Tackling global demographic challenges

저출산과의 전쟁: 주요 선진국과 한국의 출산율 대응
Thanks for joining us, you've tuned into Arirang's Within the Frame. I'm Han Da-eun in Seoul.
The world was once concerned about the ecological and social impact of overpopulation.
Now, things are quite different with rapidly falling birthrates across continents thwarting countries into uncharted territory of economic and social ramifications.
On today’s Within the Frame, we look into the global trend of population decline and explore strategies to address dwindling birthrates, with a particular focus on South Korea, home to the world's lowest fertility rate.
For that we have Choi Hyunsun, Professor of Public Administration at Myongji University joining us virtually tonight.
For another perspective on the pressing topic, we also have Willem Adema, Senior Economist at the OECD Social Policy Department joining us from Paris.
(ADEMA) Q1. According to recent statistics, over three-quarters of countries across the globe will not have high enough fertility rates to maintain population stability by 2050. Is the low birth rate becoming a global problem?
(CHOI) Q2. What’s noteworthy is that the top 15 richest countries are all experiencing a population decline. How do you see the correlation between wealth and birth rates in developed nations?
(ADEMA) Q3. Africa has the world’s highest total fertility rate of over 4.3. Given the current pace, a quarter of the global population is expected to live in Africa by 2050. Give us your analysis of the transformation in the global population landscape.
(CHOI) Q4. President Yoon has vowed to create a new ministry dedicated to tackling Korea’s plummeting birth rate which will be led by the deputy prime minister. How would the new ministry compare to the existing Presidential Committee on Aging Society and Population Policy?
(ADEMA) Q5.High private education and housing expenses and long working hours are some of the main reasons dragging down Korea’s birth rate, as you’ve also mentioned in past interviews. The Yoon administration has vowed to seek balanced regional development and various social reforms to prevent over-competition. What are your thoughts on the Yoon administration’s birthrate policies?
(CHOI) Q6. The government is looking into providing a large sum of money, of up to 100 million won, for every child birth. And according to a recent survey, over 60% of respondents said the cash payout motivates them to have a child. Is this a plausible idea given Korea’s fiscal soundness?
(ADEMA) Q7. A change in perspectives among the young generation is also a factor behind Korea’s plunging birth rate. A recent government survey showed that only 40% of young people see the need to get married, and 60% of them said having a child is not compulsory. What do you think is behind this new trend?
(CHOI) Q8. Korea’s current social systems, including national pension, health insurance and defense are all based on a fertility rate projection of 1.09. Would Korea be able to raise the rate from the current 0.68 to 1.09, and how long would it take?
(ADMEA) Q9. U.S. fertility rate dropped from 3.6 in the 1960s to 1.64 in 2021. But the country’s population grew 0.5% last year on the large influx of immigrants. Could active immigration policy be a viable solution to population decline in the U.S. as well as South Korea?
And that brings us to the end of this show.
Thank you for watching, and be sure to tune in same time tomorrow to join our conversation.
Good bye for now.
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2024-05-14, 18:30 (KST)