Hematopoiesis - Formation of Blood Cells, Animation

(USMLE topics) Formation (differentiation process) of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), white blood cells (leukopoiesis), and platelets (thrombopoiesis) from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); regulation factors involved.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
Check out our new Alila Academy - AlilaAcademy(dot)com - complete video courses with quizzes, PDFs, and downloadable images.
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Voice by Ashley Fleming
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
All formed elements of the blood derive from a common progenitor - the hematopoietic stem cells, HSCs. HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate to all types of blood cells. They also have the ability to multiply constantly to maintain their numbers in the bone marrow. Formation of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells is a multi-step process, involving several intermediate progenitors, and is regulated by a network of signaling molecules, known as cytokines. These cytokines control the proliferation, differentiation and survival or death of the various progenitors. By doing so, they maintain steady-state levels of blood cells in normal situations; and, in response to certain stimuli, induce production of a particular cell type. For example, in response to blood loss, production of red blood cells is accelerated.
Differentiation starts when progenitor cells develop surface receptors for a specific stimulating factor. Once this happened, the cells lose their potency and become committed to a certain cell type.
Production of red blood cells, RBC, or erythrocytes, is stimulated by erythropoietin, EPO. During the differentiation process, the cells reduce in size, increase in number, start making hemoglobin, and lose their nucleus. EPO is produced predominantly by the liver during fetal development and by the kidneys in adulthood. Low levels of EPO are constitutively secreted and are sufficient to compensate for normal red blood cell turnover. When RBC count drops, such as during blood loss, the resulting oxygen-deficiency state, hypoxemia, is detected by the kidneys. The kidneys respond by increasing their EPO secretion, which leads to increased red blood cell production by the end of 3 to 5 days. People living at high altitudes usually have higher RBC count as a response to lower oxygen levels. Athletes whose demand for oxygen is more elevated, also have higher RBC counts.
Production of granulocytes and macrophages, the key players of the body’s innate immune response, is controlled by several colony-stimulating factors, CSFs. Normally, these cells are kept at a more or less constant number, by relatively low levels of CSFs, but their production can increase greatly and quickly upon infection. CSFs are commonly secreted by mature lymphocytes and macrophages, but can be produced, if needed, by virtually any organ or cell type. CSF production may increase a thousand-fold in response to indicators of infection, such as bacterial endotoxins.
Production of platelets is stimulated by thrombopoietin, TPO, a hormone secreted by the kidneys and liver. TPO is responsible for formation of megakaryocytes - the gigantic cells that develop as a result of multiple rounds of DNA replication without cell division. A megakaryocyte gives rise to tens of thousands of platelets, which are essentially broken fragments of its cytoplasm. Production of platelets is subject to a classic negative feedback loop: reduced platelet levels in the blood promote their production, while elevated levels inhibit it.

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Love this video? Check out our course "Cardiovascular Physiology" made entirely with videos like this:
Students, click here: www.alilaacademy.com/courses/cardiovascular-physiology-for-students
Teachers, click here: www.alilaacademy.com/courses/cardiovascular-physiology-for-teachers

[@khursheedkamran7398]

Two hours
lecture explained in 4:18 min

[@asma-zj1im]

Our lecturer always play your videos in class and share the link to us. Your videos are so calming

[@rgudduu]

Excellent info. Though I had to fight sleep and needed several views to grasp this completely. Thanks.

[@jamshedfbc]

I am impressed by the quality of your videos, as do my students. Keep up the good work.

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Glad you like them!

[@cristinawu8837]

@@Alilamedicalmedia 库

[@AmnaKhan-se5ek]

May Allah give you the reward of it. Ameen !

[@rahafjumaa3098]

Thanks for this incredible, easy way to deliver the informations ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

You are so welcome!

[@SumayaHassanzada]

Thanks, it was very helpful 😊

[@nuwarabader2183]

Good class

[@user-cg2ex7ny5x]

Very very easy presentation & explanation yet so helpful.I'm impressed 👏

[@manishachandrakar1287]

Very nicely explained

[@purnimasaren7541]

Very informative video, please make more animation videos like this, we need your help, thank you, 😊

[@Xz7h7]

Thank you so much

[@seidesireliyeva8584]

Çoox təşəkkür edirəm.həm videonu hazırlayan həmdə türkce tercüme edenlere

[@dinoramalhao5101]

Amazing info

[@diyasingh6724]

Very well explained

[@memeammo4150]

great video and would have been even better if you had shown how the stem cells in the bone marrow change in every step and which cell comes out at which level , but otherwise very good :) thank you

[@ricardozarruk4789]

Thanks great review wel done

[@sn_amin]

Thank you so much for this information ♥️♥️

[@shaiklathifmunnisha1426]

Tq very much for such clear,excellent and good explanation

[@telegnes4500]

This is so much easier to understand. 👍👍👍

[@diannfatimaflores5783]

Thank you very well explained. 👍

[@SaadSaad-mb4py]

Thank you very much

[@user-ou9zb7po4k]

Nice illustration ...... Thanks for your efforts

[@sunitashrestha8008]

thnku very much teacher

[@ajayihandel6367]

This was very helpful

[@Studypharmaa]

Nice animated use of images👍

[@reema7094]

Thank you so much ❤

[@manishakathayat4863]

Nycly explained...😊

[@kaito9782]

Thank you so much, this is so helpfull 🛐

[@lauravargasortiz7449]

these videos are ELITE thank u sm!!!

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Glad you like them!

[@neeelanjonaneela8047]

It’s a very useful video...

[@sonuaahir]

Thank you

[@Trynafindamu]

Well explained 😊

[@loujainmhanna8404]

great video thanks

[@ankitpatel715]

Thanks!

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Welcome! And thanks for the Super Thanks

[@meganquarshie1278]

can you guys do a video or series elaborating on acid base balance and pH in the body? Thanks -A&p student ❤

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

We have those. Look in our "Metabolism" playlist!

[@meganquarshie1278]

@@Alilamedicalmedia Oh okay Thanks alot! And keep up the great work! 👍

[@talhatalha8966]

Well done

[@amymontoya9098]

you're amazingggg, thank you!

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Happy to help!

[@pragatisain5354]

Thank u ma'am

[@DrAnkitJangid]

Great job

[@hem1nx380]

Great work🤩

[@joyalaugustine9336]

Thanku somuch

[@joyalaugustine9336]

Good work

[@zahidamunawar3654]

Great video, just wanted to ask a question, do mast cells originate from common myeloid progenitor cells ? thanks

[@parameswaripelluru8214]

Mast cells derive from the bone marrow but unlike other white blood cells, mast cells are released into the blood as mast cell progenitors and do not fully mature until they are recruited into the tissue where they undergo their terminal differentiation.

[@baayisaamargee6519]

Please use current caricullum

[@asmaahagar8438]

Perfect

[@mahapharm8726]

thank you

[@ajitthakur2376]

Nice Video! I have question. I am not sure how relevant it is to this topic. Does that mean if we keep our BONES strong then all types of cell formation will be good? Does that mean by taking right nutrition for bone and bone marrow, one can keep all cell formation healthy?

[@mrunmayidalal260]

that would be correct, but ig we can't rule out the receptive processes and exposure to pathogens or carcinogens that can cause disorders.

[@beautiofnature2592]

You are right

[@kanothaikaewkohsaba9480]

I don’t know that I’m correct but I think cellular formation also depends on hormones. For example Erythropoietin, which affects red blood cell formation and it is produced by the kidney and if the kidney doesn’t function normally, it can affect red blood cell formation.

[@user-jv2wu5zu7p]

عظمة♨️♨️♨️

[@litondas7646]

Great

[@husna6123]

thank you so much, well explainned

[@youssefsammouh501]

nice

[@user-st8ij6hf5s]

Thank u 🌼🌼

[@benjaminkoerper]

who is here from med school?

[@estherruth2781]

You didn't talk about the formation of the granulocytes

[@vincenttelfer4206]

does mitosis create blood pressure?

[@syednafiunnoor2600]

The red blood cell is made by a red coloured acid which is responsible for the excitement of blood.

[@zainabmohammed2810]

What is the committed stem cell?!

[@user-fr5vh3cb4x]

جميل جدا

[@teebaajlouni1235]

You are perfect Thank youuuu :))))))

[@yaminimangalashwari3974]

Nice 🙂

[@user-qe2mg1gi9t]

جيد🌹

[@George_Cirillo16]

Well well well

[@baayisaamargee6519]

❤

[@user-ir5cg8ie8y]

почему на непонятной псячьей мове

[@naly1575]

❤❤

[@christopherharrison9343]

Herringbone

[@sumanamjs]

Seriously 😆

[@jayjanuary4357]

I hate class!

[@gownikiranmayi2696]

😢

[@yesenitah]

😂

[@eugenekabaso9532]

😂😂me too

[@trinhpham1185]

Me too honey 😂

[@obijekwublessingnmesoma8789]

😂💔😩

[@rohitbhujbal377]

But formation of RBC reguires 7-9 days,till that time, if a man is climbing hill, Mountain, and he starts feeling breathlessness, he has to wait for 7days for the formation of RBC is it soo.???🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔

[@sumanamjs]

Never heard of acclimatisation 🤔

[@oi7232]

Im dying fu** junqueira

[@Gaminiheraliyawala]

🙏🙏👍👍👌👌💐💐❤❤

[@Gaminiheraliyawala]

❤❤💐💐👌👌👍👍🙏🙏

[@tanusingh2452]

👍👍👍👍

[@emmanuelraju3453]

Thank you

[@zainabfarooq5263]

Great

[@mahapharm8726]

really very well explained