thank you for the video! I’m an undergrad student and currently doing my first ever research which is a qualitative study, and this helped me a lot, especially for me that have a bare minimum knowledge on research methods🥰🙏🏽 good luck for ur youtube channel!
I am a swedish student studying human resources and have had a lot of trouble understanding GT. I love the way you explained everything so thorough yet in a simple and understandable way. This really made me understand the characteristics and differences between GT and P! :-)
Finally a comprehensive discussion of both! Cresswell & Guetterman don't do it. Tidsdell & Merriam don't do it. Dr. Kriukow did. This commentary saved me a lot of dissertation angst as it reflects my primary theorist reading but adds a straightforward commentary from the perspective of a beginning researcher. Thank You!
Thank you for your clear and liberating explanation between Grounded theory and Phenomenology. I have always found that they do share similarities and sometimes it is difficult to distinguish one from another. But you explanation helped me a lot.
Ty for the video i was submitting a study on parenting contemporary concerns I used grounded theory with 20 participants. I used interview & survey, observation & taking notes.
Thank you for this helpful video. I understand that given phenomenological methodology's focus on the lived experience, it is used often in anthropological phenomenology which involves ethnographic studies and historical and other types of data also i.e. extending beyond the scope of the open-ended interview you highlight in the video.
I understand they both belong to the constructivist paradigm. However it seems from my understanding that IP aims to understand lived experiences and then to find shared characteristics of these experiences. Whereas grounded theory aims to develop a theory of why something is happening. Both want to understand subjective experiences but IP aims to find commonality in these experiences and GT aims to offer a ‘why’ to these experiences? is this correct? Thank you for any feedback you can offer.
I think you can say that. There is a Very, Very thin and vague line between the 2. You can easily argue for most IP study to have been a GT and vice versa, but the way you put it definitely makes a lot of sense
Dear Dr Kriukow, your explanation is great, superb, and wonderful. VERY HELPFUL. I am designing my PhD research, and trying to imply both approaches; GT and hermeneutic phenomenology. I wonder if you would share your view on combining these two in a research. ? Thank you very much.
Thank you for this feedback, really glad that I could help. regarding the question, I haven't heard of combining these two as such, but I suppose you can state that your design was inspired by these 2 methodologies, or that it has certain elements of each, and then follow by explaining how this is so
I am novice in qualitative research. I think, all of qualitative methods quite vague in their definition. Most references described the nature of their philosophy to differentiate the methods. Unfortunately, they did not incorporate the philosophy in order to explain the difference of them. E.g. Type research question are deploy to conduct the study, product of the study, environment of the study, and so on.
true, it is all vague. Same with different data analysis approaches, which, as I have been saying, are in practice very similar - but they won't tell you that, because proponents of each methodology want to be unique and wouldn't admit that their approach is so similar to the others. Unfortunately ego is a big problem in academia and academic research
@qualitativeresearcher Thanks for clarifying. It's not necessarily you. It's just something that confused me when you described the differences. Thanks again for coming back quickly. You've helped me decide.
When studying a phenomenon not well covered by an existing theory, grounded theory would seem an appropriate methodology to adopt to guide the research and generate the new theory. However, what happens if there is a theory in a different domain that could be applied (possibly with adaptations) to your field of study to create the new theory. In this case what would be the most appropriate methodology assuming the criteria for grounded theory has been violated and is no longer appropriate.
You can still (theoretically) choose GT, all of this depends. If there are existing theories for something you're exploring, but you still choose to explore it "from ground up", or inductively, because you believe a new explanation is needed, you can still use GT, because you still beleive there is not enough understanding of this phenomenon. But this is if you do not plan to use these existing theories as the basis of your investigation. If you do plan to do this, this would not suit the idea of GT that much, in which case it can be anything else and will depend on your research design. Maybe it's phenomenology or maybe case study, in some cases you do not even have to state this, sometimes it is enough to say that you are conducting an indepth qualitative investigation into XYZ. You don't always have to pick from these available options
@@qualitativeresearcher many thanks for the detailed answer, it was very helpful. I think the second part of your answer is most applicable to my situation. The existing theory is from a different domain but I think it can be adapted a little and applied to the problem I am investigating. As you point out, GT would not seem suitable given my new theory would be based on the other existing theory. My next question would be - Do I even need to perform a qualitative investigation or simply to desk research and propose that the existing theory is applied to my problem domain? Or would conducting a qualitative investigation be advisable to confirm/deny my proposition and add validity? I asked this question on a research platform and the answers left me more confused. I am therefore very grateful for your responses.
@@gittin_funky both scenarios are possible, so this will depend on what you want to achieve. I would still conduct a study, in which you can demonstrate that these existing theories may in fact be applicable, otherwise this will not be qualified as a qualitative research. Depends on what you want to achieve, really
Thanks so much for sharing your thesis. Ironically I am currently studying at the University of Edinburgh Main Library at George Square! Talk about coincidence! I've been trying to get my hands on a PhD with a GT research design to no avail until I chanced upon your channel. Really simple yet valuable video. I've just subscribed to your channel. @@qualitativeresearcher
I wonder why it's called a "lived" experience. You're obviously alive when you have an experience. In my view, just 'experience' is enough on its own. There's no "unlived" experience 🤷🏻♀
Never thought about that, but you're right. This is just stupid when I think about it now 😂 I guess this is just to make things sound more complex, as academics love to do
@@qualitativeresearcher Lived experience is first-hand experience, which is a distinct kind of experience. As a researcher, I might have read a lot about how teacher prejudice affects student 's academic success. But I may not be a student who experienced prejudice or a teacher who leads a classroom. These would be people who have lived experience--they encountered the phenenomon I am studying directly--whereas my experience is more distant.
They usually describe it, if there is indeed a methodology they followed. If not, they may not have followed a specifically defined methodology. Sometimes it is also possible to infer this information, but I would not bother if they don't mention it
Here are the key differences between phenomenology and grounded theory according to Kriukow: 1. **Purpose and Focus:** - **Phenomenology:** Focuses on understanding and describing the lived experiences of individuals. It aims to capture the essence of these experiences and find shared characteristics among them. - **Grounded Theory:** Focuses on developing a theory or detailed explanation of a social process. It aims to explain phenomena through the construction of a theoretical framework. 2. **Origins:** - **Phenomenology:** Originates from philosophy, specifically the work of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. - **Grounded Theory:** Originates from sociology, developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss. 3. **Data Collection Methods:** - **Phenomenology:** Primarily uses qualitative in-depth interviews. The data collection method is usually more open-ended and less structured. - **Grounded Theory:** Uses a variety of data collection methods, including interviews, observations, documents, and more. It often involves more structured and systematic data collection techniques. 4. **Sample Size and Selection:** - **Phenomenology:** Typically involves smaller sample sizes, ranging from 5 to 15 participants, focusing on those who have experienced the phenomenon being studied. - **Grounded Theory:** Usually involves larger sample sizes, and employs theoretical sampling where participants are selected based on emerging theory and the need to further develop or refine it. 5. **Role of Existing Literature:** - **Phenomenology:** Engages with existing literature throughout the research process to contextualize findings and support analysis. - **Grounded Theory:** Traditionally minimizes engagement with existing literature before data collection to avoid preconceived notions, revisiting it after theory development to position the new theory within existing research. 6. **Analysis Approach:** - **Phenomenology:** Focuses on thematic analysis to identify and describe the essence of lived experiences. - **Grounded Theory:** Uses a detailed and systematic approach to coding, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, to construct a theoretical framework. 7. **Outcome:** - **Phenomenology:** Produces a rich description of the essence of lived experiences. - **Grounded Theory:** Produces a theory that explains the underlying processes or structures of the phenomenon studied. 8. **Interview Structure:** - **Phenomenology:** Interviews are typically very open-ended, allowing participants to share their experiences freely. - **Grounded Theory:** Interviews may be more structured and systematic, with the researcher asking specific questions to explore emerging themes and refine the developing theory. 9. **Researcher's Role and Bias:** - **Phenomenology:** Emphasizes the importance of the researcher’s reflexivity and the need to bracket personal biases to understand the participants' experiences authentically. - **Grounded Theory:** Also emphasizes the researcher’s reflexivity but focuses on systematically generating and refining a theory through iterative data collection and analysis. 10. **Use of Theoretical Sampling:** - **Phenomenology:** Does not typically employ theoretical sampling; participants are selected based on their experience with the phenomenon. - **Grounded Theory:** Employs theoretical sampling, where data collection continues until theoretical saturation is reached, meaning no new insights are being generated.
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Visit my website and explore the different ways in which I can support you and your study! drkriukow.com/my-services/
thank you for the video! I’m an undergrad student and currently doing my first ever research which is a qualitative study, and this helped me a lot, especially for me that have a bare minimum knowledge on research methods🥰🙏🏽 good luck for ur youtube channel!
I am a swedish student studying human resources and have had a lot of trouble understanding GT. I love the way you explained everything so thorough yet in a simple and understandable way. This really made me understand the characteristics and differences between GT and P! :-)
I'm really glad to hear this , so thank you for taking the time to share this feedback!
Thank you for making the comparisons so clear and easy to understand! This video deserves more likes than it has!
I appreciate that! thank you, and you are welcome! :)
Finally a comprehensive discussion of both! Cresswell & Guetterman don't do it. Tidsdell & Merriam don't do it. Dr. Kriukow did. This commentary saved me a lot of dissertation angst as it reflects my primary theorist reading but adds a straightforward commentary from the perspective of a beginning researcher. Thank You!
Thank you Laura! This feedback really means a lot to me, and I'm glad that you feel this way!
Thank you for your clear and liberating explanation between Grounded theory and Phenomenology. I have always found that they do share similarities and sometimes it is difficult to distinguish one from another. But you explanation helped me a lot.
You're very welcome! :)
It makes a lot of sense to me! Thank you so much for explaining this difficult topic in a clear and succinct way! This is so timely as well for me.
Thank you, glad to hear that! :)
Ty for the video i was submitting a study on parenting contemporary concerns I used grounded theory with 20 participants. I used interview & survey, observation & taking notes.
Glad that you found the video useful, and good luck with your submission !
100th like from me . Invaluable explanation with such clarity. A beginner like me could follow everything. Thank you so much.
Very helpful video for planning my research proposal.
Glad to hear that! :)
Thanks and super helpful!
Glad to hear that! Thank you :)
Thanks!
Thank you for this helpful video. I understand that given phenomenological methodology's focus on the lived experience, it is used often in anthropological phenomenology which involves ethnographic studies and historical and other types of data also i.e. extending beyond the scope of the open-ended interview you highlight in the video.
you are absolutely right - Phenomenology is often used in anthropological studies!
'Phenomenology' sounds like something the Muppets would sing about!
Someone made a "Muppets Explain Phenomenology" video and I love it
@@Sibtheauntea haha no way!
I understand they both belong to the constructivist paradigm. However it seems from my understanding that IP aims to understand lived experiences and then to find shared characteristics of these experiences. Whereas grounded theory aims to develop a theory of why something is happening.
Both want to understand subjective experiences but IP aims to find commonality in these experiences and GT aims to offer a ‘why’ to these experiences? is this correct? Thank you for any feedback you can offer.
I think you can say that. There is a Very, Very thin and vague line between the 2. You can easily argue for most IP study to have been a GT and vice versa, but the way you put it definitely makes a lot of sense
Thank you so much.
You're welcome!
Thank you so much for the video ! very helpful !
You are welcome!
Thank you! This was too good
Glad you liked it!
Dear Dr Kriukow, your explanation is great, superb, and wonderful. VERY HELPFUL. I am designing my PhD research, and trying to imply both approaches; GT and hermeneutic phenomenology. I wonder if you would share your view on combining these two in a research. ? Thank you very much.
Thank you for this feedback, really glad that I could help. regarding the question, I haven't heard of combining these two as such, but I suppose you can state that your design was inspired by these 2 methodologies, or that it has certain elements of each, and then follow by explaining how this is so
@@qualitativeresearcher Dear Dr Kriukow, Thank you for your comment.
I am novice in qualitative research. I think, all of qualitative methods quite vague in their definition. Most references described the nature of their philosophy to differentiate the methods. Unfortunately, they did not incorporate the philosophy in order to explain the difference of them. E.g. Type research question are deploy to conduct the study, product of the study, environment of the study, and so on.
true, it is all vague. Same with different data analysis approaches, which, as I have been saying, are in practice very similar - but they won't tell you that, because proponents of each methodology want to be unique and wouldn't admit that their approach is so similar to the others. Unfortunately ego is a big problem in academia and academic research
Thank you Dr.
you're welcome!
very clear thank you so much
Welcome 😊
Thankyou Sir
Are you suggesting that you can't use field notes alongside interviews when conducting phenomenological studies?
No, I don't think I ever said that in this video, but apologies for the confusion if I said something like this.
@qualitativeresearcher Thanks for clarifying. It's not necessarily you. It's just something that confused me when you described the differences. Thanks again for coming back quickly. You've helped me decide.
what about narrative research Vs Phenomenology?
I have a video where I review all of these together
When studying a phenomenon not well covered by an existing theory, grounded theory would seem an appropriate methodology to adopt to guide the research and generate the new theory. However, what happens if there is a theory in a different domain that could be applied (possibly with adaptations) to your field of study to create the new theory. In this case what would be the most appropriate methodology assuming the criteria for grounded theory has been violated and is no longer appropriate.
You can still (theoretically) choose GT, all of this depends. If there are existing theories for something you're exploring, but you still choose to explore it "from ground up", or inductively, because you believe a new explanation is needed, you can still use GT, because you still beleive there is not enough understanding of this phenomenon. But this is if you do not plan to use these existing theories as the basis of your investigation. If you do plan to do this, this would not suit the idea of GT that much, in which case it can be anything else and will depend on your research design. Maybe it's phenomenology or maybe case study, in some cases you do not even have to state this, sometimes it is enough to say that you are conducting an indepth qualitative investigation into XYZ. You don't always have to pick from these available options
@@qualitativeresearcher many thanks for the detailed answer, it was very helpful. I think the second part of your answer is most applicable to my situation. The existing theory is from a different domain but I think it can be adapted a little and applied to the problem I am investigating. As you point out, GT would not seem suitable given my new theory would be based on the other existing theory.
My next question would be - Do I even need to perform a qualitative investigation or simply to desk research and propose that the existing theory is applied to my problem domain? Or would conducting a qualitative investigation be advisable to confirm/deny my proposition and add validity?
I asked this question on a research platform and the answers left me more confused. I am therefore very grateful for your responses.
@@gittin_funky both scenarios are possible, so this will depend on what you want to achieve. I would still conduct a study, in which you can demonstrate that these existing theories may in fact be applicable, otherwise this will not be qualified as a qualitative research. Depends on what you want to achieve, really
@@qualitativeresearcher Thank you Dr Kriukow I will take on board your valuable advice. Many thanks for such great content and fantastic support
Thank you for the informative video. Did you use grounded theory in your Phd Research?
Yes I did, you can find it here era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/22975
@@qualitativeresearcher Thank you.
Thanks so much for sharing your thesis. Ironically I am currently studying at the University of Edinburgh Main Library at George Square! Talk about coincidence! I've been trying to get my hands on a PhD with a GT research design to no avail until I chanced upon your channel. Really simple yet valuable video. I've just subscribed to your channel. @@qualitativeresearcher
I wonder why it's called a "lived" experience. You're obviously alive when you have an experience. In my view, just 'experience' is enough on its own. There's no "unlived" experience 🤷🏻♀
Never thought about that, but you're right. This is just stupid when I think about it now 😂 I guess this is just to make things sound more complex, as academics love to do
@@qualitativeresearcher Lived experience is first-hand experience, which is a distinct kind of experience. As a researcher, I might have read a lot about how teacher prejudice affects student 's academic success. But I may not be a student who experienced prejudice or a teacher who leads a classroom. These would be people who have lived experience--they encountered the phenenomon I am studying directly--whereas my experience is more distant.
How do you find out what paper adopted which research methodology?
They usually describe it, if there is indeed a methodology they followed. If not, they may not have followed a specifically defined methodology. Sometimes it is also possible to infer this information, but I would not bother if they don't mention it
Youve lived in Scotland havent ya?! This kiwi can hear it
I have indeed, never thought it would be possible to hear it though lol
Your awesome
Here are the key differences between phenomenology and grounded theory according to Kriukow:
1. **Purpose and Focus:**
- **Phenomenology:** Focuses on understanding and describing the lived experiences of individuals. It aims to capture the essence of these experiences and find shared characteristics among them.
- **Grounded Theory:** Focuses on developing a theory or detailed explanation of a social process. It aims to explain phenomena through the construction of a theoretical framework.
2. **Origins:**
- **Phenomenology:** Originates from philosophy, specifically the work of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger.
- **Grounded Theory:** Originates from sociology, developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss.
3. **Data Collection Methods:**
- **Phenomenology:** Primarily uses qualitative in-depth interviews. The data collection method is usually more open-ended and less structured.
- **Grounded Theory:** Uses a variety of data collection methods, including interviews, observations, documents, and more. It often involves more structured and systematic data collection techniques.
4. **Sample Size and Selection:**
- **Phenomenology:** Typically involves smaller sample sizes, ranging from 5 to 15 participants, focusing on those who have experienced the phenomenon being studied.
- **Grounded Theory:** Usually involves larger sample sizes, and employs theoretical sampling where participants are selected based on emerging theory and the need to further develop or refine it.
5. **Role of Existing Literature:**
- **Phenomenology:** Engages with existing literature throughout the research process to contextualize findings and support analysis.
- **Grounded Theory:** Traditionally minimizes engagement with existing literature before data collection to avoid preconceived notions, revisiting it after theory development to position the new theory within existing research.
6. **Analysis Approach:**
- **Phenomenology:** Focuses on thematic analysis to identify and describe the essence of lived experiences.
- **Grounded Theory:** Uses a detailed and systematic approach to coding, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, to construct a theoretical framework.
7. **Outcome:**
- **Phenomenology:** Produces a rich description of the essence of lived experiences.
- **Grounded Theory:** Produces a theory that explains the underlying processes or structures of the phenomenon studied.
8. **Interview Structure:**
- **Phenomenology:** Interviews are typically very open-ended, allowing participants to share their experiences freely.
- **Grounded Theory:** Interviews may be more structured and systematic, with the researcher asking specific questions to explore emerging themes and refine the developing theory.
9. **Researcher's Role and Bias:**
- **Phenomenology:** Emphasizes the importance of the researcher’s reflexivity and the need to bracket personal biases to understand the participants' experiences authentically.
- **Grounded Theory:** Also emphasizes the researcher’s reflexivity but focuses on systematically generating and refining a theory through iterative data collection and analysis.
10. **Use of Theoretical Sampling:**
- **Phenomenology:** Does not typically employ theoretical sampling; participants are selected based on their experience with the phenomenon.
- **Grounded Theory:** Employs theoretical sampling, where data collection continues until theoretical saturation is reached, meaning no new insights are being generated.
love this, thank you!
You sound Scottish
But I'm Polish :) I live in Scotland though, so this is possible :)