Anatomy of the Heart - Layers, Conducting System & Topography
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- Опубликовано: 26 июл 2024
- Content:
0:00 Introduction
0:29 Layers of the Heart
1:12 Endocardium
2:04 Myocardium
5:18 Epicardium
5:59 Pericardium
7:21 Cardiac Conduction System
8:34 Topography of the Heart
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Layers of the Heart:
- Serous Pericardium
- Fibrous Pericardium
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Epicardium
Endocardium
- Forms the Cusps of the:
○ Bicuspid Valve
○ Tricuspid Valve
○ Aortic Valve
○ Pulmonary Valve
○ Valve of the inferior Vena Cava (Vulva Vena Cava Inferioris)
○ Valve for the Coronary Sinus (Vuvla Sinus Coronarii)
Myocardium
- Form Fibrous Rings
- Myocardium of the Atria
○ Superficial Circular Muscle Fibers
○ Deep Longitudinal Muscle Fibers
○ Form Pectinate Muscle (Musculi Pectinati)
- Myocardium of the Ventricles
○ Deep Layer: Longitudinal Muscle Fibers
○ Middle Layer: Circular Muscle Fibers
○ Superficial Layer: Longitudinal Muscle Fibers
○ Deep and Superficial muscle fibers are connected, they form the Vortex of the Heart (Vortex Cordis)
○ Left Ventricle thicker than Right Ventricle
○ Form Trabeculae Carneae
○ Papillary Muscles (Musculi Papillares)
Epicardium
- It's the Visceral Lamina of the Serous Pericardium
Pericardium
- Serous Pericardium (Pericardium Serosum)
○ Visceral Lamina (Epicardium)
○ Parietal Lamina
- Fibrous Pericardium (Pericardium Fibrosum)
- Pericardial Cavity (Cavitas Pericardiaca)
○ Transverse Pericardial Sinus (Sinus Transversus Pericardii)
○ Oblique Pericardial Sinus (Sinus Obliquus Pericardii)
Conducting System of the Heart:
- Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
- Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
- Bundle of His
- Left Bundle Branch
- Right Bundle Branch
- Purkinje Fibers
Topography of the heart:
- Holotopy of the heart:
○ Heart lies in the Mediasternum Medium
Skeletopy of the heart:
- Superior Border: Third rib horizontally
- Right Border: Parallel to sternal margin. Linea Parasternalis
- Lower Border: Obliquely: From Cartilage of 5th rib to 5th intercostal space.
- Left Border: 5th intercostal space to the level of the 4th rib.
- Openings op the heart:
- Atrioventricular Openings: 3rd rib to the 6th sternal junction.
- Aortic and Pulmonary openings: 3rd sternal junction to the 4th sternal junction
- Topography of the valves of the heart:
- Aortic and Pulmonary Valve: 2nd intercostal Space
- Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valve: 5th intercostal space.
Syntopia of the heart:
- Anteriorly: Behind Sternum
- Posteriorly: Oesophagus
- Laterally: Pleura
- Inferiorly: Diaphragm
- Superiorly: Great Blood vessels
Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures
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simple, easy and understable. Certainly worth every second
Love the detail! Thank you
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Yours efforts are worth appreciating !!
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u literally taught me all of heart inn half an hour sir, while its taking countless hours of boring 2 d images and lectures in my med college..this video and the previous one is amazing showstopping stunning lol both in regards to d graphics and your teaching
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Thanks for the quick and neat explanation al
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Thank you! You made it so simple
Glad you found it helpful :)
This is so great
But I still find it kinda hard to understand the location of the valves
Glad to hear! I also had a hard time with the valves when I started studying the heart. I made a video regarding the heart structures (in the heart playlist), where I try to break it down logically. Give it a try?
Thank you!
Do the subendocardial layer and the subepicardial layer in te myocardium refer respectively to the deep longitudinal muscle layer and the superficial longitudinal muscle?
These layers are connective tissue primarily, so they're not the muscle fibers mentioned 🙂
Thanyou sar 🙏
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please we want you to exexplain the conduction system of the heart
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Toppr
Isn't the pericardium also referred to as the "pericardial sack"?
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:)
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