Capacitors and Inductors - Mirror Twins
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- Опубликовано: 25 окт 2014
- Learn to look at capacitors and inductors in the proper light. The two components are compared and contrasted in this very revealing video.
Please comment, share, comment and subscribe if you like this video.
Thanks to PHET for their AC DC circuit construction kit. You can find the simulation tool at: phet.colorado.edu/en/simulati... 
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Actually one of the most intuitive explanation of inductors in youtube videos. Thanks dear Dorian!
What about a video that compares BJT transistor with MOSFET transistor from you ?!... they also have some difference-principal operation in terms of current and voltage ....
Thanks for your wonderful comment and sharing.
I'll look into creating a video highlighting the differences between BJTs and MOSFETs.
The same here, I have ton of videos but didn’t grasp what is the point capacitor, but this video really helped me to understand the need of capacitor
As a former EE student who went to a pretty darn well respected Engineering School, I never "really" understood inductors until I saw this video. Hands down the most instructive video I have ever found on YT! Thanks for this!
One of the best explanations of inductors and capacitors on youtube!
The citing of potential versus kinetic energy in comparing and contrasting inductors and capacitors was key for me in better understanding the concepts of each component. Thank you for producing this.
Wow... You are very gifted in your communication of this concept and illustration. Your voice as well as the content of your explanation is very explicit and "crisp". I am thankful you have a natural teacher's heart. Anastasia - Instructor
Wow!! Thanks man, you just taught me what no lecturer ever told me in my sturdy of Electronics. Bravo
You're welcome! Thanks for the comment.
Best explanation I've seen on this subject. Thanks!
I would agree IF he did not use the term current because according to the person it can be ambiguous. Next, he should have shown how to use a capacitor to value an inductor with a multimeter. Let me try to make this a myte easier.
Take an air plate adjustable capacitor larger in value than the inductor. (How can you tell? When the two are hooked up the capacitor will still have a value reading the multimeter.) Hook up your multimeter to the capacitor let it charge the capacitor and write down its value. Now hook up the inductor and the multimeter in parellel and also in parallel with the Air Capcitor. Let it charge until the multimeter (set to Ohms) stabilizes. Deduct the second capacitance reading from the first capacitance reading and that is the value of the inductor. By adjusting the Air Capacitor you can find different values in the inductor's tap points.
This was a great video. I took an electronics course at a local CC but felt like I learned very little practical info. This is the kind of stuff I need. I plan to check out your other videos. THank you!!
Had been confused all my life and was struggling to get straight with the concept.
Your method and analogy used has revealed to me the simplicity of the concept . Keep teaching. Thank you so much Dorian.
Thank you for the comment. Very glad it was helpful.
One of the best animation explanation sir ,
It help a lot of to understand me a concept , which i had trying but never understand before.....thnak you sir
As an employee of PhET I want to thank you for making these videos!
I really appreciate your comment. Thank you for creating this and other wonderful teaching tools.
I found this tutorial demonstration showing a capacitor and an inductance switched together in parallel powered by a simple battery was a very practical and easy demonstration how they work together dynamically, in a very simple way. It is the first time that I have seen such a practical and theoretical way of showing how capacitors and coils work together, in tandem, as if they were tweets, as you call them. Congratulations for this beautiful way of showing these phenomena .hope to see more examples like this.
Thank you for your comment. I do plan to produce more such videos.
Great video and yes, it is amazing that this relationship is rarely touched on anywhere.
Great compare & contrast! Im an entry level student..i didnt expect myself to have a GOOD understanding of the concept this quick! Thanks!
sovereign power Glad you found the video useful. Thanks for commenting and sharing.
I'll be getting back into video production mode soon so please consider subscribing for future videos.
You should also point out when you open the switch the inductor tries to prevent the current through it collapsing by a reverse voltage being developed across it due to the collapsing magnetic field. You will get a short negative voltage spike at the top of the circuit and the energy is dissipated in the form of a momentary spark across the switch as it is being opened. In effect some of the energy stored in the inductor is converted to heat and light. i think you should make it clearer how the electrons generated by the reverse voltage help clear the accumulated positive charge on the top plate of the capacitor. Your visualisation is pretty good but the subtleties of the discharge process may be missed by some. Viewers should keep in mind the potential difference across the inductor and its series resistor is always the same as that across the capacitor and its series resistor.
sincere thanks Dorian, this really make me understand about inductor and capaictor.
yoo Man! finally i have got what kind of explanation I have been searching for till now...thanks and keep it up
Very useful.. I studied eletronics and never saw a comparison like this.... Never imagined that the two components were so close related :)
Funny, because my issue was the fact that they seemed so similar to one another.
Love the video! The animation and comparison of both inductors and capicitors was extremely helpful! You didn't get hung up on tech jargon, and kept it on the layman's side. You have a clear and well pronounced voice! THANK YOU! ....subscribed
+Chris Harvey I really appreciate your comment. Thank you for watching, commenting and subscribing. :-)
Very good. I also use the YIN and yang analogy when I deliver this training.
you are totally right Thanks for the video
I have been following an electronics beginners course and I couldn't find such a clear explanation of the difference between those 2 in my course. Thanks again
+Hossam Zayed You're very welcome. My goal is to get students to see things in new ways that help them make sense of the world . Glad you found this useful and thanks for watching.
I have spent months studying circuits and discovered a great resource at Gregs Electro Blog (check it out on google)
Excellent functional description with thanks. (took me a while to "see" the lamp/load...)
One of the best explanation. Thanks
Thanks , the graphics were very useful.
Really nice insight, and it truly help one to have a more abstract comprehension of what they do and how they beehive under this conditions
+Migueldeservantes Thanks. I believe strongly in compare/contrast to help students understand a concept better. Most books compartmentalize this information and don't make an effort to show how these concepts are related. I hope to produce more video's in the future to do a better job of this.
+Dorian McIntire I beg please make subtitles
one of the best I have seen.
thank you for your great video it solves my real long time confusion
Great! Thanks for watching and commenting.
Excellent video I like it I got to many things from this video
nice clear explanation, enjoyed it, thanks.
Thanks for your great video
Thank you, all the best.
Thanks for the video, I found it very helpful and easy to understand.
+michael swipes Thank you very much. Did you find the graphics useful? I'm thinking about using this simulation software more often if others find it beneficial.
Thanks for watching and commenting.
This is great video on electronics ...so cool...
Your right.... I was tought them as seperate subjects and I didn't realy get it. When they got to tuned circuits and chokes it made sense.
This was very helpful, thank you.
You're welcome, very glad you found this useful. I really appreciate your comment.
Good insight to compare the relationship between the two concepts... well done and thanks for sharing. To truly understand what's going on in the components of the circuit we need to understand what time is, it's connection to space, and what time is doing to support it all. Not an easy task but understanding time dilation and gravity's connection to time is a step in the right direction, as is understanding the relative wait states involved. Google (v-c)/c=2.48e-5
excellent conceptual perspective. like the way he thinks.
good job sir
That was the best explination i could find on youtube but it made new questions come up. could you do a vid on how the 2 work?
Gabe, I do have another video about the two devices together. Check out the following link and let me know if you find it useful: ruclips.net/video/TJe0ye_Opgs/видео.html Thanks for the nice feedback.
I lOVE YOU After this Video. Really Great Piece Of Work :)
Wou U mind saying "Salam" to YOU? Again Thanks a lot.
Very nice difference sir
amazing conceptual explanation sir...gratitude and respect from India
Thank you for your wonderful comment.
Thanks. Always had some doubts.
Best explanation I found so far, but what about in AC voltage,can you please do a similar comparison?
With AC, you get a circulating current flowing between the inductor and capacitor that is not draw from the supply. Thus a correctly-sized capacitor across the supply can improve power factor and reduce current drawn from the supply in an inductive circuit.
Great explanation. Thanks
Thanks!
Very good!
Your comment is greatly appreciated.
EXCELLENT VIDEO! THANKS.
Dan Mart You're welcome! Thanks for your feedback.
Thanks you...
.
Awesome explanation thank you
You're welcome. Thanks.
Thank you very much
You're very welcome. I'm glad you found the video useful. Thank you for watching, sharing and commenting.
What if there wasn't an inductor or extra light bulb in the circuit ? Would the capacitor do the same thing ??
You have any known book for calculating the number of turns and size of the choke and output capacitor value for a 18w CFL circuit
So when the power is disconnected the polarity reverse on the inductor and the inductor then becomes a source of voltage righy?
Good video. Another way to think about this duality is to consider the equations: V(t) = L * di/dt and I(t) = C * dv/dt
+Enigma758 This is true. I've tried to keep the math to a minimum to keep from intimidating viewers I but would like to create a series connecting math to the real world. Thanks for your comment.
Too late...... I'm already intimidated, LOL !!! Great Video. I only wish RUclips had been around when I was a kid, I would have done so much better academically, with so much information available at my fingertips.
Ok i have understand and thanks very much for those very good animations --- So, the question is now, how to use ANY inductor as a supplement force -- considering that ANY inductor has
his own resistance --- before leaving the current going freely inside him --- and then to have the possibility of cutting the main original current --- in the aim of using the inductor Force ?
So how will you determinate the frequency for ANY inductor -- so that the frequency will be calibrated to give the necessary laps of time, that gives no resistance in the inductor, and so, full force in the cutting ! Thanks, Jacques.
Excellent , please produce videos on ham radio antenna's
osm video...thanks for sharing..!!!
Titas Bhattacharya You're welcome. Thanks for commenting!
Fantastic!
Thanks!
Liked the video. One of my students found the video and brought it to my attention. I can see a problem though when they start to study resonance. You haven't said why, in this particular case the circuit does not 'ring'. I can see why this might complicate things, but there is the potential for some confusion for the uninitiated.
I agree there can be confusion due to the heavy damping in the circuit. My main goal was to demonstrate the phase relationship between the two components in a transient situation. It might be a good idea to create a video with three such circuits with: high damping, low damping and no damping. Thanks for watching and commenting.
Thanks for replying so quickly. Not a problem as long as the situation is pointed out by a tutor. May cause some issues for self learners. Having said that, it isn't always possible to cover all bases and keep it simple... Great vid.
Thanks !!
Really great video, 4.0 second semester student in Electrical Engineering not to brag or anything just saying, haven't started studying inductors yet and this was a helpful comparison. Thanks.
You have bragging rights if your a second semester Electrical Engineering student. It's not an easy degree to obtain. Glad the video was useful and wish I had access to a resource like RUclips when I was working on my EE degree. :-)
Good video
This was very helpful, thank you so much!
And please tell me, what's software you used to simulating in this video?
Vũ Đức Thiện Thank you. The software used is from PHET and is available at the following link:
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuit-construction-kit-ac-virtual-lab
Enjoy.
nice explanation......
Thank You.
Hi Mr Mcintire. why when you switch the current off at the end of the video the inductor only discharge the capacitor and no pendulum movement takes place between the capacitor and the inductor thx
I've included a link to a circuit that I created to answer your question. Please go to the following link: www.circuitlab.com/circuit/q9262adx4sy5/lc-circuit-comparisons/
Let me know if this helped.
Please advise at what instant capacitor is getting charged.It is discharging when switch is open.Is the capacitor getting charged by the current of inductor when switch is open.
*sorry discharging when switch is closed.pls confirm when it getting charged.
Things are complicated. When the switch is first closed the capacitor is charged almost instantly since the resistance between the power supply and the battery is very low and current leads voltage in a capacitor. The inductor currents lags the voltage so it takes time to build up current. Once the capacitor is charged it can only discharge through the inductor and since the bulbs have resistance the electrons move back and forth between the capacitor and inductor but the energy quickly decays since it is lost through he bulbs.
So, is that capacitor hooked up in series with the circuit? As a complete newb, I've only added them "onto" existing circuits in parallel to help with noisy circuits. Am I using them wrong...or is this a whole different type of capacitor?
Capacitors are used in many ways. They are commonly used for coupling circuits and to handle transients in power supplies. the capacitor in the video is being used in a 'damped' LC Tank circuit to show how the two components are complimentary.
Hello Dorian, I have a Square Wave Inverter at home ,and it has a 1-2 seconds delay in change over, and all my electronic appliances turn off until the inverter kicks back, that is causing a lot of problem, with my modem , media center, TV etc, . My question is, Can we connect above schema with output of inverter, so that my appliances won't turn off, i.e the 2 second delay will get support from the inductor capacitor circuit as they hold the charge within them, and that charge will be used till inverter kicks back (1-2 sec gap). I hope you got me thanks..
I'm not sure how this would work. UPS's must be specially designed to provide instant on capability and unfortunately there is no easy fix for this problem.
One more question, please. A question about the nature of "electricity". When a current is flowing down a wire, there is a magnetic field and an electric field outside the wire. Is there any "electricity" inside the wire? I obviously have been told that there is a flow of electrons (or something) in the wire, but I am not sure if that was just a simplified analogy.
What we call "Electricity" is usually due to electrical current which is the flow of charge (electrons in wires). A concentration of more electrons than protons in an object or part of an object (or vice versa) produces an electric field. The flow of charge produces what we call a magnetic field which is really another form of an electric field produced by relativistic effects (Einstein's theory of relativity). It can be complicated so usually simple analogies are used to explain it.
your video is good conceptually but i request u to just add sub titles to it.........sirrr as the voice is not audible clearly
Say that switch was a relay. Will the use of an inductor and a capacitor in the circuit like this eliminate an inductive Spike that could damage the relay contactors?
Not really since the capacitor would create a current spike when you closed the relay. Capacitors are typically used across relays to absorb inductive spikes however.
Great video but why does the capacitor stop conducting current after it has fully charged?
The light bulbs are turning the stored energy of the capacitor into heat and the circuit is highly damped so it can only oscillate for essential a single cycle.
where do you find program to setup circuit so I could practice tests.
Look in the video description for the link to the simulation tool.
*Great video !!* But what would happen if there was only one component? Either 1 capacitor or 1 inductor, what would happen to the stored energy when the switch opens again? Especially the inductor, what would happen to the current? (Too many "what would happen" lol)
With just a capacitor the energy in the capacitor would remain stored when the switch is open.
With just an inductor the magnetic energy due to electron movement in the inductor would create a spark across the switch dissipating most of the inductor energy in the form of heat and light in the spark.
Very Good! What software was used?
That information is available in the video description information.
Won't it be an LC tank circuit once the voltage source is disconnected ?
It is an LC circuit but since it includes two resistors (the bulbs) in series with the capacitor and inductor it is highly damped and will only oscillate for a few cycles.
Hi Mr. McIntire
Since a capacitor reactance is infinit in case of DC, why does the capacitor charge when attached to a DC battery closed circuit voltage?
The capacitor does not like voltage change accross it but the capatance reactance is infinit in case of a DC how does the current passes? Resistance of capacitor =1/2*pi*f*C whre f=0 in case of DC even in the first instant the voltage is applied
Is it due to the fact voltage lags current in case of a capacitor?
Capacitors simply store charge and as a result store voltage (V=Q/C). More charge creates a higher voltage for a given capacitance. Capacitors store voltage exactly because they have infinite resistance between both terminals. Current flows into a capacitor because the electrons can "feel" the positive charge on the other side of the thin dielectric inside the capacitor. An AC voltage applied to a capacitor causes it to constantly charge, discharge, and reverses polarity. The continual charging and discharging is caused by current flowing one way and then the other way. Once you understand that process everything else makes sense.
Nice
When you switch off the circuit, the capacitor should discharge and bulb should glow because it has been charged due to battery when switch was on?????
It did discharge. The inductor electron current flowed into the positively charged top plate of the capacitor and removed the charge on the capacitor. If you watch the video carefully you can see the bulb in series with the capacitor get very bright for an instant while the capacitor was discharged due to the inductor current.
Yes it was,but i was thinking about the LC circuit, which produce oscillation
I mean capacitor discharge and charge the inductor then inductor discharge and charge the capacitor, over-all produce undamped oscillation. Will this circuit not behave like that after switch get off?
And thanks for replying my query sir👍
What simulation are you using in this video?
The answer to your question is located in the video description information.
I beg please make subtitles
what would happen if we used AC?
Reactance would come into play. If the frequency matched the resonance frequency of the two components the current would circulate back and forth and very little current would be drawn from the AC source.
What program is that?
+Bob “bobdabiulder” dabiuld The program is called the Circuit Construction Kit and its free from PhET. Google PhET and you'll find it.
3:23 Inductor bulb lights up slowly
7:08 Inductor bulb lights up instantly, then turns off instantly, then lights up slowly.
Why different? Flaw in the simulator?
thx!
Simulation glitch.
Doesn't the inductor provide current when the magnetic field collapses when the power is shut off?
Yes
Thanks. Nice video.
Thank You!
Action! 3:24
How kinetic energy can be stored?
Mechanical movement, such as a flywheel. The energy due to electron movement can be stored in devices such as superconducting magnets.
Please tell me ,
In A.C , inductors behaves as
A) capacitor B) resistor
C) commutator
(C) transistor
Which one is correct
This is actually a bad question. The most correct answer for the creator of the question, I suspect, would be a resistor. Inductors and capacitors are actually reactive devices that provide reactance, not resistance. Reactance is an active opposition to current flow versus a passive opposition to current flow.
@geniusgirl fari : it behaves as... an inductor! 😁
2:12 Time constant for the inductor is L/R, then you should write 10H/10ohm. Fortunately the numbers are the same. If not then the result will be different.
If you look at 2:09 the correct formula was shown. A typo correction was made at 2:14 after I transposed L and R. You may not have noticed the overlay of the correct information.
Ok, but if there's a instantaneous change in voltage doesnt that mean that there's an inevitable change in current , with or withouth the inductor?
Voltage, across a capacitor, is created when charge flows (current) and accumulates across the capacitor plates. The general way of referring to this phenomena is that current leads voltage for capacitors. The reverse is true for an inductor since inductors resist changes in charge flow and a voltage must be present to create the charge flow so this phenomena is described as voltage leading current.
@@DorianMcIntire Thank you for your time to reply! You made it more clear. However i still don't get what actualy makes this difference.. is this a property of their nature? (electromagnetic buildup vs electric buildup) or is it something imposed by humans, by design to make them so "complementary"? Thank you, and don't bother answering if you find my inquiry tedious...
Their complementary nature is due to the complimentary nature of electric and magnetic fields. Electric fields are the result of charge position and magnetic fields are the result of charge motion. Changes in position imply motion and motion implies a change in position and this results in a complimentary behavior of the two components.
@@DorianMcIntire I get it! Thank you!
What software is this ????
Look in the description and comments of the video for links to the software.
Hello , Is this for AC or DC supply??
+Prathamesh Vichare This particular circuit is DC, to help simply the demonstration, although inductors and capacitors are used extensively in AC circuits also.
Thx a lot Dorian ....
I have 2 more question ,1) where we use AC capacitor and inductor circuit in normal life?
2) Where we use DC capacitor and inductor in normal life?
+Prathamesh Vichare In AC applications inductors and capacitors are used to build transmitters, couple ac signals from one part of a circuit to another, filter signals, create phase delays in motor circuits and many other things.
In DC application these devices store energy, create delays for timing circuits, smooth out DC in power supplies and more.
Thx a lot....this info is very useful for me...
Watch video at 0.5x speed to understand better.
7:22 "Capacitor is completely charged".
Isn't inductor ALSO completely charged?
thx!
So, when the current flows freely through the inductor, the inductor's magnetic field is gone?
No. Anytime current flows through an inductor a magnetic field is created. Anytime a magnetic field is present it will attempt to maintain the current.
Dorian McIntire so.... When current is flowing thru inductor, then inductor is charged, and cap is discharged? 7:22
Inductors are fully "charged" when current is maximum and voltage across inductor is zero. Capacitors are charged when voltage across the capacitor is maximum and current is zero.
Dorian McIntire isn't that a description of the state of each, with switch closed, after settling?
It's YIN, YIN and yang! 😂
A slip of the tongue in the heat of the presentation. 😊
2:16 Did you make a mistake, and reverse the terms in this equation?
"L/R = 10 ohm / 10H"
Shouldn't it be "10H / 10 ohm"?
thx
Yes, it was a typo but I crossed it out and superimposed the correct formula in the video long ago. You should see this correction in the video.
strange, you're saying i should not be able to see the incorrect formula?
You should see a strikeout over the original formula and the correct formula underneath. I can see when I watch the video.
Another point. An inductor will stop AC current, but pass DC. A capacitor will stop DC current, but pass AC.
TEACHERS should NOT assume that beginners already know all the variables and their relative instances in the circuit. For example, when stating that "capacitors oppose instantaneous changes in voltage bla bla bla, they should NOT forget to mention that this occurs ONLY after said capacitors are already charged which is when they have this property".. same with inductors, since we're also talking abt time constants, so there are varying properties at varying times..
My approach is that all circuits involve time constants since resistance is a part of all circuits except perfect circuits. All power supplies have current limits, all conductors contain resistance and all loads (light bulbs) contain resistance. I always start using practical circuits and discuss ideal (non-existent circuits) later. Whether capacitors are charged or uncharged makes no different. In fact an uncharged capacitor, creating a transient condition, is a better example of this property. When applying a voltage to such a capacitor the voltage across the capacitor will not instantaneously follow the applied voltage since a time constant in one form or another is always involved. The same conditions are true for inductors except that an infinite rate of change is not possible for inductors so these devices are subject to the same constraints demonstrated in a capacitor circuits. All instruction should begin with practical circuits and we can discuss perfect circuits with infinite current capabilities and zero resistance at a later time.
Wqaaaaw
sounds like khan academy