Matt Lewis has quickly become one of my favourite historians. Not just because he's a Ricardian like me but he's not totally one sided. He does a ton of research for his work and he brings out Richard's warts as well as his good qualities. I have several of his books and they are fantastic. I highly recommend him to anyone who hasn't checked him out yet.
Finding that tiny little boar badge was HUGE. Pretty sure Richard fell within 30 meters of the location where the boar was found, as it's unlikely that an important retainer would be way off from his king. Fascinating.
@@tim7052 Right, it could be that. And, he could have tried to get rid of the evidence, so to speak, by ripping the boar off his clothing and throwing it to the ground, out of fear of being slaughtered himself. I couldn't tell from the video, was the boar the kind of embellishment that would have been sewn on, or more like a pin? Both methods were used, and knowing which was used with the boar would give a little more information about it. If it had been seen to the wearers clothing, it would indicate that the owner had used force to remove it.
@@paigetomkinson1137 I agree! But unfortunately we'll never know the events that lead to that boar being found at that spot. As macabre as it may sound, it could also have formed a part of a victors' post-battle loot taken from the bodies, which simply dropped off into the mud? We'll never know for sure.
I’m glad to have found another excellent source of history videos! As an American, what I previously knew of the battle of Bosworth, I learned from the Black Adder.
"And the nimble gunner, with linstock now the devilish cannon touches / And down go all before him!" As both an historian/prof and a former artillery officer, the lore of ancient gunnery fascinates me.
Richard is a great guy, he has done a lot for bosworth. Have met him a few times at the reenactment. And soon it will be time to Don my armour once again. Roll on August
Are they doing the reenactments at Bosworth still? I thought those were ending. If they are I’m glad. Just before covid hit there was some talk of a driverless car track being built at Bosworth, which seemed…just horrible.
Thanks for this, most interesting and wonderful landscape to look at and enjoy the view and the history. What amazes me is the total lack of finds on these battle sites! We can imagine farmers over the decades digging to plant or whatever and finding artefacts but with the horses treading items into the soil plus hundreds of feet also pushing items into the soil. The Battle of Hastings is another puzzle, why so few artefacts there and other sites also. When we look at American Civil War sites there are hundreds of items found and STILL being found but with these older battle sites the lack of finds is puzzling!
Great video! It would be very cool if someone would make a reconstruction of the landscape at 1485 and put it as an overlay over todays google earth map for comparison.
A wonderful piece with excellent archeological evidence for surmises and historical layout. The silver boar was beautiful! The wintry landscape and naked oaks silhouetted were apt!
Fascinating video. The boar badge really brought the battle home to me and the fact that whoever had worn it must’ve been in very close proximity to Richard III at the very end of his life at Bosworth Field took some time for my mind to fully process. As for the Stanleys, they were in an unenviable position. Lord Stanley’s son had been taken by Richard as surety that Stanley wouldn’t go over to Richmond’s (Henry VII) side, and yet Stanley was Henry’s stepfather. Fortunately for Henry, his stepfather chose to fight for his side in the end. I wonder how Stanley’s son felt when he heard the news.
Can you imagine how I feel for my Grandfather's, Thomas saving his son, OMG. Thanks too, Uncle William Stanley Hey 👋 Britain 🇬🇧 we helped 🇺🇲 find Richard's in 2011
The owner could have died slowly trying to get water and then stripped of clothes over the next day or hours of battle. From what I know most are left where they became Battle injured ( A lot of injuries succumb slowly)
@@keirfarnum6811Yes, Lord Strange, Lord Stanley's son, wasn't executed. Curiously, though, Sir William Stanley, who saved Henry Tudor's life was executed some years later for treason, by Henry. I wonder if, at the execution block, Sir William wondered if he had made the right choice at Bosworth. Gratitude and loyalty don't seem to have been a strong characteristics in the Tudors.
This is so interesting. I remember doing The Wars of The Roses for my A-level history and loving it. Medieval history and Tudor history is taught in such a dry and sterile way for kids in years 7, 8, and 9. Learning about the plethora of interesting characters and how medieval English politics worked made the learning process so much better.
I have seen multiple comments wondering about why there would have been less trees back then. As a public historian who works at a museum, let me tell you, it is a common misconception among the public that the landscape was necessarily more wooded in the past. You have to remember that for cultures centered on agriculture whose primary source of fuel is wood, they find ways to utilize as much of the landscape for farming as possible and substantial trees with a lot of fuel potential can't be regrown overnight. That's not to say that there weren't wooded areas in the middle ages, but it's not surprising that the fields would have had less trees around than today. Several other excellent examples of this are Scotland and the east coast of the United States. For Scotland there are primary sources from the 18th century that talk about how the landscape was almost completely deforested by that point, but we know from archaeology and earlier historical sources that it was not always that way. Along the eastern coast of the United States, what started out as a veritable "jungle" with forests so thick and abundant that the early colonists couldn't imagine them being cleared, only 300 years after the settlement at Jamestown you have a landscape with less than half the trees it started with. And at the time of the American Civil War (only 150ish years ago) places that are now covered with woodland were almost all covered with fields, so that the landscape is much different now than it was then. There have even been debates over whether to keep all the trees on Civil War battlefields or take the "new" trees out to make it look like it did during the war.
So amazing.. amazing to walk around with a metal detector and just feel and respect the vibe and what happened there long ago And anyones ancestors who fought there.. respect!
Thanks for this. Well done. For future videos, where relative elevation and visibility matter significantly, I suggest using colour-coded topographic maps, or a colour-coded topographical overlay, which would allow us to appreciate the relative elevations and therefore visibility.
What an excellent documentary! Intelligent, informative and not making rash claims but convincingly presenting hard evidence.With the discovery of Richard's remains in the Leicester car park and further research on the newly found battlefield based on the scatter of canon balls we have a whole new perspective on the battle and it's aftermath. English Heritage accepts the newly found site as being THE Bosworth Field, The 2011 Time Team Special details the cannon ball research.
Reading about Henry's careful calculating character throughout his life, and given Henry had the local detailed knowledge on his side, I think it is highly likely that Henry met with Stanley the night prior to the battle and asked - If a moment arose in the battle when you could intervene in the battle and kill Richard would you swear to do it ? Stanley agreed - but it would have to be obvious so to not risk offending Richard. Henry then placed himself as bait with the marsh between him and Richard and unbeknown to Richard. Richard charged into the marsh with only his retinue and that was Stanleys obvious moment.
There were four separate armies, Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland. It was his failure to support Richard when summoned that made Richard charge. It was only then that the Stanley faction decided to support Henry.
That may be so but Stanley was a pragmatist and he would have known that his fortunes would increase greatly if his stepson was king as opposed to Richard. Plus Lord Stanley couldn’t have been happy that Richard was holding his son captive. You also have to take Margaret Beaufort’s influence in to account. She was a formidable woman
@@jennyhunter-beckinsall6411 Maybe not Jen, but a fantastic Mother. Through her scheming & headstrong personality she won a crown for her son, who had a vary thin claim to it.
@@mbgal7758 That is an astute observation, after all, protecting your interests and your DNA is built into the male human genome. As for the Lady.....who can really say?
@@davidlavigne207 If you want to question the dedication of females to their offspring, I suggest some nature documentaries, like lionesses protecting their young, or bears and cubs. In fact, most offspring that are nurtured in nature are raised solely by the mother, who does everything in her power to defend them and keep them safe. The males usually have no part in the raising of their offspring. Sometimes, the mothers must defend the young from the fathers themselves. Margaret Beaufort definitely fit the mold of a mother willing to do anything for her offspring, including things that the society of the time found quite objectionable in a woman/mother. Some of her actions are questionable even today, and even by women and mothers. Imo, she was a perfect example of a "fanatic."
"...and when the loudest sound you've ever heard is a church bell or a thunderclap..." That right there is the kind of detail that never occurs to you but really helps you appreciate and attempt to understand history and our ancestors. Like it's so right to believe that if these folks didn't grow up going to concerts, playing music in their headphones and sound systems, their ear drums would be just decimated by gunfire much less cannon fire, plus they didn't exactly have ear plugs though I have to think cannon crews started stuffing anything that would fit in their ears after a few shots
We have, of course, learnt several years ago that the historical site of the battle was wrong, as well as learning of the "proper" location. In my view, this production has failed in various ways to reveal anything of real value to understanding what + where anything took place. Standing by a gap in a nowhere hedgerow by the side of an unknown road to tell us that X was on our left, and Y was to our front means absolutely nothing - as with similar scenarios presented throughout. They spoke of canons, but gave no indication as to where they might have been sited or in which direction they were aimed. Indeed, we were not shown which particular field any part of the battle was fought. What we were shown was landscapes big enough to encompass a dozen or more battles. Happily, many of us would have seen similar programmes from a few years ago that gave us us specific details, including where the various artefacts were found, and even where the majority of canon projectiles were located, so we discovered precisely where the battle took place. Sadly, this programme gave us nothing much beyond the fact that Bosworth was fought in Leicestershire! Most disappointing from any PoV.
One boar does not a battlefield make! There could be a hundred and one reasons why it was found where it was and it is a bit presumptuous to say the wearer was with Richard as he died. Especially as it is then suggested the wearer was an Observer! Who 'observes' in the middle of a melee? It is not a boxing match and he would not have been refereeing. Also if the standard bearer was That close to Henry, how did they manage to kill Richard without endangering Henry? It Is possible, obviously, but horses, lances, swords, all need room. If Richard was unhorsed killing the bearer.... but.... all very odd. It would be a bit like trying to use swords and lances in a rush hour crowd on a tube platform. There is an awful Lot of supposition here. 'We know where they, were, but actually we don't'
@@hogwashmcturnip8930 Well, what actually happened was that the Leicestershire Chronicle sent one of their leading reporters to cover the battle - ostensibly as an Official War Observer - but really just a reporter. He had to wear a yellow card on his jacket with the word "PRESS" in bold Latin, so that he wouldn't be taken as a knight. Now if you can believe what I've just written, you can believe the rubbish in the video!!!
Taking the banner or colours is the objective in most battles .unlikely to be incidental ? Any one who has ever been in a gang fight knows how mobile it is ,add armour and horses and you have a huge area with many small mobile skirmishes,you only get to charge the enemy when you corner them ie against a marsh or other obstacle.
Completely agree. As someone with a love of history (especially Wars of the Roses) and very local to this area, I was expecting them to pinpoint where the location is. I was disappointed. I have tried to recognise where in the lanscape surrounding Ambion Hill they were standing, but there's very little I can do with a hedge and a farm that looks like the rest of the farms in the local area. My only conclusion for the very limited information regarding the location is that it's someone's private property and the owners don't want tresspassers walking on their land- which, if I'm honest, I can understand.
@@KittehHawk Unfortunately there is a problem here. After years of making the public aware of the Albion Hill site, and money ploughed into all the PR etc., how do you now say "Sorry, we made a mistake, the real site is more than two miles from here!" I don't know if there is a permanent building or information centre re Albion, but if there is, it obviously needs changing, so it's down to the taxpayer again; and as BittyB says, perhaps the landowner doesn't want tourists coming onto his land. On the other hand, the landowner could legitimatly (or be mercenary enough) to demand regular payments to allow tourists wandering all over his property! I should imagine that the local authorities are somewhat red-faced over the issues.
Brilliant video. Really enjoyed it. You could have mentioned that Richard had Stanley's son, Lord Strange, hostage and threatened Stanley with his execution if he didn't support Richard. Stanley supposedly replied, "I have other sons".
Henry Tudor being one of them. I’ve often wondered if that was Stanley calling Richard’s bluff (or attempting to). I would have hated to be forced to choose between wife and son like that.
@@bethanyhait6880 Henry Tudor was actually Lord Stanley's stepson. Bearing that in mind, It was possibly foolish of Richard lll to put any trust in Stanley.
Very informative and thought provoking. All I have ever known of Bosworth is from Shakespeare, and a few outdated histories of the knights of the middle ages. I hope that a revisionist history may be written considering these new archaeological discoveries. Perhaps the line "My kingdom for a horse" was said as poor Richard III saw Stanley's Cavalry, the scoundrels, riding toward him for the kill as he was being surrounded by Henry's forces.
This really was a fascinating watch. Many thanks to all involved, and those who strive to protect our heritage. Without them, it will all just be words on the pages of history books, with no way to verify their veracity. New techniques, technologies, and approaches, are yielding new discoveries in many fields: Physical, historical, and scientific. A total ban on greenfield development would be a good start.
Great video - I do question the claim about excommunication of artillerymen. It seems to originate with Albert Manucy's 1949 book 'Artillery Through the Ages' - he cites no source, stating simply: "At one time the Pope saw fit to excommunicate all gunners."
The remark about sixth sense of battlefields at 23.44 is apt for Hastings too. There is no sense of I Battle, the oficial site, nor any archeological finds, but there is and are at Crowhurst.
If you look at William Hogarths depiction of William Garrick you can see three pike men holding spears or Halberds, my father kept the engraving on the wall of the den, also two halberds above the fireplace. My father was fascinated with this episode in history!
'clouds of arrows falling like hail' - that battlefield strategy of unleashing a mass of unaimed arrows up into the air has now been dismissed as a myth by archery experts.
One account I've read of archers in the Wars Of The Roses says that since both sides had them they cancelled each other out and weren't as effective as they were at Crecy or Agincourt. Essentially, the archers were a "nice to have" item but not decisive to the outcome of the battle.
Even modern machine guns use a type of high angle fire at long range to produce what is referred to as a "beaten zone" to suppress and discourage moving targets. Some casualties are incurred during such fusillades. I doubt the angle is greater than 20 to 30 degrees depending on the range of the weapon. I can see massed archery fires being used in a similar way during the preliminary advances, with the angle decreasing and the lethality increasing as the opposing sides closed.
Sorry, the locals knew where the battle was but were ignored by the "experts " . So glad someone eventually listened. Used to visit the site as a child, not the one made up for tourists.
They cover this in the video. They didn't ignore it, it's that you can't rely on local tradition - it's frequently wrong, especially as historical evidence conflicted with it. You need archaeological evidence.
I really appreciate your highly insightful, and professional videos. This one especially is important to me because I can trace my family back to a minimum of 1535, in Whalley, England. Thank you to all involved.
What became of the "Time Team" investigation of the battle site? I believe that started with other archaeologists taking soil samples. Apparently, battlefields have raised nitrogen levels from spilt blood, though what can remain after 500 years beats me!
2 года назад+2
Very interesting Indeed. I think the first Time Team program I ever watched was on the Battle of Bosworth :)
The Forestry Commission is supposedly investigating an alternative site for the Battle of Hastings. What should they be looking for considering it was about 400 years earlier?
Its simples really. They should be looking in and around the town of BATTLE just by the so called site of the battle of Hastings. Strange co-insidence that its the only town named as such, and was formed around 1066. its a no brainer, especially considering there has never been any finds on the so called battle sight to support the argument the battle was there.
@@laurencemoore8519 Only problem is that historians have only one written source for the location of the death of Harold, the Abbott of Battle Abbey, Walter de Luci who in 1152 wrote in a forged document that Harold died under the High Altar Walter was subsequently excommunicated for his trouble. The BT, if it is to be believed, puts the location some 1.5 miles away. No other information is available. Read the Song of the Norman Conquest by Guy d'Amien ( Kathleen Tyson makes a good translation) and try to get Harold to fight at the Abbey.
@@laurencemoore8519 Battle really isn't that close to Hastings, so it is really weird. But there has been a lot of discussion about where around Battle the battle took place
@@nicolawebb6025 Hastings in 1066 was a peninsular,supposedly named after the Hestinga tribe, and alot of what is now land were estuaries,harbours etc. The fact the battle was named after the area it was fought in should start to make sense. Also,where Hastings is now,was not where it was in 1066.
@@kingrubbatiti1285 where was it in 1066? I was under the impression that it was, as now, a coastal town. They moved their camp there after landing up the coast
Given it’s significance, I’m amazed with the scarcity of artefacts found that would definitively pinpoint this epic episode in our illustrious history at its exact epicentre. Pickings from the aftermath when everything had a value, particularly the teeth, to say nothing of the salvaged armours bounty, practically ensured a methodical fingertip search left nothing behind. The topography will have certainly played a crucial role and such an opportunist on hedging their bet’s would sneakily survive.
Love this! Fantastic program! Have a question though…isn’t that portrait the Hans Holbein of the infamous Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk…the grandson of John Howard who fought at Bosworth?
I'm always careful to distinguish between fact: An inkwell found. And speculative assertion such as: "The inkwell belonged to Richard's scribe who was writing an important message for Richard but then dropped the inkwell as he fled the area from cannon fire". This can be problematic for history and science. Color is one thing, but we must be watchful how we disseminate our conjecture.
@@mavisspearhead1742 I realize this is only YT comments, but you throw out all manner of claims without the tiniest scrap of evidence. Archaeology is not 99 percent speculation.
@@thomasbell7033 if you did more research, you will learn some facts.. lol. even modern historians see the lies in history.. and no, i did not throw out all manner of claims, as you claim. without a scrap of evidence.. The monarchy of today are imposters, and have no real claim today.Just because some folk say they are monarchs, dont make it so.. tony robinson nailed it, hes also done the research..
The silver boar badge with gilding on the edges was worn by the senior knights of Richard 3rd. They also wore the white rose as a symbol of York. Someone in the family had one of these in the 1970's from Grafton, and I asked why the boar has such a large and prominent winky. She replied, "They were very vulgar back then."
My great aunt Bessie Bedford Stanley has an obvious relationship to you We have been in🇺🇲 since 1680s, however, Thomas 1st Earl of Derby is 20 gen. Grandfather 👴 is Bedford close to Stanley Britain 🇬🇧 hey let's stand united and defeat Putin 😀
Love listening to History Hit and learning so much about UK and its history. Although Australian my ancestors all came from Britain and I feel it is my history also. The thing I find troubling now is the influx of so many migrants and how this will influence the United Kingdom moving forward. I'd hate to see another Civil War in what is now a relatively peaceful country
This has been fascinating and well presented, but forgive me, I believe your portrait of the Duke of Norfolk is that of John Howard's grandson, Thomas, 3rd Duke of Norfolk.
You are right very definitely Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk, uncle to Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard (Queens of England) 1473 to 1554 grandson of John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshal of England 1421 to 1485. If you notice Thomas Howard is holding the staff signifying his role of Earl Marshal.
You are correct and it stood out to me instantly when I saw the painting of the 3rd Duke being represented as John Howard. Seems a GLARING oversight for a British run history channel of this size to make such an obvious mistake. Oh well! Despite this, I agree, it was a good presentation of Bosworth and that time in history concerning the wars of the roses. I’m glad such videos are being made!
As a public historian who works at a museum, let me tell you, it is a common misconception among the public that the landscape was necessarily more wooded in the past. You have to remember that for cultures centered on agriculture whose primary source of fuel is wood, they find ways to utilize as much of the landscape for farming as possible and substantial trees with a lot of fuel potential can't be regrown overnight. That's not to say that there weren't wooded areas in the middle ages, but it's not surprising that the fields would have had less trees around than today. Several other excellent examples of this are Scotland and the east coast of the United States. For Scotland there are primary sources from the 18th century that talk about how the landscape was almost completely deforested by that point, but we know from archaeology and earlier historical sources that it was not always that way. Along the eastern coast of the United States, what started out as a veritable "jungle" with forests so thick and abundant that the early colonists couldn't imagine them being cleared, only 300 years after the settlement at Jamestown you have a landscape with less than half the trees it started with. And at the time of the American Civil War (only 150ish years ago) places that are now covered with woodland were almost all covered with fields, so that the landscape is much different now than it was then. There have even been debates over whether to keep all the trees on Civil War battlefields or take the "new" trees out to make it look like it did during the war.
@@soccerchamp0511 Well the politics of fear is raging at the moment, lying to us that we are all bad people and that we are destroying the natural world. C02 gas is great for the environment and forests are thriving. Don't get me wrong we have to stop shitting in our own nest, but we are cleaning up our act and science will find a way to fuel our industries in a clean sustainable manner. Fear is destroying our youths and turning them into unreasonable woke fools, but they won't be fooled forever.
It stunning to think that John De Vere 13th earl of Oxford led the charge that one his descendant Edward De Vere 17 earl of Oxford would gift us with in the works of Richard III. Oh yea, Bill Shakspere ancestors were cleaning stables and mastering how to make mittens. Now that is real history.
I’m wondering if anybody has noticed Norfolk’s flanking maneuvers to engage Oxford must have marched right past the Stanley camp, this must have been very very weird if Richard iii and Henry vii were watching because this flanking happened before the King charged down to his final battle
The parallels between the history being presented here and Game of Thrones really gives you a sense of how much George R.R. Martin was influenced by the Wars of the Roses.
The rooster is officialy the symbol of France, in fact the real one is the celtic boar. Historians gave us the rooster. It's because in latin, gallica, used by Julius Cesar, for Gallican Wars, means rooster.
The archeology is being done, though I don't know of a documentary about the findings having been done which is as comprehensive as this. There is a theory currently gaining traction that the location of the Battle of Hastings was also misplaced, and that the bulk of it took place under what is now a roundabout.
@@joycecharbonneau152 You’re referencing Time Team’s effort back in 2013. There are 8 locations in play; Battle Abbey or A2100/A271 roundabout, mini roundabout, Caldbec Hill, Crowhurst, Ridge 3 miles east, Beech Farm, Beechdown Wood or nearer to Netherfield or my favourite -Ashes Wood
That first object was definitely an inkwell. In the U.S., similar inkwells have been found, mostly carved from soapstone. Some were made of pewter, lead or ceramic material. By the late 18th century and through the 19th century, they were blown from glass. Even the beveled sides are the same. Many inkwells maintained that shape in some form well into the 20th century. I didn't know the form was that early. This is an excellent video!
Hi, at 12:20, am I correct in suspecting that this a picture of the 3rd Duke of Norfolk (who would have been about 12 at the time) and not the 1st Duke of Norfolk, who would have been there instead?
No.mention of the 4th Earl of Northumberland. On Richards flank but held back. He was a Plantagenet pressed to fealty to the Yorkists. But apparently didn't back Richard quick enough. Amazed they didn't mention Richards other flank.
You made my point, Rick. Good catch. Wonder if any images of John Howard exist. Thomas Howard was wounded at this battle and taken prisoner. He was then the Earl of Surrey.
Matt Lewis has quickly become one of my favourite historians. Not just because he's a Ricardian like me but he's not totally one sided. He does a ton of research for his work and he brings out Richard's warts as well as his good qualities. I have several of his books and they are fantastic. I highly recommend him to anyone who hasn't checked him out yet.
Finding that tiny little boar badge was HUGE. Pretty sure Richard fell within 30 meters of the location where the boar was found, as it's unlikely that an important retainer would be way off from his king. Fascinating.
Either that or that retainer - seeing that Richard had been hacked to death - was running away trying to save himself from a similar fate?
@@tim7052 A less romantic, but I have to admit, a bit more likely, scenario.
The fact it was found on the edge of the historic marsh makes complete sense looking at the records of the battle
@@tim7052 Right, it could be that. And, he could have tried to get rid of the evidence, so to speak, by ripping the boar off his clothing and throwing it to the ground, out of fear of being slaughtered himself.
I couldn't tell from the video, was the boar the kind of embellishment that would have been sewn on, or more like a pin? Both methods were used, and knowing which was used with the boar would give a little more information about it. If it had been seen to the wearers clothing, it would indicate that the owner had used force to remove it.
@@paigetomkinson1137 I agree! But unfortunately we'll never know the events that lead to that boar being found at that spot. As macabre as it may sound, it could also have formed a part of a victors' post-battle loot taken from the bodies, which simply dropped off into the mud? We'll never know for sure.
I freaking love history hit! Always provides me with that “hit” of history when I need it! Great work mates!
Chaps you into history
Wow the boar badge brings history alive. It reminds us that these were real people living through real events. An evocative find
rEaL
I'm so happy that they found the actual battlefield, so many variables.
I’m glad to have found another excellent source of history videos! As an American, what I previously knew of the battle of Bosworth, I learned from the Black Adder.
"And the nimble gunner, with linstock now the devilish cannon touches / And down go all before him!" As both an historian/prof and a former artillery officer, the lore of ancient gunnery fascinates me.
I’m currently writing my MA dissertation on the Wars of the Roses so I’m finding this absolutely fascinating.
Good luck Aidan. A great subject to research.
Oh good luck, my MSc is in Military History. What are you focusing on?
Just a suggestion that I think you would be interested in type in the search bar Richard 3rd documentary and you will find where he was laid to rest
Is there a book that covers Bosworth with the latest evidence?
Are you white or red?
Fantastic video - I was born on the edge of this site at Shenton and I go here regularly!
Best history/archeology channel. Full stop. The quality of these docos.. sensational. Thank you.
I cried when I was at Richards well there on the site. The vibes are strong.
Richard is a great guy, he has done a lot for bosworth. Have met him a few times at the reenactment. And soon it will be time to Don my armour once again. Roll on August
Are they doing the reenactments at Bosworth still? I thought those were ending. If they are I’m glad. Just before covid hit there was some talk of a driverless car track being built at Bosworth, which seemed…just horrible.
@@zaker721 this August is the first battle going ahead since COVID. So it's still going on.
child murderer
I read half of your comment assuming you were talking about Richard III....🤦♀️
@@spuddart3540 Haha god no!
Thanks for this, most interesting and wonderful landscape to look at and enjoy the view and the history.
What amazes me is the total lack of finds on these battle sites!
We can imagine farmers over the decades digging to plant or whatever and finding artefacts but with the horses treading items into the soil plus hundreds of feet also pushing items into the soil. The Battle of Hastings is another puzzle, why so few artefacts there and other sites also. When we look at American Civil War sites there are hundreds of items found and STILL being found but with these older battle sites the lack of finds is puzzling!
Great video! It would be very cool if someone would make a reconstruction of the landscape at 1485 and put it as an overlay over todays google earth map for comparison.
A wonderful piece with excellent archeological evidence for surmises and historical layout. The silver boar was beautiful! The wintry landscape and naked oaks silhouetted were apt!
Fascinating video. The boar badge really brought the battle home to me and the fact that whoever had worn it must’ve been in very close proximity to Richard III at the very end of his life at Bosworth Field took some time for my mind to fully process. As for the Stanleys, they were in an unenviable position. Lord Stanley’s son had been taken by Richard as surety that Stanley wouldn’t go over to Richmond’s (Henry VII) side, and yet Stanley was Henry’s stepfather. Fortunately for Henry, his stepfather chose to fight for his side in the end. I wonder how Stanley’s son felt when he heard the news.
Can you imagine how I feel for my Grandfather's, Thomas saving his son, OMG. Thanks too, Uncle William Stanley Hey 👋 Britain 🇬🇧 we helped 🇺🇲 find Richard's in 2011
The owner could have died slowly trying to get water and then stripped of clothes over the next day or hours of battle. From what I know most are left where they became Battle injured ( A lot of injuries succumb slowly)
With Richard dead, wouldn’t that possibly free Stanley’s son? Does anyone know that history?
@@keirfarnum6811Yes, Lord Strange, Lord Stanley's son, wasn't executed. Curiously, though, Sir William Stanley, who saved Henry Tudor's life was executed some years later for treason, by Henry. I wonder if, at the execution block, Sir William wondered if he had made the right choice at Bosworth. Gratitude and loyalty don't seem to have been a strong characteristics in the Tudors.
This is so interesting. I remember doing The Wars of The Roses for my A-level history and loving it.
Medieval history and Tudor history is taught in such a dry and sterile way for kids in years 7, 8, and 9. Learning about the plethora of interesting characters and how medieval English politics worked made the learning process so much better.
Henry VII is pretty interesting, but we don't hear from him super often in Tudor media. Thanks Matt Lewis, for a new battle and King to study.
I love History. This is marvelous! Living every bit of it.
I have seen multiple comments wondering about why there would have been less trees back then. As a public historian who works at a museum, let me tell you, it is a common misconception among the public that the landscape was necessarily more wooded in the past. You have to remember that for cultures centered on agriculture whose primary source of fuel is wood, they find ways to utilize as much of the landscape for farming as possible and substantial trees with a lot of fuel potential can't be regrown overnight. That's not to say that there weren't wooded areas in the middle ages, but it's not surprising that the fields would have had less trees around than today. Several other excellent examples of this are Scotland and the east coast of the United States. For Scotland there are primary sources from the 18th century that talk about how the landscape was almost completely deforested by that point, but we know from archaeology and earlier historical sources that it was not always that way. Along the eastern coast of the United States, what started out as a veritable "jungle" with forests so thick and abundant that the early colonists couldn't imagine them being cleared, only 300 years after the settlement at Jamestown you have a landscape with less than half the trees it started with. And at the time of the American Civil War (only 150ish years ago) places that are now covered with woodland were almost all covered with fields, so that the landscape is much different now than it was then. There have even been debates over whether to keep all the trees on Civil War battlefields or take the "new" trees out to make it look like it did during the war.
So amazing.. amazing to walk around with a metal detector and just feel and respect the vibe and what happened there long ago
And anyones ancestors who fought there.. respect!
An excellent clarification of a convoluted event! Such a significant battle .
History hit! Love it! Thanks! :D
Thank you!
There is a feeling on a battlefield, yes. I've felt it at Gettysburg and Antietam, at Shiloh and Chickamauga. The energy of battle remains.
Thanks for this. Well done. For future videos, where relative elevation and visibility matter significantly, I suggest using colour-coded topographic maps, or a colour-coded topographical overlay, which would allow us to appreciate the relative elevations and therefore visibility.
That's a great idea. That would help bring it "more alive" as they say when trying to vision the battle as it was.
What an excellent documentary! Intelligent, informative and not making rash claims but convincingly presenting hard evidence.With the discovery of Richard's remains in the Leicester car park and further research on the newly found battlefield based on the scatter of canon balls we have a whole new perspective on the battle and it's aftermath. English Heritage accepts the newly found site as being THE Bosworth Field, The 2011 Time Team Special details the cannon ball research.
Very interesting and informative.
Very well researched and presented.
Great video, really interesting, thank you 😊
Reading about Henry's careful calculating character throughout his life, and given Henry had the local detailed knowledge on his side, I think it is highly likely that Henry met with Stanley the night prior to the battle and asked - If a moment arose in the battle when you could intervene in the battle and kill Richard would you swear to do it ? Stanley agreed - but it would have to be obvious so to not risk offending Richard. Henry then placed himself as bait with the marsh between him and Richard and unbeknown to Richard. Richard charged into the marsh with only his retinue and that was Stanleys obvious moment.
Who knows? What if he or his standard bearer had waved a boar-spear at Richard? Too tempting.
There were four separate armies, Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland. It was his failure to support Richard when summoned that made Richard charge. It was only then that the Stanley faction decided to support Henry.
That may be so but Stanley was a pragmatist and he would have known that his fortunes would increase greatly if his stepson was king as opposed to Richard. Plus Lord Stanley couldn’t have been happy that Richard was holding his son captive. You also have to take Margaret Beaufort’s influence in to account. She was a formidable woman
Margaret Beaufort was not a nice woman. Henry wasn't so nice either.
@@jennyhunter-beckinsall6411 Maybe not Jen, but a fantastic Mother. Through her scheming & headstrong personality she won a crown for her son, who had a vary thin claim to it.
@@mbgal7758 That is an astute observation, after all, protecting your interests and your DNA is built into the male human genome. As for the Lady.....who can really say?
@@davidlavigne207 If you want to question the dedication of females to their offspring, I suggest some nature documentaries, like lionesses protecting their young, or bears and cubs. In fact, most offspring that are nurtured in nature are raised solely by the mother, who does everything in her power to defend them and keep them safe. The males usually have no part in the raising of their offspring. Sometimes, the mothers must defend the young from the fathers themselves.
Margaret Beaufort definitely fit the mold of a mother willing to do anything for her offspring, including things that the society of the time found quite objectionable in a woman/mother. Some of her actions are questionable even today, and even by women and mothers. Imo, she was a perfect example of a "fanatic."
"...and when the loudest sound you've ever heard is a church bell or a thunderclap..." That right there is the kind of detail that never occurs to you but really helps you appreciate and attempt to understand history and our ancestors. Like it's so right to believe that if these folks didn't grow up going to concerts, playing music in their headphones and sound systems, their ear drums would be just decimated by gunfire much less cannon fire, plus they didn't exactly have ear plugs though I have to think cannon crews started stuffing anything that would fit in their ears after a few shots
Cheers from the Pacific West Coast of Canada.
great work once again.
Oh, that boar's badge! What a find! I would have been speechless, too. It's just mind-blowing.
I am so glad I found this channel!!!!
Us too!
Fabulous to see and feel Richard the archeologists enthusiasm for the evidence 👍👌
We have, of course, learnt several years ago that the historical site of the battle was wrong, as well as learning of the "proper" location.
In my view, this production has failed in various ways to reveal anything of real value to understanding what + where anything took place. Standing by a gap in a nowhere hedgerow by the side of an unknown road to tell us that X was on our left, and Y was to our front means absolutely nothing - as with similar scenarios presented throughout. They spoke of canons, but gave no indication as to where they might have been sited or in which direction they were aimed. Indeed, we were not shown which particular field any part of the battle was fought. What we were shown was landscapes big enough to encompass a dozen or more battles.
Happily, many of us would have seen similar programmes from a few years ago that gave us us specific details, including where the various artefacts were found, and even where the majority of canon projectiles were located, so we discovered precisely where the battle took place. Sadly, this programme gave us nothing much beyond the fact that Bosworth was fought in Leicestershire! Most disappointing from any PoV.
One boar does not a battlefield make! There could be a hundred and one reasons why it was found where it was and it is a bit presumptuous to say the wearer was with Richard as he died. Especially as it is then suggested the wearer was an Observer! Who 'observes' in the middle of a melee? It is not a boxing match and he would not have been refereeing. Also if the standard bearer was That close to Henry, how did they manage to kill Richard without endangering Henry? It Is possible, obviously, but horses, lances, swords, all need room. If Richard was unhorsed killing the bearer.... but.... all very odd. It would be a bit like trying to use swords and lances in a rush hour crowd on a tube platform. There is an awful Lot of supposition here. 'We know where they, were, but actually we don't'
@@hogwashmcturnip8930 Well, what actually happened was that the Leicestershire Chronicle sent one of their leading reporters to cover the battle - ostensibly as an Official War Observer - but really just a reporter. He had to wear a yellow card on his jacket with the word "PRESS" in bold Latin, so that he wouldn't be taken as a knight.
Now if you can believe what I've just written, you can believe the rubbish in the video!!!
Taking the banner or colours is the objective in most battles .unlikely to be incidental ?
Any one who has ever been in a gang fight knows how mobile it is ,add armour and horses and you have a huge area with many small mobile skirmishes,you only get to charge the enemy when you corner them ie against a marsh or other obstacle.
Completely agree. As someone with a love of history (especially Wars of the Roses) and very local to this area, I was expecting them to pinpoint where the location is. I was disappointed. I have tried to recognise where in the lanscape surrounding Ambion Hill they were standing, but there's very little I can do with a hedge and a farm that looks like the rest of the farms in the local area. My only conclusion for the very limited information regarding the location is that it's someone's private property and the owners don't want tresspassers walking on their land- which, if I'm honest, I can understand.
@@KittehHawk Unfortunately there is a problem here. After years of making the public aware of the Albion Hill site, and money ploughed into all the PR etc., how do you now say "Sorry, we made a mistake, the real site is more than two miles from here!"
I don't know if there is a permanent building or information centre re Albion, but if there is, it obviously needs changing, so it's down to the taxpayer again; and as BittyB says, perhaps the landowner doesn't want tourists coming onto his land. On the other hand, the landowner could legitimatly (or be mercenary enough) to demand regular payments to allow tourists wandering all over his property! I should imagine that the local authorities are somewhat red-faced over the issues.
first class programme!
Thank you, excellent.
Nicely presented.
Thanks to the detectorists. Fascinating.
Brilliant video. Really enjoyed it. You could have mentioned that Richard had Stanley's son, Lord Strange, hostage and threatened Stanley with his execution if he didn't support Richard. Stanley supposedly replied, "I have other sons".
Henry Tudor being one of them. I’ve often wondered if that was Stanley calling Richard’s bluff (or attempting to). I would have hated to be forced to choose between wife and son like that.
@@bethanyhait6880 Henry Tudor was actually Lord Stanley's stepson. Bearing that in mind, It was possibly foolish of Richard lll to put any trust in Stanley.
Imagine how different the whole world would be if this battle ended differently 😦
Interesting video👍🇬🇧
Very informative and thought provoking. All I have ever known of Bosworth is from Shakespeare, and a few outdated histories of the knights of the middle ages. I hope that a revisionist history may be written considering these new archaeological discoveries. Perhaps the line "My kingdom for a horse" was said as poor Richard III saw Stanley's Cavalry, the scoundrels, riding toward him for the kill as he was being surrounded by Henry's forces.
We actually know his last words. He screamed “treason” as he kept on fighting
@@tyrson4331 How do you know that??
This really was a fascinating watch.
Many thanks to all involved, and those who strive to protect our heritage. Without them, it will all just be words on the pages of history books, with no way to verify their veracity.
New techniques, technologies, and approaches, are yielding new discoveries in many fields: Physical, historical, and scientific.
A total ban on greenfield development would be a good start.
I was there in 1985 for the 500th anniversary. Charles and Diana came in a helicopter. I was probably the only American there that day
Great video - I do question the claim about excommunication of artillerymen. It seems to originate with Albert Manucy's 1949 book 'Artillery Through the Ages' - he cites no source, stating simply: "At one time the Pope saw fit to excommunicate all gunners."
The remark about sixth sense of battlefields at 23.44 is apt for Hastings too. There is no sense of I Battle, the oficial site, nor any archeological finds, but there is and are at Crowhurst.
It would have been fantastic had they used the drone footage and actually projected moving troops and such so we could get an aerial view.
That's a great thought! I came out of the video still not quite knowing where the armies were, when looking at the fields and the local landmarks.
If you look at William Hogarths depiction of William Garrick you can see three pike men holding spears or Halberds, my father kept the engraving on the wall of the den, also two halberds above the fireplace. My father was fascinated with this episode in history!
'clouds of arrows falling like hail' - that battlefield strategy of unleashing a mass of unaimed arrows up into the air has now been dismissed as a myth by archery experts.
Definitely. They were shot on a flat trajectory only. They would have had no power as "indirect" artillery.
@@garylancaster8612 Also it would have to be Before engagement, otherwise you would kill as many of your own side as the enemy!
One account I've read of archers in the Wars Of The Roses says that since both sides had them they cancelled each other out and weren't as effective as they were at Crecy or Agincourt.
Essentially, the archers were a "nice to have" item but not decisive to the outcome of the battle.
Even modern machine guns use a type of high angle fire at long range to produce what is referred to as a "beaten zone" to suppress and discourage moving targets. Some casualties are incurred during such fusillades. I doubt the angle is greater than 20 to 30 degrees depending on the range of the weapon. I can see massed archery fires being used in a similar way during the preliminary advances, with the angle decreasing and the lethality increasing as the opposing sides closed.
Please. Who are these experts?
What was done at the beginning of the battle of Towton?
This is why I love metal detecting in Britain 🇬🇧
Wow, Thomas Stanley. 1st
Earl of Derby. My ,Grandfather proud I am
As a modern blackpowder muzzleloader shooter, all I can say is that the smell becomes quite pleasant when you're used to it.
Sorry, the locals knew where the battle was but were ignored by the "experts " . So glad someone eventually listened. Used to visit the site as a child, not the one made up for tourists.
They cover this in the video. They didn't ignore it, it's that you can't rely on local tradition - it's frequently wrong, especially as historical evidence conflicted with it. You need archaeological evidence.
I really appreciate your highly insightful, and professional videos. This one especially is important to me because I can trace my family back to a minimum of 1535, in Whalley, England. Thank you to all involved.
Please note sadly Henry VI was captured at Brungerley Bridge, near Whalley.
What became of the "Time Team" investigation of the battle site?
I believe that started with other archaeologists taking soil samples. Apparently, battlefields have raised nitrogen levels from spilt blood, though what can remain after 500 years beats me!
Very interesting Indeed. I think the first Time Team program I ever watched was on the Battle of Bosworth :)
The Forestry Commission is supposedly investigating an alternative site for the Battle of Hastings. What should they be looking for considering it was about 400 years earlier?
Its simples really. They should be looking in and around the town of BATTLE just by the so called site of the battle of Hastings. Strange co-insidence that its the only town named as such, and was formed around 1066. its a no brainer, especially considering there has never been any finds on the so called battle sight to support the argument the battle was there.
@@laurencemoore8519 Only problem is that historians have only one written source for the location of the death of Harold, the Abbott of Battle Abbey, Walter de Luci who in 1152 wrote in a forged document that Harold died under the High Altar Walter was subsequently excommunicated for his trouble. The BT, if it is to be believed, puts the location some 1.5 miles away. No other information is available. Read the Song of the Norman Conquest by Guy d'Amien ( Kathleen Tyson makes a good translation) and try to get Harold to fight at the Abbey.
@@laurencemoore8519 Battle really isn't that close to Hastings, so it is really weird. But there has been a lot of discussion about where around Battle the battle took place
@@nicolawebb6025 Hastings in 1066 was a peninsular,supposedly named after the Hestinga tribe, and alot of what is now land were estuaries,harbours etc. The fact the battle was named after the area it was fought in should start to make sense. Also,where Hastings is now,was not where it was in 1066.
@@kingrubbatiti1285 where was it in 1066? I was under the impression that it was, as now, a coastal town. They moved their camp there after landing up the coast
I think that the image of Lord Stanley has been misidentified - surely that is William Cecil
It's always good news to place correctly a battlefield.
Hastings must be the following and claim Crowhurst 👍
The thumb nail showed the Sanglier Blanc, which was Richard III's badge.
Interesting. Hopefully time will reveal much more.
Very interesting, but still so many maybes !
Given it’s significance, I’m amazed with the scarcity of artefacts found that would definitively pinpoint this epic episode in our illustrious history at its exact epicentre.
Pickings from the aftermath when everything had a value, particularly the teeth, to say nothing of the salvaged armours bounty, practically ensured a methodical fingertip search left nothing behind. The topography will have certainly played a crucial role and such an opportunist on hedging their bet’s would sneakily survive.
People can "feel" where deaths occurred 500 years before? Weird statement.
How I helped find Richard's body from🇺🇲 500yrs later. Weird claim yes Stanley. GEEZE. THE things I've witnessed. Let's stop ✋ Putin now !!!
I wish all of Matt’s presentations were 45+ minutes
Marvellous
Very interesting, but better use of maps and graphics would make the points more clearly.
Great video, more like this please :)
Love this! Fantastic program! Have a question though…isn’t that portrait the Hans Holbein of the infamous Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk…the grandson of John Howard who fought at Bosworth?
I'm always careful to distinguish between fact: An inkwell found. And speculative assertion such as: "The inkwell belonged to Richard's scribe who was writing an important message for Richard but then dropped the inkwell as he fled the area from cannon fire". This can be problematic for history and science. Color is one thing, but we must be watchful how we disseminate our conjecture.
History was written by the victor.. and the victors scribes lied.. the Plantagonets still live, in Australia. And archaeology is 99% theory. ;-)
@@mavisspearhead1742 I realize this is only YT comments, but you throw out all manner of claims without the tiniest scrap of evidence. Archaeology is not 99 percent speculation.
@@thomasbell7033 if you did more research, you will learn some facts.. lol. even modern historians see the lies in history.. and no, i did not throw out all manner of claims, as you claim. without a scrap of evidence.. The monarchy of today are imposters, and have no real claim today.Just because some folk say they are monarchs, dont make it so.. tony robinson nailed it, hes also done the research..
I think he said Henry's scribe. Also what else would have happened? This does seem to be a likely explaination.
You were not careful enough when you watched the video. He said the inkwell most likely from Henry’s camp.
Magnificent….
Shocked at how small the silver boar badge is . . . Amazing find!
Brilliant. Subbed.
The silver boar badge with gilding on the edges was worn by the senior knights of Richard 3rd. They also wore the white rose as a symbol of York. Someone in the family had one of these in the 1970's from Grafton, and I asked why the boar has such a large and prominent winky. She replied, "They were very vulgar back then."
Interesting channel
The Stanleys: Imfamous historical 'goal-hangers'.
My great aunt Bessie Bedford Stanley has an obvious relationship to you We have been in🇺🇲 since 1680s, however, Thomas 1st Earl of Derby is 20 gen. Grandfather 👴 is Bedford close to Stanley Britain 🇬🇧 hey let's stand united and defeat Putin 😀
Oi! That's my horse!
A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse!
Love listening to History Hit and learning so much about UK and its history. Although Australian my ancestors all came from Britain and I feel it is my history also. The thing I find troubling now is the influx of so many migrants and how this will influence the United Kingdom moving forward. I'd hate to see another Civil War in what is now a relatively peaceful country
This has been fascinating and well presented, but forgive me, I believe your portrait of the Duke of Norfolk is that of John Howard's grandson, Thomas, 3rd Duke of Norfolk.
You are right very definitely Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk, uncle to Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard (Queens of England) 1473 to 1554 grandson of John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshal of England 1421 to 1485. If you notice Thomas Howard is holding the staff signifying his role of Earl Marshal.
I thought that too!
You are correct and it stood out to me instantly when I saw the painting of the 3rd Duke being represented as John Howard. Seems a GLARING oversight for a British run history channel of this size to make such an obvious mistake. Oh well!
Despite this, I agree, it was a good presentation of Bosworth and that time in history concerning the wars of the roses. I’m glad such videos are being made!
I caught that as well. Still a great video regardless.
I was surprised to learn there were less trees around when the battle took place.
Struck me that there wouldn’t have been the hedgerows, but fewer trees seems less likely. Not that I have any expertise in the medieval landscape.
As a public historian who works at a museum, let me tell you, it is a common misconception among the public that the landscape was necessarily more wooded in the past. You have to remember that for cultures centered on agriculture whose primary source of fuel is wood, they find ways to utilize as much of the landscape for farming as possible and substantial trees with a lot of fuel potential can't be regrown overnight. That's not to say that there weren't wooded areas in the middle ages, but it's not surprising that the fields would have had less trees around than today. Several other excellent examples of this are Scotland and the east coast of the United States. For Scotland there are primary sources from the 18th century that talk about how the landscape was almost completely deforested by that point, but we know from archaeology and earlier historical sources that it was not always that way. Along the eastern coast of the United States, what started out as a veritable "jungle" with forests so thick and abundant that the early colonists couldn't imagine them being cleared, only 300 years after the settlement at Jamestown you have a landscape with less than half the trees it started with. And at the time of the American Civil War (only 150ish years ago) places that are now covered with woodland were almost all covered with fields, so that the landscape is much different now than it was then. There have even been debates over whether to keep all the trees on Civil War battlefields or take the "new" trees out to make it look like it did during the war.
@@soccerchamp0511 Well the politics of fear is raging at the moment, lying to us that we are all bad people and that we are destroying the natural world. C02 gas is great for the environment and forests are thriving. Don't get me wrong we have to stop shitting in our own nest, but we are cleaning up our act and science will find a way to fuel our industries in a clean sustainable manner. Fear is destroying our youths and turning them into unreasonable woke fools, but they won't be fooled forever.
It stunning to think that John De Vere 13th earl of Oxford led the charge that one his descendant Edward De Vere 17 earl of Oxford would gift us with in the works of Richard III. Oh yea, Bill Shakspere ancestors were cleaning stables and mastering how to make mittens. Now that is real history.
Good stuff.
This isn't new. We have known it was well over at Sutton Cheney and Shenton, across 7 miles since 2015.
I know. When this started I was thinking 'have they moved it Again?,' lol before I realised it is just rehashing old news.
Fabulous, thankyou! Shame the Battle of Hastings sight isn't being treated same way with regards to finding the true sight
Site not sight
I’m wondering if anybody has noticed Norfolk’s flanking maneuvers to engage Oxford must have marched right past the Stanley camp, this must have been very very weird if Richard iii and Henry vii were watching because this flanking happened before the King charged down to his final battle
The parallels between the history being presented here and Game of Thrones really gives you a sense of how much George R.R. Martin was influenced by the Wars of the Roses.
The rooster is officialy the symbol of France, in fact the real one is the celtic boar. Historians gave us the rooster. It's because in latin, gallica, used by Julius Cesar, for Gallican Wars, means rooster.
Absolutely. Tywin Lannister is basically stanley, joining the battle once the tide of battle turned.
Would love to see this kind of analysis applied to the Battle of Hastings.
The archeology is being done, though I don't know of a documentary about the findings having been done which is as comprehensive as this. There is a theory currently gaining traction that the location of the Battle of Hastings was also misplaced, and that the bulk of it took place under what is now a roundabout.
@@joycecharbonneau152 You’re referencing Time Team’s effort back in 2013. There are 8 locations in play; Battle Abbey or A2100/A271 roundabout, mini roundabout, Caldbec Hill, Crowhurst, Ridge 3 miles east, Beech Farm, Beechdown Wood or nearer to Netherfield or my favourite -Ashes Wood
Any mass graves from the battlefield ever found?
So Stanley was basically the John Terry of the late medieval period
That first object was definitely an inkwell. In the U.S., similar inkwells have been found, mostly carved from soapstone. Some were made of pewter, lead or ceramic material. By the late 18th century and through the 19th century, they were blown from glass. Even the beveled sides are the same. Many inkwells maintained that shape in some form well into the 20th century. I didn't know the form was that early. This is an excellent video!
I was lucky to discover that my 17th gt grand uncle was Rhys ap Thomas 🏴😀😀😀😀😀
Hi, at 12:20, am I correct in suspecting that this a picture of the 3rd Duke of Norfolk (who would have been about 12 at the time) and not the 1st Duke of Norfolk, who would have been there instead?
Really enjoyed this video the ink well could of been anybodys or looted then dropped same as the badge but still a good story.
No.mention of the 4th Earl of Northumberland. On Richards flank but held back. He was a Plantagenet pressed to fealty to the Yorkists. But apparently didn't back Richard quick enough. Amazed they didn't mention Richards other flank.
These two portraits (02:50 and 03:11) are 100 years out of date, at least.
Great! Except you got some of the paintings wrong. That’s Thomas Howard, Henry VIII’s man, not his father John Howard.
You made my point, Rick. Good catch. Wonder if any images of John Howard exist. Thomas Howard was wounded at this battle and taken prisoner. He was then the Earl of Surrey.