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it would be nice if you guys made a little segment in future episodes where you examine potrayals of the given creature in paleo media like movies,documentaries,games etc
I am actually right now making a model Herrerasaurus right now. I sculpted it with clay and am now in the process of painting it. Would you like me to send it to you for one of you mail bag episodes?
It's a Baby crocodile/alligator noise. Just search for "baby alligator sounds" here on RUclips, there's loads of videos. It's one of the cutest sound ever. :D
I'd loved to see a parody show with this host, and Dino-Blue, trying to solve Dino mysteries together. And every day a new picture/toy of Dinosaur comes thru the mail box.
"Compared to T-rex, Herrerasaurus wasn't as good a runner" has the same energy as "Well, we weren't sure if these weights were too hard for people at the gym, so we had Superman lift them, and that seemed fine."
@@sinkingship3809yes but the tyrannosaurs were primarily adapted to be amazing runners, so by comparing it to a tyrannosaur you are comparing it to the best of the best of dinosaur running evolution over the course of like 200 million years which is a touch unfair
Really love the addition of showing size comparisons and talking about the animals that would have shared the environment with our topic creature. Really makes it feel more full and alive.
As a lifelong zoology and biology enthusiast, this is one of my favorite science communication channels. What I especially appreciate about YDAW is that this show kind of assumes you are watching a science video because you're interested in the science - that the audience isn't going to get immediately bored and lose attention when they hear a bunch of scientific terminology. I love that YDAW understands that you can throw a word like "epipophyses" at the viewer, and their reaction to hearing that word is going to be: "I want to know what that means." A lot of science communication and edutainment shows instead make the calculation that a large portion of their intended audience would react to terminology like that by going: "I don't know what that means and I can't follow this video." I clicked on this video to learn about this weird Triassic dinosaur called "Herrarasaurus." By the end of this video I had learned about epipophyses and prezygapophyses, and what those can tell us about an extinct animal's neck and tail. I had learned about developmental plasticity, which sounds absolutely fascinating to a Holocene mammal like myself. I had learned about the Carnian pluvial event. I had learned all this information I didn't even know I wanted to learn 50 minutes ago when I originally clicked on this video. YDAW videos don't just educate and entertain - they satiate. Thank you.
If there was an actual Blue's Clues type of show starring dinosaurs, I would show it to any future children I may have, as well as my niece and nephew. And tell everyone else their kids should see it
This show has always been great, but especially recently I've noticed a great amount of time and care put into everything, from the jokes to the research to the animations. I really appreciate the amount of love that goes into these.
Make a fuzzy Herrerasaurus toy, make a scaly Herrerasaurus toy. Somebody is gonna tell you you're wrong, but it's not gonna be me... Yet! Love that bit
This definitely gives me a new appreciation for herrarasaurs, because even though the missing link thing isn't actually really accurate, this is definitely the dinosaur that feels most "in-between" what people usually think of as reptilian traits, and the things that would go on to make the dinosaurs so interesting as a group.
Here's a few personal thoughts about the bones you've talked about. Disclaimer: I'm not a paleontologist, just a radiologist who studied a bit more bio-mechanics and comparative anatomy than the average MD (a while ago I got involved in some inter-disciplinary studies that required such knowledge and then kept dwelling more into it out of personal curiosity). 05:48 Compressed vertebra like that suggest a higher length-wise load on that segment, either from supporting the upper body weight in a more upright bipedal position or just from kinematic muscle loads stabilizing the torso during bipedal motion (postural loads while walking). 06:03 The large grooves on the spinal processes in the same lower back area are strong ligaments insertions and the upper "lips" are insertions for strong postural muscles, proving that the area was a pivot/anchor point for the main kinematic chains of the animal (a kinematic chain is a group of muscles functioning together as a dynamic system, contrary to popular beliefs very few muscles work independently of each other). You can see somewhat similar modifications (on a much smaller scale, of course) developing in the spine of human athletes or heavy labor workers. 06:55 Those sacrum vertebrae suggest a transitional postural adaptation, possibly from quadrupedal to bipedal stand (and locomotion) within a relatively short time span (on the evolutionary scale). What you call "ribs" are actually the transverse processes of the vertebrae, more often called sacrum wings when completely fused together (like in adult humans). The small number of sacrum vertebrae suggests the pelvic bone rotated downwards without becoming wider (yet), requiring the 2 articulated vertebrae to thicken transversely (or "deep top to bottom" like you said) to be able to support the increased loads. All these bones (pelvic and vertebrae) are more metabolically active than long bones and consequently able to remodel (a bit) even during the lifespan of one individual, so such a transitional adaptation could be as fast as a few dozen generations. The large "boot" of the pelvis as you called it also supports this theory, as the simple widening of an existing feature is much quicker than a full remodeling of the bone, probably triggered by muscle development in adaptation to the postural change (that area functions exclusively as a muscle anchor and it's also able to widen a bit within the lifespan of a single individual as well, even in humans). 10:42 I thing you are correct in that assumption. Postural ligament insertions are far harder to change than the free moving parts of a finger/toe and the fact that a vestigial finger retains a large base proves that part serves as a structural leaver insertion, probably anchored laterally to the tarsus by short ligaments. A parallel with human anatomy is the pinky toe, the loss of the entire 5th digit has no impact on the function of the foot as long as the 5th metacarpal head is intact (some anatomists theorize that the pinky toe is becoming vestigial in modern humans and we may end up "losing" it at some point in the future).
21:30 My dogs would sometimes get into spats with each other that would occasionally result in minor injuries. They weren't trying to hurt each other, but their teeth did occasionally do some damage. What's interesting though is that a lot of times, if someone left a tooth mark on someone else, there wasn't always a corresponding tooth mark (because they weren't actually trying to hurt each other). Rather, they had simply snagged the other's tooth on, say, the top, but not on the bottom. I might guess that these Herrerrasaurus bite marks are perhaps a similar instance, where neither Herrerrasaurus was trying to seriously injure the other, but they fought, and somebody got caught on a tooth a couple times.
That's a really interesting take, but begs a pretty difficult question: Did these animals have complicated social lives to facilitate play fighting? Dogs have some pretty complicated social behaviors working under the surface, can we give credit for similar behavior in basil dinosaurs like this?
I think injuries while playing with possible mates or even siblings while young is indeed possible, I highly doubt that an Injury that leaves a mark on the bones come from playful fights. If your dogs would bite each other with enough force to leave a mark on the bone, you would probably go visit the Vet, since it would literally not just be a deep scratch, the injury would penetrate through all layers of skin and muscle. But that doesnt rule out the possibility that these marks may come from an severe accident while playing, but since there are 3 marks I kinda doubt that.
Id be interested in the bite force required to leave a mark in bone though. Play fighting maybe various nicks, but to puncture a skull must take a lot of pressure.
I think the most surprising thing I learned this entire episode was that Eoraptor was a basal sauropodomorph. Other than that, the look at the Triassic ecosystem was phenomenal, it's so interesting to see what kinds of odd creatures lived back before the dinosaurs took over.
hello there, I am a paleontology student from Argentina (it always amuses me to hear or read the names of the researchers who were / are my professors in a video from another country) your videos are really amazing, I can't believe that you are not a paleontologist (you have a better understanding of some animals than some people I know in the field), about using isotopes as a temperature proxy, the idea is that each isotope (O16 or O18) has a different mass, obviously O18 is heavier, so when the water evaporates tends take the lighter isotop (O16) and to leave a greater relative abundance of O18 in the body of water, (which latter forms the carbonates in the shells of creatures and eventually in the rocks) the higher temperatures more the water evaporates, I don't know exactly how is it calculated but that's the main idea
You can also use phosphates like (bio-) apatite (e.g. teeth) for oxgen isotopes instead of calcite in paleosoil. Less suspicible to later changes, these minerals are very durable and don't give up their oxygen atoms very easily. With calcite you have to be sure that it wasn't alterated.
20:52 I love the way Steven is just playing with the toys. I like to think that sometimes in his free time he just goes to the toy dinosaur collection and plays with them.
The most striking feature of this great presentation is how broad the inventory is when it comes to you listing and describing all the other fauna and flora that lived alongside it. I’ve watched this video several times and plan to continue re-watching it forever. When there is so much material to a particular ecosystem it’s a pity no one has written a comprehensive book about it with lavish paleo art covering everything that lived there. Books like that don’t exist but really should. Nothing like a complete picture to bring back the past. A most sincerest thank you to you, Steven.
I remember first learning about Herrerasaurus on a tv series in the early 90s called The Dinosaurs! I LOVED the animation and art style in that show, I had it all recorded to tape and probably watched it hundreds of times.
Yeah that was crazy I remember watching an infomercial for it over and over again I wanted the tapes so bad lol. I think I rented a VHS or 2 at my library and that was how I was able to finally watch it
I like how visually, these videos are colorful and geometric, almost like a children's show, but the presentation is straight science. I've never seen anything like it, it's really engaging!
I didn't really know anything about Herrerasaurus so that made this episode even more fascinating than usual. Thanks for the hard work again! Always so thrilled when I see you guys upload. Looking forward to the next one, whenever that may be.
So basically, This area where Herrerasaurus lived was the Triassic Equivalent of Africa's Rift Valley, along with there ecological equivalents of Lions, Hyena's Wild Dogs, Crocodiles, Hippos, Warthogs, Wildebeests/Zebra's etc. It's fascinating when you consider how much time has passed but the same environment result in such similarity in the composition of prey/predator types/niches. Guess it's like the old saying "the more things change, the more they stay the same". 😉
Oh it is *so* pleasing to see all the species at a particular site laid out like that- I'd love to see specials done entirely on that concept, just laying out the apparent ecosystem of a formation we know particularly well
wow these episodes are really stepping up in quality! Thank you for another super informative and interesting video on this mysterious (not so) little critter. As a paleoartist, I love and appreciate the "give Herrerasaurus feathers, give Herrerasaurus scales, someone will always tell you you're wrong but it's not gonna be me... yet" comment. Very encouraging xD
It's not a dinosaur, but dang I'd like to see some sort of Pseudosuchian or Rauisuchian on this show. Also, the mascot dinosaur of the channel, Monolophosaurus would be rad.
I thought it was a very inaccurate corythosaurus based on the shape of the Crest, because corythosaurus had a taller Crest. But I can see what you mean an orangutan. Also how is an orangutan watching this, well orangutans are great apes, but your just a human that called yourself 'an orangutan'.
I only found this channel today after it was recommended after watching something else related to dinosaurs. I'm not even a big dinosaur fan or anything, but this stuff is *insanely* engrossing, and I love it. It shows that a lot of effort goes into making these videos, and it's appreciated. I look forward to bringing it all until my eyes hurt.
That ankle animation(astragalus and calcaneum) though...straight love this show. This is honestly top quality media where you actually learn more than surface level paleo.
I'm so happy you used the sound of a baby crocodile or alligator for the sound of blue. I love that sound. As a strange person, I can make that sound over and over for hours when I'm happy.
Didn't know anything about herrasaurus. Liked its ecological breakdown. Really cool to hear about cold Triassic enviroments. Has interesting implications for the rest of the archosaurs in the enviromemt such as saurosuchus.
I'm really likeing the fact that you're including other animals that lived alongside the Herrerasaurus in the video. It really helps artists like me get a good sense of the environment and potential situations/interactions we can depict the animals in. Please continue that if possible. Great video.
So glad this was on Herrera! If only it came out a little earlier, recently have been working on a game and had to do Herrerasaurus concept artwork, glad to see my design ended up being extremely accurate compared to your portrayal!
WOAHWOAHWOAHWOAHWOAHWOAH… 52 degrees Fahrenheit MAXIMUM, in the TRIASSIC?!? Ok, that’s weird. Thanks for making this video, I have learned a lot about Herrera and the wacky environment that it lived in!
As a Patron, it has been great watching the evolution of this episode and just as great to watch the completed video. I recommend everyone becomes a patron. Such fantastic content.
I've really enjoyed this episode. I think that the Triassic is a really interesting and more or less overlooked period of the mesozoic. Also I really appreciated the effort of exploring the diversity of different creatures living along herrerasaurus to understand its position on that ecosystem
First I want to say that Herrerasaurus growth based on diet makes perfect sense to me. It's a reptile. That's what reptiles do, they grow based on their diet. I have three aquatic turtles, and two of them are the same age. One is dramatically bigger than the other. They used to live together, and the larger of the two would bully the other turtle away from the food. She got less food, so she ended up not growing as much. Since separating them, the smaller turtle has gotten a lot bigger. Since Herrerasaurus doesn't easily fit into several known families, wouldn't the next logical step be to classify Herrerasaurus as it's own family? It's not outside of the realm of possibility for an animal to be its own family with no other known species with it. That's not to say that the Herrerasaurus just came to exist without an ancestor, cause when it comes to evolution that's not realistic at all. But a species can branch off as its own thing. Early hominids are a great example of how this happened.
I believe that's what he means when he said it's been classified as a basal dinosaur as opposed to a stem theropod or sauropodomorph or some other such thing
I would like to remind you that herrerasaurus is much closer related to birds than any non bird reptiles, especially turtles, so despite a turtle like relationship between food availability and rate of growth being plausible, it's entirely speculation. Trying to draw scientific conclusions from common sense can be risky
Nice! Herrerasaurus was long amongst my favorites, right after Triassic (and pre triassic) synapsids, who are even more fascinating for me. Triassic is the harshest period since terrestrial amniotes emerged, bookended by really horrible extinctions and sprinkled by so many smaller ones all over. And also the most interesting. Of course everyone always primarily talks about the late Cretaceous, right pre-K-Pg, as that is the most well known and the coolest azdarchids, and dinosaurs of all branches lived. (At least coolest in the popular imagination.) And we primates proper were around in the trees above the dinosaurs, from 90-85-74-68 mya depending on who you ask. I vote for the 85 mya dating.
I had to watch this again as I was impressed by its awesomeness during my first watch yesterday. It is not _only_ the best RUclips video on Herrerasaurus, but the best about any Triassic animal. I really love how you present the paleozoology and ecology of its habitat. Like in any of your videos, here also I love how you never seen to read the script or even just flash cards or memos during your videos unlike most youtubers including well respected professionals. It's amazing that you are not a paleontologist. Yet how detailed and thorough you are. Your delivery, tone and way of talking is perfect. Your animations are superb and very informative. You are child and family friendly. So kudos!
Never got to learn much about the Triassic growing up, very interesting to hear more about what we know now while you were explaining Herrerasaurus! Much more of an interesting dinosaur than I thought it would be too, so many unique features!
Im not sure if you have made these two yet, but episodes about Protocerstops or Compsognathus would be really great I learned a lot from this episode of YDAW, and i thank you for taking your time researching so you could educate people
I'd love this series in a chapter format book. I'd read the hell out of that. The animations are amazing tho its hard to imagine transferring the clarity those bring in a book
Please do more in videos in the Triassic! Even other creatures not classified as dinosaurs! Its my favorite geologic period and it deserves way more love.
I know this channel is more focused on the accuracy of dinosaur depictions, but I love the parts on the relationships between dinosaurs and the explanations about the environment that they lived in the most. Not just the topic but also the presentation. I would totally watch it on it’s own.
Lol I had this on mute when first starting the video but I could still hear the opening strings. I really like the intro. Short, sweet, straight to the point and, most importantly... not to loud! I love the rest of the show but right this moment I really appreciate the intro
The quality of this channel is astonishing and continuously improving. The deepness of the research and the explanation in the last episodes is really rare. Let's give this channel the support it deserves, it got a new patreon!
im from san juan and learning about ischigualasto is really really cool, this was an amaizing episode about a really interesting animal, great job as always
Damn tho, these animations keep getting better. Always loved the art style of this show. It really adds so much to the experience and helps so much with understanding the content.
"... their fingers could extend nearly perpendicular to the hand, and I don't know why I'm trying to do that, because ours don't." So, if I can do that, am I retaining a more basal trait or is it a future derived trait? (Not that my bloodline is going anywhere, but hey, I just want to speculate)
It's hypermobility. Which can be heritable, but given our current ecological circumstances, not a huge influence on your offspring's survival. Unless we come to a underground-bunker style of apocalypse, in which case you might give rise to generations of flexible spelunkers.
I also can do that and it’s hyper mobility but could also mean you have some sort of connective tissue disorder. So, honestly it’s probably a future derived trait since I doubt people with hyper-flexible hands that signify a connective tissue disorder of some sort would have survived that long if having to run away from threats. (If it’s just regular hyper mobility tho then honestly, it’s probably just recessive.)
Babies have super flexible ligaments. When babies grow up, their ligaments harden a little so they have the ability to stand effectively. Sometimes, the ligaments don't harden due to random genetic mutation, thus hyper mobility
Excellent video as always, Steven! Yes, _Herrerasaurus_ has always fascinated me, in how strange it is among dinosaurs. It's sort of the "Tracy Ullman shorts" of the dinosaur clade; a case of early installment weirdness that only vaguely resembles what's to ensue later. And I really appreciate that you took the time to explain our (vague) understanding of where it fits in. Also, I love the _Blues Clues_ parody at the beginning - that show was practically my childhood, and I even enjoyed the CD-ROM games of that show; those were the bomb. :)
The show and its animation are amazing and do exactly what the channel sets out to do (make paleontology accessible to the general public), but I would love to see you do a condensed 10-20 minutes show aimed at children using the same concept. My 6-year-old just doesn't have the attention span for a 50 minute show when she doesn't understand most of the terms that are presented.
great video! while english not being my native language makes some things a bit more difficult to understand, i find the way you explain their anatomy with toys and animations is very accessible and easy to grasp. also love the transparency that things are still uncertain and not black and white! looking forward to your next video, would love to see anurognathus :)
Oh my gosh, the intro segment was amazing! Your animation has improved so much since the start of the show, plus seeing Bertrand as Steve was adorable. Keep up the amazing work!!!
Blue's clues was the most educational hard facts spitting cartoon ever created and I love it! My favorite episodes when he started talking about nuclear fusion
I loved this episode!!! I like how the toy was accurate enough to get a feel for the real animal, but inaccurate enough to correct for it's absurdities! Keep up the good work! P.S. will we get a new coloring page for this genus, or are you done doing that?
Wow, but that was a fun episode. So many crunchy little details, side-bars and additional details we don't normally get nearly as much of. 'Specially the climate and other fauna, up and down the food chain. Also, Steven, you were extra adorable in your educating this episode. I've been a fan of Coelophysis for decades, but Herrarasaurus is now mounting a credible challenge for that title after this episode! Thank you both for all the long, fiddly and funny efforts. You made me laugh out loud more than a few times today. I hope we see more of Blue or their counterparts in future episodes, those chirps were _so cute_!
I always love this show but this video in particularly was just insanely good. Saved it for a few days for my train ride and loved every second! Keep up the amazing work!
Herrerasaurus is one of my favorites! I was playing the newest Jurassic Park game, and their models had so much personality that we both fell in love. In my friends words, "the Ur Dinosaur, look at that thing!" Super vindicating to hear that it was actually one of the first, and it was fascinating to see it's anatomy and history broken down.
Would you mind pointing out exactly where the climate and temperature data comes from in this? I looked over some of the references but I don't know which one contains it. We will be adding Herrerasurus to the Minecraft game mod "Prehistoric Nature" in due course and we are sort of arguing a bit about integument, some of which revolves around climate assumptions!
![Felix "Unfair" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Oswujxm2Ag0/mqdefault.jpg)
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you guys should do a carnotaurus video
it would be nice if you guys made a little segment in future episodes where you examine potrayals of the given creature in paleo media like movies,documentaries,games etc
I am actually right now making a model Herrerasaurus right now. I sculpted it with clay and am now in the process of painting it. Would you like me to send it to you for one of you mail bag episodes?
@@s.seethapadman5763 They actually have. ruclips.net/video/ISjItjSb8lc/видео.html
@@s.seethapadman5763 I’ve got good news for you buddy! ruclips.net/video/ISjItjSb8lc/видео.html
That little dino chirp is so cute. You could never be wrong, Blue.
It's a Baby crocodile/alligator noise. Just search for "baby alligator sounds" here on RUclips, there's loads of videos. It's one of the cutest sound ever. :D
"That dinosaur is playing Galaga!" :P
I think thats a baby alligator/crocodile
Blue, what kind of dinosaur family are you in
Blue: *squeaks* *like* *a* *baby* *crocodile*
It sounds like a velociraptor from Jurassic park barking, but 8-bit sounding
"Unrealistic chonker of a Coelophysis" is a truly delightful turn of phrase.
How do you turn a phrase!??!?
@@Logan_93 To create a particular linguistic expression which is strikingly clear, appropriate, and memorable - turn of phrase
Chœngophysis
@@Logan_93it's a turn of phrase
I never even watched this show, but dino-Blue is adorable.
Lol this is by far the weirdest episode he's ever done
This is the first (and so far only) appearance of DIno-Blue and it's indeed adorable!
She sounds like a baby croc
Dino blue is a menace!
Dont trust Dino Blue!
I'd loved to see a parody show with this host, and Dino-Blue, trying to solve Dino mysteries together. And every day a new picture/toy of Dinosaur comes thru the mail box.
“Half-crocodile goblin” - best descriptor hands down
I thought he was talking about my kid for a second.
"Compared to T-rex, Herrerasaurus wasn't as good a runner" has the same energy as "Well, we weren't sure if these weights were too hard for people at the gym, so we had Superman lift them, and that seemed fine."
It has quite the same vibe doesn’t it. Comparing it to a large predator.
@@sinkingship3809yes but the tyrannosaurs were primarily adapted to be amazing runners, so by comparing it to a tyrannosaur you are comparing it to the best of the best of dinosaur running evolution over the course of like 200 million years which is a touch unfair
He did mention tyrannosaurs ruin the grading curve for cursorial theropods
this lol its like thats not fair thats one of the top of the top of carnivore dinosaurs
What
Really love the addition of showing size comparisons and talking about the animals that would have shared the environment with our topic creature.
Really makes it feel more full and alive.
Yes! Especially in the Triassic, where we have a lot of preconceptions floating around that have been disproved by more recent evidence.
Yes, really adds a lot of flavor, I love hearing about the environment
As a lifelong zoology and biology enthusiast, this is one of my favorite science communication channels. What I especially appreciate about YDAW is that this show kind of assumes you are watching a science video because you're interested in the science - that the audience isn't going to get immediately bored and lose attention when they hear a bunch of scientific terminology.
I love that YDAW understands that you can throw a word like "epipophyses" at the viewer, and their reaction to hearing that word is going to be:
"I want to know what that means."
A lot of science communication and edutainment shows instead make the calculation that a large portion of their intended audience would react to terminology like that by going:
"I don't know what that means and I can't follow this video."
I clicked on this video to learn about this weird Triassic dinosaur called "Herrarasaurus."
By the end of this video I had learned about epipophyses and prezygapophyses, and what those can tell us about an extinct animal's neck and tail. I had learned about developmental plasticity, which sounds absolutely fascinating to a Holocene mammal like myself. I had learned about the Carnian pluvial event. I had learned all this information I didn't even know I wanted to learn 50 minutes ago when I originally clicked on this video.
YDAW videos don't just educate and entertain - they satiate.
Thank you.
If there was an actual Blue's Clues type of show starring dinosaurs, I would show it to any future children I may have, as well as my niece and nephew. And tell everyone else their kids should see it
Jim Hensons Dinosaur Train was what my kids grew up with, it was a pretty good show for them
Blue's Claws
Yesss
@@PNNYWZEPRODUCTIONSdinosaur train was amazing
This show has always been great, but especially recently I've noticed a great amount of time and care put into everything, from the jokes to the research to the animations. I really appreciate the amount of love that goes into these.
"Somebody will tell you you're wrong, but it's not gonna be me. Yet."
- Steve making a threat 🤣
Make a fuzzy Herrerasaurus toy, make a scaly Herrerasaurus toy.
Somebody is gonna tell you you're wrong, but it's not gonna be me... Yet!
Love that bit
This definitely gives me a new appreciation for herrarasaurs, because even though the missing link thing isn't actually really accurate, this is definitely the dinosaur that feels most "in-between" what people usually think of as reptilian traits, and the things that would go on to make the dinosaurs so interesting as a group.
I love how in the beginning you used baby alligator noises ;w; so cute. and the animations are spectacular as always!
Quite a plausible noise for baby dinosaurs, considering both are archosaurs.
That yall go into such technical detail and that you have found and captivated an audience with this much palentological detail is inspiring.
Here's a few personal thoughts about the bones you've talked about. Disclaimer: I'm not a paleontologist, just a radiologist who studied a bit more bio-mechanics and comparative anatomy than the average MD (a while ago I got involved in some inter-disciplinary studies that required such knowledge and then kept dwelling more into it out of personal curiosity).
05:48 Compressed vertebra like that suggest a higher length-wise load on that segment, either from supporting the upper body weight in a more upright bipedal position or just from kinematic muscle loads stabilizing the torso during bipedal motion (postural loads while walking).
06:03 The large grooves on the spinal processes in the same lower back area are strong ligaments insertions and the upper "lips" are insertions for strong postural muscles, proving that the area was a pivot/anchor point for the main kinematic chains of the animal (a kinematic chain is a group of muscles functioning together as a dynamic system, contrary to popular beliefs very few muscles work independently of each other). You can see somewhat similar modifications (on a much smaller scale, of course) developing in the spine of human athletes or heavy labor workers.
06:55 Those sacrum vertebrae suggest a transitional postural adaptation, possibly from quadrupedal to bipedal stand (and locomotion) within a relatively short time span (on the evolutionary scale). What you call "ribs" are actually the transverse processes of the vertebrae, more often called sacrum wings when completely fused together (like in adult humans). The small number of sacrum vertebrae suggests the pelvic bone rotated downwards without becoming wider (yet), requiring the 2 articulated vertebrae to thicken transversely (or "deep top to bottom" like you said) to be able to support the increased loads. All these bones (pelvic and vertebrae) are more metabolically active than long bones and consequently able to remodel (a bit) even during the lifespan of one individual, so such a transitional adaptation could be as fast as a few dozen generations. The large "boot" of the pelvis as you called it also supports this theory, as the simple widening of an existing feature is much quicker than a full remodeling of the bone, probably triggered by muscle development in adaptation to the postural change (that area functions exclusively as a muscle anchor and it's also able to widen a bit within the lifespan of a single individual as well, even in humans).
10:42 I thing you are correct in that assumption. Postural ligament insertions are far harder to change than the free moving parts of a finger/toe and the fact that a vestigial finger retains a large base proves that part serves as a structural leaver insertion, probably anchored laterally to the tarsus by short ligaments. A parallel with human anatomy is the pinky toe, the loss of the entire 5th digit has no impact on the function of the foot as long as the 5th metacarpal head is intact (some anatomists theorize that the pinky toe is becoming vestigial in modern humans and we may end up "losing" it at some point in the future).
this was such good and interesting insight!! I was mesmerized while reading it, thank you for commenting this 💕
Great read, thanks!
21:30 My dogs would sometimes get into spats with each other that would occasionally result in minor injuries. They weren't trying to hurt each other, but their teeth did occasionally do some damage. What's interesting though is that a lot of times, if someone left a tooth mark on someone else, there wasn't always a corresponding tooth mark (because they weren't actually trying to hurt each other). Rather, they had simply snagged the other's tooth on, say, the top, but not on the bottom. I might guess that these Herrerrasaurus bite marks are perhaps a similar instance, where neither Herrerrasaurus was trying to seriously injure the other, but they fought, and somebody got caught on a tooth a couple times.
That's a really interesting take, but begs a pretty difficult question: Did these animals have complicated social lives to facilitate play fighting?
Dogs have some pretty complicated social behaviors working under the surface, can we give credit for similar behavior in basil dinosaurs like this?
I think injuries while playing with possible mates or even siblings while young is indeed possible, I highly doubt that an Injury that leaves a mark on the bones come from playful fights.
If your dogs would bite each other with enough force to leave a mark on the bone, you would probably go visit the Vet, since it would literally not just be a deep scratch, the injury would penetrate through all layers of skin and muscle.
But that doesnt rule out the possibility that these marks may come from an severe accident while playing, but since there are 3 marks I kinda doubt that.
Id be interested in the bite force required to leave a mark in bone though. Play fighting maybe various nicks, but to puncture a skull must take a lot of pressure.
@@erichstreberg7101 depending on the age of happened, less force may have been necessary too...
I think the most surprising thing I learned this entire episode was that Eoraptor was a basal sauropodomorph. Other than that, the look at the Triassic ecosystem was phenomenal, it's so interesting to see what kinds of odd creatures lived back before the dinosaurs took over.
It's been so since 2013. The majority of papers on early dinosaur phylogeny since then recover Eoraptor this way
hello there, I am a paleontology student from Argentina (it always amuses me to hear or read the names of the researchers who were / are my professors in a video from another country) your videos are really amazing, I can't believe that you are not a paleontologist (you have a better understanding of some animals than some people I know in the field), about using isotopes as a temperature proxy, the idea is that each isotope (O16 or O18) has a different mass, obviously O18 is heavier, so when the water evaporates tends take the lighter isotop (O16) and to leave a greater relative abundance of O18 in the body of water, (which latter forms the carbonates in the shells of creatures and eventually in the rocks) the higher temperatures more the water evaporates, I don't know exactly how is it calculated but that's the main idea
Thank you for elaborating on how the temperature estimates work!
Estudias paleontología?
Que genial! Para que lado pensas especializarte?
@@laelaps5246 y siempre estuve mas inclinado a vertebrados, pero me surgió una posibilidad en icnologia del paleozoico así que estoy mas en esa ahora
You can also use phosphates like (bio-) apatite (e.g. teeth) for oxgen isotopes instead of calcite in paleosoil. Less suspicible to later changes, these minerals are very durable and don't give up their oxygen atoms very easily. With calcite you have to be sure that it wasn't alterated.
20:52 I love the way Steven is just playing with the toys.
I like to think that sometimes in his free time he just goes to the toy dinosaur collection and plays with them.
The most striking feature of this great presentation is how broad the inventory is when it comes to you listing and describing all the other fauna and flora that lived alongside it. I’ve watched this video several times and plan to continue re-watching it forever. When there is so much material to a particular ecosystem it’s a pity no one has written a comprehensive book about it with lavish paleo art covering everything that lived there. Books like that don’t exist but really should. Nothing like a complete picture to bring back the past. A most sincerest thank you to you, Steven.
I remember first learning about Herrerasaurus on a tv series in the early 90s called The Dinosaurs! I LOVED the animation and art style in that show, I had it all recorded to tape and probably watched it hundreds of times.
Yeah that is a great TV series, the animations are beautiful and lively.
That series was a childhood obsession. I owned the whole VHS collection.
It was great. At the time it felt so modern and updated compared to a lot of the previous dinosaur shows from the 80s.
Yeah that was crazy I remember watching an infomercial for it over and over again I wanted the tapes so bad lol. I think I rented a VHS or 2 at my library and that was how I was able to finally watch it
"He-man level muscular thighs" Herrerasaurus is a thicc thighed goth gf confirmed
Gamer herrerasaurus bath water
@@Egguana_ Dinosaurs didn't pee. They crapped uric acid like birds.
(real)
Bro let's GOOOOOOO
@@Nagari2637 the username and venti pfp is a deadly combo. i salute you!
I like how visually, these videos are colorful and geometric, almost like a children's show, but the presentation is straight science. I've never seen anything like it, it's really engaging!
I didn't really know anything about Herrerasaurus so that made this episode even more fascinating than usual. Thanks for the hard work again! Always so thrilled when I see you guys upload. Looking forward to the next one, whenever that may be.
So basically, This area where Herrerasaurus lived was the Triassic Equivalent of Africa's Rift Valley, along with there ecological equivalents of Lions, Hyena's Wild Dogs, Crocodiles, Hippos, Warthogs, Wildebeests/Zebra's etc.
It's fascinating when you consider how much time has passed but the same environment result in such similarity in the composition of prey/predator types/niches.
Guess it's like the old saying "the more things change, the more they stay the same". 😉
If you consider the climate, maybe more like the steppe around the Black Sea.
Oh it is *so* pleasing to see all the species at a particular site laid out like that- I'd love to see specials done entirely on that concept, just laying out the apparent ecosystem of a formation we know particularly well
wow these episodes are really stepping up in quality! Thank you for another super informative and interesting video on this mysterious (not so) little critter. As a paleoartist, I love and appreciate the "give Herrerasaurus feathers, give Herrerasaurus scales, someone will always tell you you're wrong but it's not gonna be me... yet" comment. Very encouraging xD
It's not a dinosaur, but dang I'd like to see some sort of Pseudosuchian or Rauisuchian on this show.
Also, the mascot dinosaur of the channel, Monolophosaurus would be rad.
I thought it was a very inaccurate corythosaurus based on the shape of the Crest, because corythosaurus had a taller Crest. But I can see what you mean an orangutan. Also how is an orangutan watching this, well orangutans are great apes, but your just a human that called yourself 'an orangutan'.
If you are talking about the profile picture for the channel that’s a dienonychus, they did an episode on it
well, they've done 2 not a dinosaurs so far. If you manage to find any toys of that group it'd make a good installment.
It's really cool to see how much this show has grown in the past three or so years, it's always a treat to watch YDAW
"Oh you're an early therapod. Oh.. you're also related to Sauropods?"
Me: Oh, I'm going to really like this video ❤
Not enough long form in-depth content
I look forward to your future videos
Wow! Thank you so much!
I only found this channel today after it was recommended after watching something else related to dinosaurs. I'm not even a big dinosaur fan or anything, but this stuff is *insanely* engrossing, and I love it.
It shows that a lot of effort goes into making these videos, and it's appreciated. I look forward to bringing it all until my eyes hurt.
That ankle animation(astragalus and calcaneum) though...straight love this show. This is honestly top quality media where you actually learn more than surface level paleo.
I'm so happy you used the sound of a baby crocodile or alligator for the sound of blue. I love that sound. As a strange person, I can make that sound over and over for hours when I'm happy.
Didn't know anything about herrasaurus. Liked its ecological breakdown. Really cool to hear about cold Triassic enviroments. Has interesting implications for the rest of the archosaurs in the enviromemt such as saurosuchus.
Great episode as always. Now get some rest before you deal with the next episode(s); I know this and Iguanodon took up a lot of your time this year.
I'm really likeing the fact that you're including other animals that lived alongside the Herrerasaurus in the video. It really helps artists like me get a good sense of the environment and potential situations/interactions we can depict the animals in. Please continue that if possible. Great video.
I love this dinosaur! I just did a term paper on the history of Herrerasaurus classification, and i totally sympathize with the 13:20 bit!
Goblin crocodile is now my favourite dinosaur description
So glad this was on Herrera! If only it came out a little earlier, recently have been working on a game and had to do Herrerasaurus concept artwork, glad to see my design ended up being extremely accurate compared to your portrayal!
WOAHWOAHWOAHWOAHWOAHWOAH… 52 degrees Fahrenheit MAXIMUM, in the TRIASSIC?!? Ok, that’s weird. Thanks for making this video, I have learned a lot about Herrera and the wacky environment that it lived in!
Thats the wildest part knowing ischiguslasto was cold
As a Patron, it has been great watching the evolution of this episode and just as great to watch the completed video. I recommend everyone becomes a patron. Such fantastic content.
I've really enjoyed this episode. I think that the Triassic is a really interesting and more or less overlooked period of the mesozoic. Also I really appreciated the effort of exploring the diversity of different creatures living along herrerasaurus to understand its position on that ecosystem
When the huge Sillosuchus popped up (PVL 2267) I leaned back in my chair, that thing was unexpectedly big!
No one is EVER prepared for the true size of Sillosuchus
First I want to say that Herrerasaurus growth based on diet makes perfect sense to me. It's a reptile. That's what reptiles do, they grow based on their diet. I have three aquatic turtles, and two of them are the same age. One is dramatically bigger than the other. They used to live together, and the larger of the two would bully the other turtle away from the food. She got less food, so she ended up not growing as much. Since separating them, the smaller turtle has gotten a lot bigger.
Since Herrerasaurus doesn't easily fit into several known families, wouldn't the next logical step be to classify Herrerasaurus as it's own family? It's not outside of the realm of possibility for an animal to be its own family with no other known species with it. That's not to say that the Herrerasaurus just came to exist without an ancestor, cause when it comes to evolution that's not realistic at all. But a species can branch off as its own thing. Early hominids are a great example of how this happened.
I wish I could find it, but I think there’s a paper from the last 10 years that makes exactly the same suggestion!
I believe that's what he means when he said it's been classified as a basal dinosaur as opposed to a stem theropod or sauropodomorph or some other such thing
I would like to remind you that herrerasaurus is much closer related to birds than any non bird reptiles, especially turtles, so despite a turtle like relationship between food availability and rate of growth being plausible, it's entirely speculation. Trying to draw scientific conclusions from common sense can be risky
4:08 One of the recurring characters in paleontological history, Jose Bonaparte
Fantastic episode. I love learning more about Triassic animals and ecosystems, it always seems like such an overlooked period in most media.
FINALLY! A NEW VIDEO! This series is so underrated!
YOOOOO!! This video really couldn’t have been uploaded at a better time! I was just searching for paleo content to watch whilst drawing! 🦖🦕🦣🦤🦴⛏
Nice! Herrerasaurus was long amongst my favorites, right after Triassic (and pre triassic) synapsids, who are even more fascinating for me.
Triassic is the harshest period since terrestrial amniotes emerged, bookended by really horrible extinctions and sprinkled by so many smaller ones all over.
And also the most interesting.
Of course everyone always primarily talks about the late Cretaceous, right pre-K-Pg, as that is the most well known and the coolest azdarchids, and dinosaurs of all branches lived. (At least coolest in the popular imagination.) And we primates proper were around in the trees above the dinosaurs, from 90-85-74-68 mya depending on who you ask. I vote for the 85 mya dating.
I had to watch this again as I was impressed by its awesomeness during my first watch yesterday.
It is not _only_ the best RUclips video on Herrerasaurus, but the best about any Triassic animal. I really love how you present the paleozoology and ecology of its habitat.
Like in any of your videos, here also
I love how you never seen to read the script or even just flash cards or memos during your videos unlike most youtubers including well respected professionals.
It's amazing that you are not a paleontologist. Yet how detailed and thorough you are.
Your delivery, tone and way of talking is perfect.
Your animations are superb and very informative.
You are child and family friendly.
So kudos!
Never got to learn much about the Triassic growing up, very interesting to hear more about what we know now while you were explaining Herrerasaurus! Much more of an interesting dinosaur than I thought it would be too, so many unique features!
Did you watch walking with dinosaurs
Yeah, the Triassic is kind of the red-haired stepchild of the Mesozoic as far as dino media goes.
@@hererasaur6602 That was about the extent of what I got to learn about the Triassic as a kid yeah haha
Blues amused chirp at your existential crisis got me. Let's get some blue merch
Im not sure if you have made these two yet, but episodes about Protocerstops or Compsognathus would be really great
I learned a lot from this episode of YDAW, and i thank you for taking your time researching so you could educate people
I'd love this series in a chapter format book. I'd read the hell out of that. The animations are amazing tho its hard to imagine transferring the clarity those bring in a book
With QR codes so you can see the animations on your phone, then read on
Please do more in videos in the Triassic! Even other creatures not classified as dinosaurs!
Its my favorite geologic period and it deserves way more love.
I know this channel is more focused on the accuracy of dinosaur depictions, but I love the parts on the relationships between dinosaurs and the explanations about the environment that they lived in the most. Not just the topic but also the presentation. I would totally watch it on it’s own.
0:19-1:24 is the best thing I’ve seen all morning💙
Idk why i like this channel so much. I think its the way you unironically enjoy what youre talking about even if is big time nerdy. Keep it up!
Lol I had this on mute when first starting the video but I could still hear the opening strings. I really like the intro. Short, sweet, straight to the point and, most importantly... not to loud! I love the rest of the show but right this moment I really appreciate the intro
The quality of this channel is astonishing and continuously improving. The deepness of the research and the explanation in the last episodes is really rare. Let's give this channel the support it deserves, it got a new patreon!
im from san juan and learning about ischigualasto is really really cool, this was an amaizing episode about a really interesting animal, great job as always
The blue's clues reference 💙 so adorable
16:12 ah yes, the EVIL SPIRIT dinosaurs 👻 very appropriately released on Halloween (for us patrons)
The what now?
Damn tho, these animations keep getting better. Always loved the art style of this show. It really adds so much to the experience and helps so much with understanding the content.
I think this show is at its best when Steven focuses on and analyses one toy instead of many. Maybe it’s just me
1:20 is the biggest clue of all: that is def the noise that baby alligators make.
This was fascinating! I don't know why I've never heard of this creature before, but I think it's my new favorite.
Man, the quality of these videos keeps getting better and better
The little look at the animal's competing organisms is great.
Omg, that opening bit was the most adorable thing I've seen in a long time. I love it!!!!
25:41 Superb animation right here Steven, good job. You animated that claw coming behind the finger perfectly
"... their fingers could extend nearly perpendicular to the hand, and I don't know why I'm trying to do that, because ours don't."
So, if I can do that, am I retaining a more basal trait or is it a future derived trait? (Not that my bloodline is going anywhere, but hey, I just want to speculate)
It's hypermobility. Which can be heritable, but given our current ecological circumstances, not a huge influence on your offspring's survival. Unless we come to a underground-bunker style of apocalypse, in which case you might give rise to generations of flexible spelunkers.
I also can do that and it’s hyper mobility but could also mean you have some sort of connective tissue disorder. So, honestly it’s probably a future derived trait since I doubt people with hyper-flexible hands that signify a connective tissue disorder of some sort would have survived that long if having to run away from threats. (If it’s just regular hyper mobility tho then honestly, it’s probably just recessive.)
Babies have super flexible ligaments. When babies grow up, their ligaments harden a little so they have the ability to stand effectively. Sometimes, the ligaments don't harden due to random genetic mutation, thus hyper mobility
Depends on which clade of dinosaur you belong to. Do your hip bones look saurischian-like?
Excellent video as always, Steven! Yes, _Herrerasaurus_ has always fascinated me, in how strange it is among dinosaurs. It's sort of the "Tracy Ullman shorts" of the dinosaur clade; a case of early installment weirdness that only vaguely resembles what's to ensue later. And I really appreciate that you took the time to explain our (vague) understanding of where it fits in.
Also, I love the _Blues Clues_ parody at the beginning - that show was practically my childhood, and I even enjoyed the CD-ROM games of that show; those were the bomb. :)
The show and its animation are amazing and do exactly what the channel sets out to do (make paleontology accessible to the general public), but I would love to see you do a condensed 10-20 minutes show aimed at children using the same concept. My 6-year-old just doesn't have the attention span for a 50 minute show when she doesn't understand most of the terms that are presented.
Thank you for including me in the video
great video! while english not being my native language makes some things a bit more difficult to understand, i find the way you explain their anatomy with toys and animations is very accessible and easy to grasp. also love the transparency that things are still uncertain and not black and white! looking forward to your next video, would love to see anurognathus :)
aww! I loved the little animation at the beginning! Using a baby alligator noise for blue was too cute!
I absolutely love these videos. For real, I rejoice like a kid when I see an upload. I wish I content like this when I was a kid. Thank you.
Oh my gosh, the intro segment was amazing! Your animation has improved so much since the start of the show, plus seeing Bertrand as Steve was adorable. Keep up the amazing work!!!
Just got home from a long day of work to a brand new YDAW episode, life is good.
One of my favorite episodes!
Love Herrerasaurus! So excited to see a Triassic dinosaur! Hope to see more in future (Coelophysis especially)!
These are the best dinosaur paleontology videos on RUclips.
Blue's clues was the most educational hard facts spitting cartoon ever created and I love it! My favorite episodes when he started talking about nuclear fusion
This show keeps getting better and better!!!
I loved this episode!!! I like how the toy was accurate enough to get a feel for the real animal, but inaccurate enough to correct for it's absurdities! Keep up the good work! P.S. will we get a new coloring page for this genus, or are you done doing that?
Wow, but that was a fun episode. So many crunchy little details, side-bars and additional details we don't normally get nearly as much of. 'Specially the climate and other fauna, up and down the food chain.
Also, Steven, you were extra adorable in your educating this episode. I've been a fan of Coelophysis for decades, but Herrarasaurus is now mounting a credible challenge for that title after this episode!
Thank you both for all the long, fiddly and funny efforts. You made me laugh out loud more than a few times today. I hope we see more of Blue or their counterparts in future episodes, those chirps were _so cute_!
I've really been on a Triassic kick lately, and Herrerasaurus is such a wonderful, fascinating part of the Late Triassic. This was a great episode.
I will never stop being excited by this show
When I clicked on this video, I didn't expect to get "Blue Skadoo'd" lmao I have a two year old and that hit hard
Please make a revised video of your old spinosaurus video.
yes that would be nice
He might be waiting for the consensus to settle down more solidly, before making something like the short episode on Sophie the Stegosaurus.
I always love this show but this video in particularly was just insanely good. Saved it for a few days for my train ride and loved every second! Keep up the amazing work!
Loved it! These videos are getting better and better, and every new video makes me want to go watch all the old ones again!
This video took me 3 days to fully watch, totally worth it!
Herrerasaurus is one of my favorites! I was playing the newest Jurassic Park game, and their models had so much personality that we both fell in love. In my friends words, "the Ur Dinosaur, look at that thing!" Super vindicating to hear that it was actually one of the first, and it was fascinating to see it's anatomy and history broken down.
Love watching these while drawing! Always awesome to learn more about these awesome creatures
Lovely coverage and jaunts into other territories to help understand the reasoning for our understanding of the critter!
This is such a brilliant and well done show. I hope it gets the exposure and views it deserves.
Would you mind pointing out exactly where the climate and temperature data comes from in this? I looked over some of the references but I don't know which one contains it. We will be adding Herrerasurus to the Minecraft game mod "Prehistoric Nature" in due course and we are sort of arguing a bit about integument, some of which revolves around climate assumptions!