Creators like you make RUclips an amazing place. Thankyou for your quality content. I am watching this video from India, from the outskirts of a small city. Just wandering and feeling grateful that people like you exist. ( Vsauce, Physics Girl, Arvin Ash, Veretasiam etc etc ) All are great individuals.
@@TheTransitmtl i would guess its one of those two reasons (could also be both reasons combined): 1. They know and support each other 2. Hes a simp and wants her attention as hes crushing for her. What do you think lol?
Seems you don't know reality very well...? It's not like it would just burst into flames.... She'd have to hold the match under any part of the wood for a good bit before it would start burning. And even then it would take many minutes for the fire to spread. Comments that make no sense like yours are depressingly common. It's like you're either bots or people that have never done anything and have some seriously weird, illogical ways to "think".
@@MuscarV2 wow, thanks for stating the obvious. I was saying how much I liked the Ferris wheel model in a wacky way. Comments like yours that are condescending and insensible ain't rare and delightful either. It's like beheading someone for sneezing in the library!
@@nithyadavuluri7287 lmfao that guy has a stick so far up his own ass he wouldn't know to laugh or cry at his own sorry shit. how the heck does he even survive in youtube comments xD
Also illustrated here is that nonlocal structure and behavior can emerge from strictly local rulesets. One of the early - admittedly handmade - implementations of this insight was the use of "simulated annealing" for finding nonlocal optima using strictly local rules. Local rules can perform simple hill climbing in an obvious way, but the search will terminate upon hitting a local maximum. Short of allowing each local climber to confer with the others (thus destroying strict locality) what can we do? Simply shake the system periodically, to overcome local maxima. Each progressive shake is less forceful, so that the climbers tend to end up less far away from their starting point on a given iteration. What's good about this approach is its local rules leading to emergent global optimization, which not only lends itself to parallel implementation but also supports the natural emergence of such rules if they confer survival advantage. Adding noise to aid convergence is also a technique used in signal discrimination. I believe that the CDMA cellular protocol was one of the earlier implementations, or maybe it was spread spectrum.
Physics must be understood the way you do.. I am inspired from you and aiming to pursue a research carrier in physics. I am in 12th grade currently.. Love from India.
@ROHIT RANA Those will always be servants who study just for a job... We should remember Feynman's statement that everything must be studied in order to correct it, to verify and give the correct thing... A job aimed study will never leads toward enlightenment ...
Keep it up! Don't ever let yourself believe you can't learn something. And NEVER stop learning. Even years from now keep learning something new every day. At least 1 thing. You'll be amazed at what you're capable of by the time you're 30. And I want to say how much I respect you for having that drive to learn and being inspired by videos like this just the way I was, and still am to this day. I'm 37 years old by the way and still very much learning everything I can. I've got a stack of notebooks just like any school student. I watch college and university lectures online, and stuff like this. I read textbooks for fun. Even though I left school when I was only 14 because people beat me up and spit on me and the teachers treated me bad and so on. And I wasn't interesting in learning at that time. But thankfully I grew into it. And yeah, sure enough learning since I was 18 or 19, making a point of learning a few things each day, I now know and can do things I never would have thought I could learn. Because I'd see a subject like quantum mechanics and I wouldn't think "oh that's too hard, I'll never understand that. Why bother trying?" I'll go and try it anyways, even if I know I won't understand. Because you still pick up little bits and pieces here and there. Even if you don't realize it. And if you do that enough times with enough different resources for long enough, eventually you'll learn it just the same. It's not the fastest way to learn something. But anything worth learning is going to take a lot of time and effort to learn. So don't even worry about how long it takes you to learn something (unless you have a deadline for school hehe). Just enjoy the journey of learning! Sorry this wound up being rather long. But I respect the hell out of people like you and I just want to give you as much advice as I can from my own experiences. Even if it helps a little bit, that's fine by me. But I do hope this has been useful to you. By the way I also want to mention, your English is very good. Take care, and be well. Wishing you all the best from Canada.
The top-down vs bottom-up approach is one of the reasons I love statistical mechanics. Understanding heat and entropy as an arrangement of objects given certain parameters seem like a simple and nonstraight forward way to describe heat. Yet as you slowly expand the system into the macroscale, many emergent properties arise.
9:50 She says while sitting on an Ikea chair (I have the same one in the same color!). 13:34 Impostor syndrome. I'm sure your ideas on the subject are very much worth listening to.
Conway's game of life -- brings back many fond memories. Entertaining intro into cellular automata. I like the connections you made to biology and recent developments in cellular automata.
Conway's Game of Life is Turing-complete. There are configurations in the Game that simulate Turing machines. Combining that idea with the Recursion Theorem (there are Turing machines that output their own descriptions), you can produce configurations in the Game that simulate Turing machines that output their own descriptions.
O . O do you have examples? also, aren't turing machines... indistinguishable from humans or something? or is a turing machine different from passing the turing test...
@alveolate hermeneutist No, Turing test and Turing machine have nothing to do with each other, except both named after Alan Turing. A Turing machine is a simple, abstract model of a computer. It’s for example used to define what an algorithm is.
You clearly understand the subject well with how simply you are able to convey it. It's also refreshing to see a professional woman that makes no attempt to sell her material with low cut collars, layers of make up, etc.... In your case, though, Jade, you can't hide your natural elegance. Thank you for providing complex content in a simple enjoyable way.
Love this video! And I feel it's a really good way to show how higher order can be emergent. I see SO many people conflating the idea of "Because entropy increases, all systems work towards chaos." and "Chaos = inability to become more complex." . Entropy isn't a "loss of energy." It is the leveling of energy gradients: something like, "as the cold side warms up, the hot side cools down until they are both the same temperature." No energy was lost, just its ability to be used because of lack of differentiation. If we think of information in its most elementary form, it can consist of just a single energy difference. And with that, we have one piece of information. But if no differences are there, no information can be given / attained. Let's say you have two energy states: 0 and 2. If you come across this system and its energy gradients are 0000, no information can be attained. If its gradients are 2222, still no information can be attained. But if it was at 0220, there are now obviously 2 gradients. As the energy in the system works to equalize the gradients, eventually, no information can exist in the system. Because 0220 will eventually become 1111 once everything evens out. So the complexity isn't really affected. What IS affected, is the system's ability to hold onto information as the energy gradients are leveled out. However, given a system that has an energy source, (in this case, a computer and the electricity), then the system is no longer locally susceptible to the amount of entropy it would take to make the system lose information. This allows the formation of more complex information and actions from simple information. And voila! You have what we see in your video and in life!
This script was amazing! Things followed one after the other, the analogies were great, and the takeaway was thought-provoking. And to top it off, I learned a few solid facts too about the way nature works.
An amazing video, a really intuitive explanation of Conway's GoL - but it also leads me to question whether it's truly "simple". Yes, the rules are very simple, but if you start with a simple input (a single dot, a 2X2 square) it doesn't produce anything interesting, only when we input a complex starting point do we get interesting behaviour. I'm not an expert, but it seems to me that we haven't yet shown that a simple input with a simple ruleset leads to complexity, only that we can use a simple ruleset with a complex input or a simple input with a complex ruleset to create complexity.
One of the best arguments (for me) is, that if simulated universes are possible, there would be a simulation inside a simulation inside a simulation, going on forever, making it almost impossible that any specific world would be the original one (by chance). So if it is possible, we're almost certainly a simulation, and if we aren't a simulation we also most likely won't be able to create a super-computer strong enough to simulate a universe with sentience. So simply put... Either we are a simulated reality, or it's impossible to simulate realities. The chance that we are the first generation to think about it, in the infinity of space and time, is almost too ridiculously small to even consider it... But all the logical experiments end up at the same conclusion.. Either we are, or we aren't xD
@@liquidminds Very interesting commentary! We may or may not be living inside a simulation... but sure we are living in an illusion that we can wake up from what i mean is that as many atoms form a molecule, many molecules a cell, many cells an organ, many organs an animal, many animals a pack, many packs a society, many societies a civilization (i may be skipping lots of things, but sure the point is understood)... what will happen when humankind as a whole become a single sentient being on its own? The process indicates that we may find and merge with other planetary civilizations and form a bigger one and so on How vast and deep can grow our knowledge and understanding of everything? there's no limit... so, there you have the layers of the alleged simulation... nothing more (or nothing less) than different and ever increasing complex (visions of) realities BTW, @UpAndAtom, very interesting video!
I'm so excited to have a video I can share with my friends about complex adaptive systems! Whenever I try to do it I end up sounding like a crazy person. Thank you so much!
haha yeah whenever someone asked me what this video was about I'd end up sounding like a crazy person and defeatedly say "just wait til the video is out..."
About Gemini (for geeks only): It shows some "replication aspects" but it's not a full replicator, mainly because it does not copy it's "dna" (the stream of gliders that describe how to built it). When running the number of copies does not grow. As far as I know, the first full replicator is 0E0P which is also a universal constructor (if you manipulate the "dna" inside you can have it build anything you want) and also a meta cell (very zoomed out it looks like and behave as a cellular automaton cell and you can program it to emulate any rule). Search " OTCA metapixel" for an illustration of what is a meta cell. Gemini has an interesting property: basically it behaves as a spaceship, (because it just eventually reach the same state but translated) but the translation step is neither diagonal or orthogonal but oblique. Oblique spaceship are very rare in Conway's game of life.
Honestly, when I watch ur videos about more space stuff (like a year ago) I thought u had a bigger channel like may a million subs, but Idk why I thought so, may be because of the video quality 😆👍. So I feel u do deserve more than this... And it's good to see many responses to comment from u. Keep up the good work, and let ur dad know I 👏👌
@@upandatom yes the channel is growing. But please maintain the genuine quality content that you present. I really like your videos they present a natural approach towards things. I hope I had teacher like you in high school :) Don't dilute content to get more followers. You have really good high quality educated fan following, don't compromise that to get more and more ....
Great video as ever Jade! Though I don’t draw the same conclusions. While cellular automata can illustrate how a universe with relatively simple laws can support complex ‘life forms’, they are not responsible for creating those life forms. An external actor (the programmer) has to first create the laws but more importantly has to create the initial starting conditions. Using random initial starting conditions with Conway’s game of life can result in some interesting life forms, but the more complex ones you demonstrated inevitably need to be created by an external actor.
Who would you say “created” the laws of mathematics? It is a rich and complex system, but appears to exist on its own accord, rather than having been designed by some external actor.
@@mensaswede4028 that's a great question. My point though is simply that the laws cannot prove or disprove the existence of an external actor. At this point we move from science to philosophy. Philosophy has many ideas in this area
Paul McClean Well I am partial to the MUH (mathematical universe hypothesis), in which reality itself is nothing more than math, so the math itself is all you need to explain why we exist. But you are right, we will never “prove” anything. We are like an ant colony confined to the inside of a beach ball that is floating down a river. We sense the turbulence of the river, and suspect that there is a lot is going on that we don’t understand. But the ant colony has no hope of proving how the river formed from rainfall. Much less proving how the rain formed from evaporation from oceans due to star energy. There are extremely complex forces in play that are simply far too inaccessible to form scientific theories around them.
@@MrKelaher It isn't a miracle if this is the only universe we could have been in. We are only here to observe the universe because it's a universe where were are capable of existing. We have no way of observing what a universe we couldn't exist in would look like. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle
This is one of the best videos you have ever done. Congratulations. You are getting so good at this. As a physicist I found this fascinating and very deep.
Idk. 1. Supply materials and instructions to customer, 2. Customer assembles it themselves. Sounds like complex behaviour arising from simple rules. jk
Explaning why you've become a presenter rather than a researcher is a very honest, bold and gutsy statement! You have my utmost respect and admiration! I love your concise and to the point videos.
The glider is named for an actual mathematical operation known as a _glide transformation,_ which is a combined translation in some direction and reflection about a line in that direction. The Life glider undergoes a glide transformation every 2 moves. Every move it alternates between 2 shapes. So it takes 4 moves for it to repeat as a purely translated figure. Also note: "automata" is plural; the singular is "automaton." Fred
@@upandatom Quite welcome! I recall this from Scientific American's _Mathematical Games_ column around 1970, when Martin Gardner introduced many of us to the game of Life. In turn, I didn't know the thing got born on a Go board. Thanks for that, and lots of other info! Another trivium: There was actually a semi-popular board game named "Life" back around that time. I think it was a Milton Bradley product. So you used to have to call the automaton, "John Conway's game of Life" to avoid confusion sometimes. Fred
The end of this video is great. The bottom up vs top down paradigms and how science develops. Even Stephen Wolfram gets a shout out. These honest, deeper musings on the basic science is one of the things that distinguish this channel from many others.
That was a real intellectual treat for my inquisitive mind and actually much more than that, this kind of content keeps people like me motivated, in our path of discovering something new, always! Thank you very much. ☺
This video is actually phenomenal. It takes a question that everyone has probably wondered about at some point in time (i.e: how did life / complexity come about? could it have just "been built" on its own?) and gives it a satisfying answer. This must have taken a LOT of research, but more than that, a huge amount of alone thinking time to come to grips with such a far-reaching question. Amazing video! (And the ferris wheel at the start was a plus too :P)
Jade your channel is just great. What I notice is you don't confine yourself to one area (although it seems physics is your thing). Instead, you seem to be interested in everything and want to synthesize and find connections between all areas from philosophy to physics to biology. All done with an endearing enthusiasm and wonder. And I like how you stress how you sometimes have struggled in the past to understand some concepts. I think it is exactly this wrestling with concepts that produces a better teacher. And you clearly are an excellent teacher. Keep up the great work.
@@upandatom It is amazing. Sparking the interest of science in someone is an achievement that all educational You Tubers should strive for. Great job Jade!
Excellent. There is real depth underneath the very approachable presenting style. I would expect that you are well placed to indeed come up with original ideas in this area and I look forward to seeing it.
Jade: excellent video! What will the end of the universe, do for the “meaning” of what knowledge we will have accumulated? This is just a thought experiment, considering the value of what we learn . Similar to the question you asked here about the order of discovery.
All our scientific laws are simplified models of reality, and only an approximation of reality. Like Newton had a rough model of gravity, Einstein had a completely different model of gravity which is more accurate. And then we have quantum gravity... Since these are just approximations, it is absolutely possible to have a completely different models, approaching the same piece of reality from an entirely different ways. And all these very different models can provide a different view on the very same reality. So yes, I could imagine having very different physics describing our reality, with similar precision.
@@triton62674 It might be a way of getting more easily to some new conclusions. There's a reason in math you often have several different, seemingly unrelated definitions for the same thing (which students then often have to prove are really equivalent).
triton62674 Because different models give you better predictions in different circumstances. Wave model predicts photon behavior in some cases, particle model in other cases. Newton model gives adequate predictions with simple math, relativity gives more precision with complicated math. To have the perfect model for a system with N particles, you need a computer with N particles. So we need to cut corners to simplify it, but don’t lose too much precision. Different models cut different corners.
Michael Bishop I just told you different theories for gravity, both with very good predictive power. Newton, and Relativity. If you don’t know the differences between these 2, then YOU don’t understand science. And here is quantum gravity: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gravity Please put more effort into learning before commenting...
@@upandatomits very interesting how close physics and philosophy are. I mean in buddhism they have 4 states of being. A thing can have existence and non existence at the same time. A lot of their theory are very similar to the stuff found in quantum physics
@@queeny5613 as interesting as both physics and buddhism both are in their ideas, it is often a false equivalence to equate ideas in theology/philosophy and ideas in physics and as such one should be careful with it. The ability to see effects of quatum superposition is not something one can reasonably expect to be observable during the time of buddhism.
@@queeny5613 yes it is really fascinating that sometimes starting from really different goals and in different ways, philosophy and physics do chance upon the same things. Sorry if the earlier reply appeared lowkey hostile, need to deal with a lot of attempts to basically handwave ancient indian mythos and religion into modern science in my day to day life as a person of indian origin studying physics.
Just letting you know that I am nonetheless looking forward to seeing you talk about invention vs. discovery in/of maths and other sciences. I am strongly convinced that I am not the only one, so please, make a video or two about the topic here on RUclips as well! Thanks for the quality and content of your videos!!
This is an amazing video, you touched upon Science and it's consequences on humanity today, made me think quite a bit and it was quite philosophical too, which I absolutely loved!! Keep going and continue to upload more amazing videos like this in the future, Cheers!
Not going to lie, I started watching Cantor's Infinity Paradox for school and almost 2-hours later I ended up here and still going strong. Literally every video is awesome and so interesting. Great job
Game of life was the first program I did in my masters parallel programming. C++ OMP and Cuda programming then outputting the runs to gifs... oh such good times.. always so exciting when I see another Up and Atom video!
I am glad I found this, Now Wolfram's, "A New Science", is becoming understandable, as always your ability to explain concepts and ideas is outstanding! We know for sure that your Father finds Tremendous Joy in working on Projects with you!
It’s great that you build up to Wolfram instead of just name dropping him from the start like most would. These ideas didn’t begin with him but he really brought it all together and shaped an advanced understanding. Very interesting.
So if you start with a program, pre-design by an intelligence, and introduce patterns with a lot parts to begin with, then you get complex behaviours? So, accordingly nature requires an intelligence to pre-program it, starting with complex multi-celled organisms to produce complex patterns? Doesn't this just prove Intelligent Design?
Life was the first thing I wrote when I added a C compiler to my Kaypro II computer. I learned a lot writing and refining the program and the designs were hypnotic to watch.
I am watching all your videos for quite a while, I don't know why this is more interesting than Netflix movies.. your are genius jade.. thanks for making these videos
This video was fascinating! Keep doing what you’re doing and you will have a huge positive effect on the science of the next generation. I am thankful the world has educators like you.
The way you started! OMG! It is comparable with Vsause(1)'s best relation of a completely another topic to the main one! If not already far better! Keep *up* the good work *and atoms* will Parise you. 😂👍🏻
Vsauce can't hold a candle to her. Perhaps I should rephrase that. Ms. Atom is phenomenal. I'm not a fan of the sauce guy. What does Vsauce even mean? "Reads wikipedia and tries to summarize"? Un-subbed years ago. Check out PBS Spacetime and SciShow.
@@JiveDadson already a fan of theirs too. That guy is awesome too, and she too both in thier own ways I didn't mean on any manner to compare them but to show a level of how authentic and awesome she is, and that she has got an excellent sence of connecting things to one another, which is quiet rare.
This channel is incredible thanks. I learn from the videos and the perspective you shared at the end of this one is really inspiring. That was really cool.
Incidentally I have a piece of art representing this phenomena in my home, and none of my friends ever seem to understand it. I, being a molecular/evolutionary biologist, but not a programmer, am poor at explaining it to my programmer friends. Now I'm just going to show them this video. Great job capturing the concept and showing it in action!
Your videos make interesting, informative and exceptional contents accessible in parts of the world where such contents are not so easily available. Your contents explain such complex contents with good visuals and easy to understand narratives that helps to quench the thirst of mind. Thank you from Bangladesh and please keep the contents coming.
One of my very favorite theorems. I love how some sets keep going on for infinity and others cancel out. It blew my mind when I first saw Conway's game of life. Physics and math just show me how amazing and mysterious the universe is. If I wasn't rushed through college by my parents I would've majored in physics instead of biology/medicine. Quantum mechanics gives me comfort. I'm so going to sign up on Brilliant so I can learn Calculus based physics.
First of all this is a very good video! A way of thinking of life that makes some sense to me. I got some answers to questions I wasn't even thinking about :) But the last part was the one that really caught my attention because I'm having some of the same questions and I don't really know where to start searching. So I'll definitely look forward to your next videos! Thank you for being so open and sharing your experience! I am rooting for you!
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Creators like you make RUclips an amazing place. Thankyou for your quality content. I am watching this video from India, from the outskirts of a small city. Just wandering and feeling grateful that people like you exist. ( Vsauce, Physics Girl, Arvin Ash, Veretasiam etc etc ) All are great individuals.
This was breathtakingly good. Really really good. I also loved your honesty at the end about presenting your own ideas. Can't wait to see it 🤓🥳
Yeah me too, great channel btw!
Thanks Rohin :)
what if I told you the game of life can run game of life within the game of life
Why are you always top comment on all this channels videos?
@@TheTransitmtl i would guess its one of those two reasons (could also be both reasons combined): 1. They know and support each other 2. Hes a simp and wants her attention as hes crushing for her. What do you think lol?
My heart almost stopped when u took a lit match near the ferris wheel model. Anyways, amazing video as always!
me too! i was like, sure the wooden contraption ain't as amazing as the other examples of fractal complexity, but it's still pretty cool...
Seems you don't know reality very well...? It's not like it would just burst into flames.... She'd have to hold the match under any part of the wood for a good bit before it would start burning. And even then it would take many minutes for the fire to spread.
Comments that make no sense like yours are depressingly common. It's like you're either bots or people that have never done anything and have some seriously weird, illogical ways to "think".
@@MuscarV2 wow, thanks for stating the obvious. I was saying how much I liked the Ferris wheel model in a wacky way. Comments like yours that are condescending and insensible ain't rare and delightful either.
It's like beheading someone for sneezing in the library!
Jade says, “Dad, is that you?”
@@nithyadavuluri7287 lmfao that guy has a stick so far up his own ass he wouldn't know to laugh or cry at his own sorry shit. how the heck does he even survive in youtube comments xD
This is an amazingly fun video 💆♀️
Hey Jabril!
yo
Yes jabrils comments in up and atom and up and atom in jabrils
Simple rules create complex patterns: The power of emergence! For me, emergence is one of the most important principles of the universe.
Also illustrated here is that nonlocal structure and behavior can emerge from strictly local rulesets.
One of the early - admittedly handmade - implementations of this insight was the use of "simulated annealing" for finding nonlocal optima using strictly local rules.
Local rules can perform simple hill climbing in an obvious way, but the search will terminate upon hitting a local maximum.
Short of allowing each local climber to confer with the others (thus destroying strict locality) what can we do? Simply shake the system periodically, to overcome local maxima. Each progressive shake is less forceful, so that the climbers tend to end up less far away from their starting point on a given iteration. What's good about this approach is its local rules leading to emergent global optimization, which not only lends itself to parallel implementation but also supports the natural emergence of such rules if they confer survival advantage.
Adding noise to aid convergence is also a technique used in signal discrimination. I believe that the CDMA cellular protocol was one of the earlier implementations, or maybe it was spread spectrum.
"A quick walk in the garden......" - then a kangaroo shows up. Australia in a nutshell
Went looking for this exact comment
That's a wallaby mate
I’ve had a kangaroo knock over my bloody bin. They also casually brush past my house - they’re mostly docile though.
I love Oz. Been there. Left my heart there. Antipode. 25 hrs of flight, worth of it. Off-topic, of course. Siiighhhhh...
Really underrated channel 🐱❤
Overrated
Physics must be understood the way you do.. I am inspired from you and aiming to pursue a research carrier in physics. I am in 12th grade currently.. Love from India.
good luck!
@@upandatom Thank you so much mam... May I ask you who has been your inspiration in the field of Science..
It is this "Standing on the shoulders of giants" or building on what has gone before so it is this human quest for knowledge that is inspirational.
Binod
@ROHIT RANA Those will always be servants who study just for a job... We should remember Feynman's statement that everything must be studied in order to correct it, to verify and give the correct thing... A job aimed study will never leads toward enlightenment
...
The production quality of the video is on a higher level than your past videos. Very well done. On to million more subscribers.
thank you :)
Keep it up! Don't ever let yourself believe you can't learn something. And NEVER stop learning. Even years from now keep learning something new every day. At least 1 thing. You'll be amazed at what you're capable of by the time you're 30. And I want to say how much I respect you for having that drive to learn and being inspired by videos like this just the way I was, and still am to this day. I'm 37 years old by the way and still very much learning everything I can. I've got a stack of notebooks just like any school student. I watch college and university lectures online, and stuff like this. I read textbooks for fun. Even though I left school when I was only 14 because people beat me up and spit on me and the teachers treated me bad and so on. And I wasn't interesting in learning at that time. But thankfully I grew into it.
And yeah, sure enough learning since I was 18 or 19, making a point of learning a few things each day, I now know and can do things I never would have thought I could learn. Because I'd see a subject like quantum mechanics and I wouldn't think "oh that's too hard, I'll never understand that. Why bother trying?" I'll go and try it anyways, even if I know I won't understand. Because you still pick up little bits and pieces here and there. Even if you don't realize it. And if you do that enough times with enough different resources for long enough, eventually you'll learn it just the same. It's not the fastest way to learn something. But anything worth learning is going to take a lot of time and effort to learn. So don't even worry about how long it takes you to learn something (unless you have a deadline for school hehe). Just enjoy the journey of learning!
Sorry this wound up being rather long. But I respect the hell out of people like you and I just want to give you as much advice as I can from my own experiences. Even if it helps a little bit, that's fine by me. But I do hope this has been useful to you. By the way I also want to mention, your English is very good. Take care, and be well. Wishing you all the best from Canada.
The top-down vs bottom-up approach is one of the reasons I love statistical mechanics. Understanding heat and entropy as an arrangement of objects given certain parameters seem like a simple and nonstraight forward way to describe heat. Yet as you slowly expand the system into the macroscale, many emergent properties arise.
9:50 She says while sitting on an Ikea chair (I have the same one in the same color!).
13:34 Impostor syndrome. I'm sure your ideas on the subject are very much worth listening to.
Jade your Nebula pitch here is righteously compelling. You made it personal, from a place of honesty and humility.
Conway's game of life -- brings back many fond memories. Entertaining intro into cellular automata. I like the connections you made to biology and recent developments in cellular automata.
Conway's Game of Life is Turing-complete. There are configurations in the Game that simulate Turing machines. Combining that idea with the Recursion Theorem (there are Turing machines that output their own descriptions), you can produce configurations in the Game that simulate Turing machines that output their own descriptions.
yes it is! so fascinating
O . O
do you have examples?
also, aren't turing machines... indistinguishable from humans or something?
or is a turing machine different from passing the turing test...
@alveolate hermeneutist No, Turing test and Turing machine have nothing to do with each other, except both named after Alan Turing.
A Turing machine is a simple, abstract model of a computer. It’s for example used to define what an algorithm is.
It also means that you could run Conway's Game of Life within Conway's Game of Life.
@@nahco3994 it has been done
You are a top-level presenter of complex information. This self-replication/nanotech episode was FANTASTIC!!!
You clearly understand the subject well with how simply you are able to convey it. It's also refreshing to see a professional woman that makes no attempt to sell her material with low cut collars, layers of make up, etc.... In your case, though, Jade, you can't hide your natural elegance. Thank you for providing complex content in a simple enjoyable way.
Love this video! And I feel it's a really good way to show how higher order can be emergent. I see SO many people conflating the idea of "Because entropy increases, all systems work towards chaos." and "Chaos = inability to become more complex."
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Entropy isn't a "loss of energy." It is the leveling of energy gradients: something like, "as the cold side warms up, the hot side cools down until they are both the same temperature." No energy was lost, just its ability to be used because of lack of differentiation. If we think of information in its most elementary form, it can consist of just a single energy difference. And with that, we have one piece of information. But if no differences are there, no information can be given / attained. Let's say you have two energy states: 0 and 2. If you come across this system and its energy gradients are 0000, no information can be attained. If its gradients are 2222, still no information can be attained. But if it was at 0220, there are now obviously 2 gradients. As the energy in the system works to equalize the gradients, eventually, no information can exist in the system. Because 0220 will eventually become 1111 once everything evens out.
So the complexity isn't really affected. What IS affected, is the system's ability to hold onto information as the energy gradients are leveled out. However, given a system that has an energy source, (in this case, a computer and the electricity), then the system is no longer locally susceptible to the amount of entropy it would take to make the system lose information. This allows the formation of more complex information and actions from simple information. And voila! You have what we see in your video and in life!
The symmetry in this video is just as beautiful as the relationship shared between your intelligence and countenance.
This script was amazing! Things followed one after the other, the analogies were great, and the takeaway was thought-provoking. And to top it off, I learned a few solid facts too about the way nature works.
An amazing video, a really intuitive explanation of Conway's GoL - but it also leads me to question whether it's truly "simple". Yes, the rules are very simple, but if you start with a simple input (a single dot, a 2X2 square) it doesn't produce anything interesting, only when we input a complex starting point do we get interesting behaviour. I'm not an expert, but it seems to me that we haven't yet shown that a simple input with a simple ruleset leads to complexity, only that we can use a simple ruleset with a complex input or a simple input with a complex ruleset to create complexity.
She: our world isnt a computer simulation programmed by someone...
Vsauce: Or is it?
One of the best arguments (for me) is, that if simulated universes are possible, there would be a simulation inside a simulation inside a simulation, going on forever, making it almost impossible that any specific world would be the original one (by chance). So if it is possible, we're almost certainly a simulation, and if we aren't a simulation we also most likely won't be able to create a super-computer strong enough to simulate a universe with sentience.
So simply put... Either we are a simulated reality, or it's impossible to simulate realities. The chance that we are the first generation to think about it, in the infinity of space and time, is almost too ridiculously small to even consider it...
But all the logical experiments end up at the same conclusion.. Either we are, or we aren't xD
Ha best comment!
And how much does it weigh?
@@liquidminds and at the end of the day, if we are or aren't in a simulation isn't relevant
@@liquidminds Very interesting commentary!
We may or may not be living inside a simulation... but sure we are living in an illusion that we can wake up from
what i mean is that as many atoms form a molecule, many molecules a cell, many cells an organ, many organs an animal, many animals a pack, many packs a society, many societies a civilization (i may be skipping lots of things, but sure the point is understood)... what will happen when humankind as a whole become a single sentient being on its own?
The process indicates that we may find and merge with other planetary civilizations and form a bigger one and so on
How vast and deep can grow our knowledge and understanding of everything? there's no limit... so, there you have the layers of the alleged simulation... nothing more (or nothing less) than different and ever increasing complex (visions of) realities
BTW, @UpAndAtom, very interesting video!
I'm so excited to have a video I can share with my friends about complex adaptive systems! Whenever I try to do it I end up sounding like a crazy person. Thank you so much!
haha yeah whenever someone asked me what this video was about I'd end up sounding like a crazy person and defeatedly say "just wait til the video is out..."
4:27 Vsauce music plays
About Gemini (for geeks only): It shows some "replication aspects" but it's not a full replicator, mainly because it does not copy it's "dna" (the stream of gliders that describe how to built it). When running the number of copies does not grow. As far as I know, the first full replicator is 0E0P which is also a universal constructor (if you manipulate the "dna" inside you can have it build anything you want) and also a meta cell (very zoomed out it looks like and behave as a cellular automaton cell and you can program it to emulate any rule). Search "
OTCA metapixel" for an illustration of what is a meta cell. Gemini has an interesting property: basically it behaves as a spaceship, (because it just eventually reach the same state but translated) but the translation step is neither diagonal or orthogonal but oblique. Oblique spaceship are very rare in Conway's game of life.
Honestly, when I watch ur videos about more space stuff (like a year ago) I thought u had a bigger channel like may a million subs, but Idk why I thought so, may be because of the video quality 😆👍. So I feel u do deserve more than this... And it's good to see many responses to comment from u. Keep up the good work, and let ur dad know I 👏👌
I'll let him know! And thank you! The channel is growing, slowly but surely :)
@@upandatom yes the channel is growing.
But please maintain the genuine quality content that you present.
I really like your videos they present a natural approach towards things.
I hope I had teacher like you in high school :)
Don't dilute content to get more followers.
You have really good high quality educated fan following, don't compromise that to get more and more ....
Great video as ever Jade! Though I don’t draw the same conclusions. While cellular automata can illustrate how a universe with relatively simple laws can support complex ‘life forms’, they are not responsible for creating those life forms. An external actor (the programmer) has to first create the laws but more importantly has to create the initial starting conditions. Using random initial starting conditions with Conway’s game of life can result in some interesting life forms, but the more complex ones you demonstrated inevitably need to be created by an external actor.
Who would you say “created” the laws of mathematics? It is a rich and complex system, but appears to exist on its own accord, rather than having been designed by some external actor.
@@mensaswede4028 that's a great question. My point though is simply that the laws cannot prove or disprove the existence of an external actor. At this point we move from science to philosophy. Philosophy has many ideas in this area
Paul McClean Well I am partial to the MUH (mathematical universe hypothesis), in which reality itself is nothing more than math, so the math itself is all you need to explain why we exist. But you are right, we will never “prove” anything. We are like an ant colony confined to the inside of a beach ball that is floating down a river. We sense the turbulence of the river, and suspect that there is a lot is going on that we don’t understand. But the ant colony has no hope of proving how the river formed from rainfall. Much less proving how the rain formed from evaporation from oceans due to star energy. There are extremely complex forces in play that are simply far too inaccessible to form scientific theories around them.
1:26 the wheel thingy: Am I joke to you??
No, we are miracles. In all the universes, we are in this one. Lucky huh ?
@@MrKelaher It isn't a miracle if this is the only universe we could have been in.
We are only here to observe the universe because it's a universe where were are capable of existing.
We have no way of observing what a universe we couldn't exist in would look like.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle
This is one of the best videos you have ever done. Congratulations. You are getting so good at this. As a physicist I found this fascinating and very deep.
thank you that means a lot :)
“This would completely revolutionize IKEA's furniture model.”
Truer words were never spoken. :D
Idk. 1. Supply materials and instructions to customer, 2. Customer assembles it themselves.
Sounds like complex behaviour arising from simple rules. jk
Explaning why you've become a presenter rather than a researcher is a very honest, bold and gutsy statement! You have my utmost respect and admiration! I love your concise and to the point videos.
U inspire me to make stuff to understand concepts !
Your channel is amazing, full stop. Thank you for everything you do.
Jade's is by far the most entertaining existential crisis I've ever witnessed.
For years I have been following many similar youtube channels and absorbing in such content. This still blows my mind. Superb work you are doing.
The Mandelbrot set: A fractal universe from a simple equation . . .
The glider is named for an actual mathematical operation known as a _glide transformation,_ which is a combined translation in some direction and reflection about a line in that direction.
The Life glider undergoes a glide transformation every 2 moves. Every move it alternates between 2 shapes. So it takes 4 moves for it to repeat as a purely translated figure.
Also note: "automata" is plural; the singular is "automaton."
Fred
ah I didn't know that! (about the glider) thanks Fred!
@@upandatom Quite welcome! I recall this from Scientific American's _Mathematical Games_ column around 1970, when Martin Gardner introduced many of us to the game of Life.
In turn, I didn't know the thing got born on a Go board. Thanks for that, and lots of other info!
Another trivium: There was actually a semi-popular board game named "Life" back around that time. I think it was a Milton Bradley product.
So you used to have to call the automaton, "John Conway's game of Life" to avoid confusion sometimes.
Fred
I programmed this in the 70’s - one of my patterns produced a frog...
That was then, now it produces gay frogs.
some of the massive patterns are kinda jaw-droppingly awesome tho
way back then it was a DOS program called LIFE... and the programming language used was Assembly Language...
@@mikedrop4421 lmao good one
The end of this video is great. The bottom up vs top down paradigms and how science develops. Even Stephen Wolfram gets a shout out. These honest, deeper musings on the basic science is one of the things that distinguish this channel from many others.
damn, I knew Australia was exotic but I didn't expect to see a Kangaroo in Jade's back garden!
I really enjoyed this video. Very impactful. Thank you for making this video
That was a real intellectual treat for my inquisitive mind and actually much more than that, this kind of content keeps people like me motivated, in our path of discovering something new, always! Thank you very much. ☺
good luck!
im glad this channel blew up finally, i love your personality, format and your content
I can imagine the horror of my house or the world getting taken over by self-replicating IKEA furniture.
Like Disney brooms. Oh the horror!
This video is actually phenomenal. It takes a question that everyone has probably wondered about at some point in time (i.e: how did life / complexity come about? could it have just "been built" on its own?) and gives it a satisfying answer. This must have taken a LOT of research, but more than that, a huge amount of alone thinking time to come to grips with such a far-reaching question. Amazing video! (And the ferris wheel at the start was a plus too :P)
Thank you so much! It did take a lot of alone time haha, mostly about how to connect the game to more concrete examples in reality.
"By exploring the idea of self-assembling materials and robots!"
Do you *want* grey goo? Because this is how we get grey goo... :D
yes it would be my pet and i'd name him Gooey
Gooey Would create brothers Hooey, Dooey, and Looey then proceed to consume the entire world... Good job.
Jade your channel is just great. What I notice is you don't confine yourself to one area (although it seems physics is your thing). Instead, you seem to be interested in everything and want to synthesize and find connections between all areas from philosophy to physics to biology. All done with an endearing enthusiasm and wonder. And I like how you stress how you sometimes have struggled in the past to understand some concepts. I think it is exactly this wrestling with concepts that produces a better teacher. And you clearly are an excellent teacher. Keep up the great work.
Bacause of u physics become my fvt subject I got interest in physics
that's amazing! glad to hear :)
@@upandatom It is amazing. Sparking the interest of science in someone is an achievement that all educational You Tubers should strive for. Great job Jade!
Excellent. There is real depth underneath the very approachable presenting style. I would expect that you are well placed to indeed come up with original ideas in this area and I look forward to seeing it.
8:46 NileRed has entered the chat
Yep
This is your best video so far. I find myself going back to it multiple times.
Jade: excellent video! What will the end of the universe, do for the “meaning” of what knowledge we will have accumulated? This is just a thought experiment, considering the value of what we learn . Similar to the question you asked here about the order of discovery.
Awesome video. I love those philosophical questions towards the end.
4:28 in computer science we say "Garbage in, garbage out"
or "Play Stupid Games - Win Stupid Prices"
Garbage in - spreadsheets out
Your paat videos have always been good, but this one is phenomenal! Wonderful way of presenting it, I felt engaged every moment!
All our scientific laws are simplified models of reality, and only an approximation of reality.
Like Newton had a rough model of gravity, Einstein had a completely different model of gravity which is more accurate. And then we have quantum gravity...
Since these are just approximations, it is absolutely possible to have a completely different models, approaching the same piece of reality from an entirely different ways. And all these very different models can provide a different view on the very same reality.
So yes, I could imagine having very different physics describing our reality, with similar precision.
But what would be the point of painting the same objective reality with a different set of colours?
@@triton62674 It might be a way of getting more easily to some new conclusions. There's a reason in math you often have several different, seemingly unrelated definitions for the same thing (which students then often have to prove are really equivalent).
triton62674 Because different models give you better predictions in different circumstances.
Wave model predicts photon behavior in some cases, particle model in other cases.
Newton model gives adequate predictions with simple math, relativity gives more precision with complicated math.
To have the perfect model for a system with N particles, you need a computer with N particles. So we need to cut corners to simplify it, but don’t lose too much precision. Different models cut different corners.
@@triton62674 Feynman had a few things to say on the topic ruclips.net/video/NM-zWTU7X-k/видео.html
Michael Bishop I just told you different theories for gravity, both with very good predictive power. Newton, and Relativity.
If you don’t know the differences between these 2, then YOU don’t understand science.
And here is quantum gravity:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gravity
Please put more effort into learning before commenting...
Your channel is SO underrated. Your videos are what got me interested in physics. Thank you for such amazing content.
Where have you been!!! I've been waiting for you to update!!!
I've been working on this video :)
Yayyy miss you!! Hope to see more videos soon
I love your videos! They are super interesting and the topics you cover really fire up my curiosity
glad to hear!
This sounds so familiar to my philosophy class. We got given this question at the start of the year and we have to write our essay on it
Sounds fascinating!
@@upandatomits very interesting how close physics and philosophy are. I mean in buddhism they have 4 states of being. A thing can have existence and non existence at the same time. A lot of their theory are very similar to the stuff found in quantum physics
@@queeny5613 as interesting as both physics and buddhism both are in their ideas, it is often a false equivalence to equate ideas in theology/philosophy and ideas in physics and as such one should be careful with it. The ability to see effects of quatum superposition is not something one can reasonably expect to be observable during the time of buddhism.
@@ShreshtJain no absolutely of course, there is no way to could be observed, I was just pointing out coincidental parallels in their thinking
@@queeny5613 yes it is really fascinating that sometimes starting from really different goals and in different ways, philosophy and physics do chance upon the same things. Sorry if the earlier reply appeared lowkey hostile, need to deal with a lot of attempts to basically handwave ancient indian mythos and religion into modern science in my day to day life as a person of indian origin studying physics.
Just letting you know that I am nonetheless looking forward to seeing you talk about invention vs. discovery in/of maths and other sciences.
I am strongly convinced that I am not the only one, so please, make a video or two about the topic here on RUclips as well! Thanks for the quality and content of your videos!!
Im here to tell you that im a great fan of your dad now...
i'll make sure he knows
The way you explain a hard concept is inspiring . Great work .
Vsauce is supporting you
This is an amazing video, you touched upon Science and it's consequences on humanity today, made me think quite a bit and it was quite philosophical too, which I absolutely loved!! Keep going and continue to upload more amazing videos like this in the future, Cheers!
2:18 that R.I.P. hurts. Quite a lot :/
:(
Always waited for your new video!
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*69*
Not going to lie, I started watching Cantor's Infinity Paradox for school and almost 2-hours later I ended up here and still going strong. Literally every video is awesome and so interesting. Great job
Excellent as always, you rock!
Best teacher ever!!
I am enjoying each and every video.
I hope you get deserved recognition for your superv work!
This video made me start thinking about different possibilities I used to think about long time ago, thanks Jade
I look forward to your episode on economics and the beauty of the self-ordered market versus the centrally planned.
I've just discovered you a week ago and this is one my favorite channels at the moment :) Great job, really!
The channel's best video yet. Impressive work.
Love how passionate you are about what you do!! It's contagious.
Game of life was the first program I did in my masters parallel programming. C++ OMP and Cuda programming then outputting the runs to gifs... oh such good times.. always so exciting when I see another Up and Atom video!
I am glad I found this, Now Wolfram's, "A New Science", is becoming understandable, as always your ability to explain concepts and ideas is outstanding! We know for sure that your Father finds Tremendous Joy in working on Projects with you!
Wow. I really love the introspective, thoughtful discussion of CA.
It’s great that you build up to Wolfram instead of just name dropping him from the start like most would. These ideas didn’t begin with him but he really brought it all together and shaped an advanced understanding. Very interesting.
Nice job.It was totally stupendous.👍
What's the song at the end? It's awesome! (Great video too!)
I honestly could listen you teach all day. Love the easy to grasp presentation of what could be brain aching material. Heading to Nebula now!
That was fascinating! Thank you. Keep it coming, I'll keep watching...
This is one of the best videos that I have came across in RUclips. Great video, jade.👍
This was an amazingly accessible explanation of a concept that has always seemed so abstract to me. Great job!
So if you start with a program, pre-design by an intelligence, and introduce patterns with a lot parts to begin with, then you get complex behaviours? So, accordingly nature requires an intelligence to pre-program it, starting with complex multi-celled organisms to produce complex patterns? Doesn't this just prove Intelligent Design?
Life was the first thing I wrote when I added a C compiler to my Kaypro II computer. I learned a lot writing and refining the program and the designs were hypnotic to watch.
I am watching all your videos for quite a while, I don't know why this is more interesting than Netflix movies.. your are genius jade.. thanks for making these videos
This video was fascinating! Keep doing what you’re doing and you will have a huge positive effect on the science of the next generation. I am thankful the world has educators like you.
I've never had a more compelling reason to get Nebula! That series sounds awesome!
The way you started! OMG! It is comparable with Vsause(1)'s best relation of a completely another topic to the main one! If not already far better!
Keep *up* the good work *and atoms* will Parise you. 😂👍🏻
best compliment I have ever received
Vsauce can't hold a candle to her. Perhaps I should rephrase that. Ms. Atom is phenomenal. I'm not a fan of the sauce guy. What does Vsauce even mean? "Reads wikipedia and tries to summarize"? Un-subbed years ago. Check out PBS Spacetime and SciShow.
@@JiveDadson already a fan of theirs too. That guy is awesome too, and she too both in thier own ways I didn't mean on any manner to compare them but to show a level of how authentic and awesome she is, and that she has got an excellent sence of connecting things to one another, which is quiet rare.
your best video yet. keep up the good work. You are talented, stay interesting, like this video was. Nice Job.
thanks, I'll do my best!
This channel is incredible thanks. I learn from the videos and the perspective you shared at the end of this one is really inspiring. That was really cool.
Incidentally I have a piece of art representing this phenomena in my home, and none of my friends ever seem to understand it. I, being a molecular/evolutionary biologist, but not a programmer, am poor at explaining it to my programmer friends. Now I'm just going to show them this video. Great job capturing the concept and showing it in action!
Brilliant and clear exposition of a very complex world's vision. Tnx from Italy! 👍
Hi! I really love your approach to any theory ... It keeps my curiosity alive☺️
I am fifteen and still able to understand most of what you explain.
that's wonderful!
Your videos make interesting, informative and exceptional contents accessible in parts of the world where such contents are not so easily available. Your contents explain such complex contents with good visuals and easy to understand narratives that helps to quench the thirst of mind. Thank you from Bangladesh and please keep the contents coming.
One of my very favorite theorems. I love how some sets keep going on for infinity and others cancel out. It blew my mind when I first saw Conway's game of life. Physics and math just show me how amazing and mysterious the universe is. If I wasn't rushed through college by my parents I would've majored in physics instead of biology/medicine. Quantum mechanics gives me comfort. I'm so going to sign up on Brilliant so I can learn Calculus based physics.
First of all this is a very good video! A way of thinking of life that makes some sense to me. I got some answers to questions I wasn't even thinking about :) But the last part was the one that really caught my attention because I'm having some of the same questions and I don't really know where to start searching. So I'll definitely look forward to your next videos! Thank you for being so open and sharing your experience! I am rooting for you!