barbarian.
🗿👍
second one
"Siberia before aggriculture" is an oxymoron since even today most oblasts grow very little.
i, for one regular joeschmoe, fan of history, uneducated in formal anthropological technical analysis, am very glad to hear that anthros and archeos are, more and more, admitting the “non-binary” between nomadical and or agricultural societies. Because from my own joeschmoe perspective, seems like, even if there were to be something approximating a binary concept of it, it’s like, there still has to a transitionary era somewhere in it, right? Or, also, are humans not adaptable? Are we not omnivores even in our modern days? Again from my regular uneducated dude perspective, it’s seems to me it’s like, yah, people groups went back and forth and amongst it as various food resources got used up or new ones were discovered, and were able to be like, ohhhhhhhh time to go back to eating this, or, oopsie it’s all gone,
time to go back to eating that.😅 So yah that’s my regular dude interpretation of stuff like that. And I even make a non-relateable comparison to my own self. Like, ohhhh yes I much prefer steak, bbq, and some buttered asparagus as my vegetable. But yo, steak is expensive!! Oopsie, gotta go back to eggs and bacon for breakfast and rice and beans steamed up real delicious for dinner.😁
Two things radiation testing in Siberia is bad. Two fire damage could just be a smoke house going up in flames
I hope that you are wrong becouse would be interesting to see Hunter-geatherers forts
@@domenstrmsek5625 yea some radiation testing showing wholly rhinos and Irish elk survived In much more recently in the vast forests /plains of Siberia but more researcher's came out and said be warned the testing is really bad for Siberia. And you probably got false tests
Of course they had to build forts, due to other humans being around!
How did you rate a climate cult propaganda tag?
2030/10
UN is a cult? lol
UGABUGA FORT 😂😂😂
I like that. More importantly I read this comment out loud to wife and my DOG started wagging his tail lmao
It's ooga booga bro. Get our ancestors' language right.
Ah, the peril of pottery. Once folks start with the pottery, it all begins to go wrong. Pretty soon you get nukes, and tik tok.
I'd rather have a hot brew from a cup than listen to your bull.
@@ChrisShortyAllen Cups? That is what the skulls of your enemy are for.
It's sad. Folks have forgotten their roots.
Pottery craft and it's consequences have been a disaster for humanity 😔
Hyperborean north eurasians
That’s great, love your work, god bless……how bout this en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Khaybar