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Ako'y naaantig sa bigat ng layunin ng pilosopiya at pamimilosopiya para kay Hornedo. Makikitang lumampas ito sa kilalang depinisyon ng simpleng pagiisip ng may saysay at kalaliman, pagtatanong ng mahahalagang katanungan, at paghukay at pagungkat sa kung ano ang talagang totoo. Bagkus, binigyan niya ito ng isang konkretong layuning nararapat isagawa-- ang paggamit ng pamimilosopiya sa panginigilatis. Ang pilosopiya ang siyang maaaring makapagbigay-daan sa pagbuo ng isang mas mabuti at maunlad na pamumuhay-- pamumuhay na nakaugat sa kultura at lipunang ginagalawan. At dahil konkreto at isinasagawa ang layuning ito, ang pilosopiya ay laging para sa ikabubuti, sa ikasisiwalat ng mga kabuktutan, at sa ikatatama ng mga mali. Marahil, kung ganito ang tingin natin sa pilosopiya, at kung sa ganitong layon tayo namimilosopiya, makabubuo tayo ng isang kamalayang walang-sawang sumusuri at tumutugis sa bawat mali, at walang-humpay na nagpapatibay at nagpapalaganap ng bawat tama. This is the real and tangible goal of philosophy. We enact philosophy because we want to right the wrongs. We do philosophy because we are for the truth.

The Power To Be o ang kakayahang umiral; Isa ito sa mga pamimilosopiya ni Florentino Hornedo na pinakatumatak sa aking isipan, lalo na't natuklasan ko ang importansya nito sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas --- maging sa kapanahunang ipinapahayag niya ito. Kung para kay Mercado ang pilosopiyang Filipino ay nasa taong-bayan, kaniyang sinumite ang katanungang "bakit ang dating hindi Filipino o banyaga ay nagiging Filipino?" Kaniyang isiniwalat na ang Filipinong identitad ay hindi lamang nababase sa dugo at pagkamamamayan, ngunit sa iba't ibang kultura't mentalidad. Mula rito, para kay Hornedo ang pilosopiyang Filipino ay hindi lamang humihinto sa taong-bayan, kundi maging sa kakayahan nating ipairal ang kultura't mentalidad nating pinagmulan; sapagkat tayo ay may kalayaang pairalin ang ating sariling kamalayan. Kung hindi natin ito maipakita o tayo ay walang kakayahang pairalin ito, nangangahulugan lamang na ito ay magreresulta ng saradong kamalayan.

"The stuff of freedom is autonomous energy for being" - Florentino Hornedo (My personal thoughts na sana may saysay) The word '"freedom", though not exclusively, is inherently linked to the Philippines as throughout of our history the pursuit of freedom is prominent and the moments of the Filipino's revolution (like the KKK revolution, Peoples power revolution, etc.) brought a big wave of change to the country's political and social landscape thus having a mark in our history books and defining the spirit of the Filipino (being resilient and hopeful amidst calamities) you can even see it in the flag with the sun symbolizing unity and freedom. Whenever I think of the word freedom it always goes back to the Philippines history of the peoples defiance and unwavering desire for their autonomy and what Florentino Hornedo said about freedom being the autonomous energy for being. What he said somewhat put a pin in the concept of freedom and how it is achieved by people. Personally I believe that freedom is achieved through a means of action coming from within a person even with internal strife and external factors. Yet Florentino focused on something that if I'm being honest I took for granted which is "power", I've always thought that power is the thing being reached upon because freedom is linked to having a certain power to be freed from the shackles but power is not exclusive to that. The idea also that the loss of freedom comes from within, like the bird being caged but instead of putting up a fight it just weeps, though I do agree that we ultimately should speak up and to break the cage we are locked in it somewhat dismisses the part of different circumstances when pursuing freedom. "It is not the cage but the bird's inability to break open the cage that keeps the bird a prisoner" What if the bird can't really fight back? what if the moment they try to break the cage it's in the cost of their lives? What if the bird is really aware of its situation and ability to fight back but chooses not to out of fear for their loved ones? To dismiss the reason why the bird is crying and not fighting back is to exclude a portion of the people who are desiring for freedom also but due to their circumstances like their economic status, familial situation, educational background, disabilities resulting to them being exploited, being retaliated by people who have power over the and be left out in the fight for freedom due to their situation. Though there are birds who feel content with being locked in a cage or just simply being quiet, to simply brush every bird who aren't fighting back as "feeling content" is to ignore the other possibilities as to why they aren't fighting back and the more reason why we need to empower them and to find ways in aiding these birds in order to truly achieve freedom for everyone.

Sinabi ni Hornedo na kung lubos ang kamalayan, lubos din ang kalayaan at kung ganito ang sitwasyon, mangangahulugan itong kung sarado ang kamalayan, wala siyang kalayaan. Pero kaakibat ng kalayaan ang pananagutan. Kung wala siyang kalayaan, wala rin siyang pananagutan kaya tama ba na kung sarado ang kamalayan ng isang tao, makakatakas o abswelto na siya sa kaniyang pananagutan? This would contradict the notion that the ignorance of the law excuses no one. Rather, it would be excusable if one violated the laws just because they are not aware of what the law consists.

Thanks . Hope to see more philosophical videos

Ang paniniwala na dapat maging malayang agham ang pilosopiya sa relihiyon ay hindi hiwalay sa misyon o sa pagkakakilala kay Quito. Si Emerita Quito ay kilala bilang Ama ng Kontemporaneong Pamimisopiya sa Pilipinas kadahilanan sa kaniyang mga naisulat, at sa kaniyang kagustuhan na bigyan ng orihinal na pilosopiya ang mga Filipino. Pero huwag natin ito titignan na isa ito sa mga ibang misyon ni quito pero tignan natin ito bilang align sa misyon o kagustuhan ni Quito. Kahit na ipinaglalaban niya na dapat hindi limitado ang pilosopiya sa relihiyon pwede ito e connect sa kagustuhan niya para sa mga Filipino. Dahil ang dominadong relihiyon nung panahon iyon ay ang Christianity. Kung mapapalaya natin ang pilosopiya sa reliihiyon, ito ay isang hakbang sa pagpapalaya natin sa banyagang pagiisip at banyagang pilosopiya.

Plato's Politeia offers profound insights into justice, morality, and the pursuit of self-knowledge that are still relevant today. The allegory of the cave stands out to me as a powerful metaphor for how people often live in ignorance, mistaking shadows for reality. This reflects how many today are trapped by misinformation or the influence of media and societal expectations, failing to see the deeper truths that lie beyond superficial appearances. The story of the Ring of Gyges challenges us to consider our integrity and moral character-would we still do what is right if no one could see or judge us? For me, this idea highlights the importance of personal integrity, where justice is not about external validation but about staying true to one’s principles even when unobserved. Plato's emphasis on self-knowledge, as captured in Socrates’ famous phrase "Know thyself," resonates deeply with me. It serves as a reminder that real growth and virtue come from within. Reflecting on our actions, desires, and motivations is essential to living a meaningful and just life. His Politeia pushes me to reflect more deeply on my values, question the world around me, and strive for both personal and societal improvement.

The Apologia or the defense of Socrates gave importance to critical thinking and philosophical inquiry particularly through his trial. What stands out to me is how Socrates was not afraid to challenge established norms, even if it meant risking everything, including his life. It makes me think about how often people accept things as they are, without questioning or looking deeper into the truth. Socrates' determination to seek truth, despite the dangers, demonstrates a level of bravery that we do not usually witness today. In today's world, it is easier to conform to popular opinion or avoid upsetting the status quo. However, without inquiry and critical thinking, we wind ourselves living in ignorance or worse, allowing injustices to carry on unabated. Socrates emphasizes that knowledge and truth are more than merely gathering facts; they are moral endeavors that require us to stand up for what is right, even if it comes at a personal cost. Socrates choosing integrity above survival and refusing to relinquish his philosophical studies is something I admire. It makes me reflect on how we frequently value self-preservation or comfort over the truth. His life tells us that true growth, both personally and for society, occurs when we are willing to ask challenging questions and confront uncomfortable realities. Even though it’s challenging, that pursuit of knowledge and understanding is what leads to real or authentic wisdom.

Sa pagninilay sa ating mga diskurso, tumatak sa akin ang punto at hamon ni Quito na kailangang bumouo ng isang "atmospera" na hahayaang yumabong ang ating mga intelektwal. May kapasidad tayo upang maging de kalibre, ngunit kulang ang ating motibasyon; wala tayong "enviroment" kung saan maaring yumabong. Para sa akin, isa itong repleksyon ng ating kultura at pagkatao bilang Pilipino. Katulad ng pagbabalik-tanaw ni Quito sa kasaysayan, nararapat na pagnilayan din natin ang ating mga personal na nakaraan. Kinakailangang tuklasin natin ang ating sanhi, lagay, at bunga, na makikita lamang sa kaibuturan ng ating pagkatao. Sa ganitong paraan lamang natin matutugunan ang kawalan ng motibasyon, dahil sa simula't sapul, nasa loob naman talaga natin ito. Likas ito sa atin. Ang tao, lalo na ang Pilipino, ay likas na gustong magpayabong ng sarili at ng kaalaman. At kapag natuklasan na natin ang ating nakakubling motibasyon, likas na dadaloy sa ating salita at gawa ang kagustuhang bumuo ng isang "atmosperang" magpapayabong din sa ating kapwa. Nagsisimula ang motibasyon sa pagtuklas sa sarili. Namumunga ang motibasyon at siyang nagpapayabong sa tao. At ang pagyabong ito ang siya mismong dahilan ng pagusbong ng mga panibagong motibadong tao. Ito ang atmospera na kailangang kailangan natin lalo na ngayon. MARQUEZ, Rafael Carmelo A. 1PHL1 IFP ELEC

Dahil sa pangyayari sa buhay ni Sokrates, napag alaman kong kahit ilang taon na ang nakalipas marami pa rin talaga ang mga mapagkunwari. Nagkalat pa rin ang mga nagmamagaling kahit saang field sila kabilang at patuloy na nagkakalat ng tingin nilang tama. Hindi nakabase sa estado sa buhay ang pagiging sarado sa isip ng ilang tao. Tulad ng sinapit ni Sokrates, kwestyonin o suriin mo lang ang mga karunungan nila, ituturing kang banta o “langaw”. Sa kabila ng panganib na kaakibat dito, narapat lamang na makialam at magtanong. Huwag papalinlang sa mga doxa o sabi-sabi. Manindigan sa pagiging bukas sa kritisismo. Ito ay upang masigurado na hindi tayo nakasunod sa mali o kasinungalingan, maiayos ang mga negatibo. Dapat lang na patuloy siyasatin ang katotohanan nang hindi maabuso ang nino man. Macadangdang, Jenelle Eve R. ELE PPCT A13-1

Gadfly. Truth. and Knowing. Just as Socrates described himself, I believe we must also be gadflies that 'sting' a sleeping horse. Though it may be irritating, it is necessary, to provoke change. Since change does not simply ‘come’, we must be willing to stand up and speak out if we want to see progress in our society. Like Socrates, who had the bad reputation of a gadfly for constantly challenging the polis, his actions were not popular at the time, and many hated and threatened him for it. But by sticking to his principles until the end, he inpsired and opened the eyes of many, showing that it only takes courage and wisdom to achieve change. We must not be complacent or blindly follow the status quo or politicians when their views stray from what is moral or just. To be philosophic is to consistently seek truth, even when it is uncomfortable or unpopular. Socrates showed his profound commitment to virtue and truth- amidst facing death, he was willing to fight for his principles. To him, living without the pursuit of truth was worse than death itself. But first we must know that true wisdom begins with humilty, by acknowledging that you know nothing. If you can’t accept your own ignorance, then you are susceptible to foolishness- just like the poets, politicians, and craftsmen who claimed to be wiser than they truly were. Socrates saw right through them. Arrogance blinds us with prejudices, making us irrational, narcissistic, and ultimately misguided. Kristelle Fae R. Romales ELE PPCT A13-1

As I read Plato’s Politeia, the first book mentioned “Ang Singsing ni Gyges” talks about a ring having the power of invisibility whoever wears it. With this power, this makes humans have more freedom with doing whatever they want without having to serve their consequences from their actions. The story itself implies the concept of humans testing their moral consciences of their actions. With humans having the ability to think, they are capable of knowing what is right and wrong. The main teaching of the story highlights the essence of living goodness without respecting something in return and respecting others as a way of recognizing human dignity and human rights. Meanwhile, the story of the “Ang Yungib” focuses on the people being imprisoned and stuck in their places as they view shadows and manipulated images by the people at the back of the prisoners. They were also compared to the people who were free and escaped the dark nature of the cave which were labeled as the enlightened and awakened. The main point of this book highlights the art of deinfluencing or deviating ourselves from the destructive societal concepts that society has taught us. This can be also connected from being more socially aware and conscious of the media we consume, especially learning to analyze fake news in social media. Plato mentioned that to escape the cave and lead ourselves to the path of light which is a metaphor for truth needs that we can only free ourselves from the darkness of the cave by being more conscious of the societal structures that can negatively affect us - this may not be an easy journey, especially unlearning and being more aware and accepting of the reality we live in. As we learn to accept this, we are slowly stepping to the truth embodying our conscious and critical mind fighting and eradicating deceiving lives. Plato also emphasized that truth is within us that can be more active through self-reflection and heightens moral responsibility by acting accordingly and morally. Lastly, I connect this to the quote of former senator John “Pepe” Diokno “The answer lies in what life means to you” - the quote means that life depends on one’s life principles and perspectives. Lastly, this reminds us that we should do our best to live with goodwill and pure intentions no matter how people treat us as long as we do not hurt and deceive people for our own advantage.

Reading the text, “Apologia ni Socrates” highlights the value of curiosity by being more critical with the media we consume, especially in social media and humility by accepting that we are imperfect human beings who do not know everything but will learn later in life as time passes by. With these values mentioned, acquiring understanding with critical thinking can help us scrutinize facts on the news or media we consume. Studying Socrates’ text helped me evaluate the importance of education in life - the habit of knowing and being open in life brings knowledge in the human consciousness. One of the most important concepts in the text is to uphold truth in every living situation whether defending for the oppressed or fighting fake news, misinformation, and disinformation in social media as we eradicate the causes of truth distortion. As we fight for truth it is also a must to fact check information and to be wary of the information that is being shared in the media. Accepting truth in our lives can be hard, especially when living the value in our lives, but once our consciousness is aware - we cannot be easily influenced by the lies and societal concepts which heightens to challenge our ability to think. The text calls for the initiative to be more open-minded and to be critical of what to improve in unlearning bad habits that can deviate our path to a truthful life. Socrates' line “Ang buhay na hindi sinasaliksik ay hindi buhay tao” recognizes that human beings are also designed to think about their lives’ purposes. With humans acquiring wisdom and knowledge, Socrates mentioned that knowledge is meant to be shared and should not only be for personal gain. It is why he also believes that education is for everyone and should not only be for the rich, but also for the marginalized in society.

Magandang binigyang pansin at isinantabi ang mga pagesteriotipo o steretotypes ni Andres Bonifacio na inihubog sa atin mula pagkabata. "Mahilig makipaglaban," "Hindi matalino," "Palaging galit" ay isa sa mga pangunahing ginagamit upang makilala natin si Bonifacio noon, ngunit, tama nga ba ito? Bagkus ang ating kamangmangan sa tunay na rason nang pakikibaka ni Bonifacio ay parang na ring sumisimbulo at tumutulad sa pagkabulag ng mga Tagalog noong panahon ng Espanyol. Ang kaniyang pakikipagdigma ay hindi lamang umuugat sa matinding pagkagalit; hindi rin dahil siya'y "hindi matalino" at dito lamang siya lumalamang. Kundi, ang kaniyang pakikipagdigma at pag-aksyon ay mula sa kabatiran nang kaniyang mata, at kabatiran ng kaniyang isipan. Ang pagkilos niya ay hindi dahil sa kakulangan ng kanyang kaalaman, sapagkat ang kaniyang pagkilos ay mula sa mga nalalaman (napag-aralan) at naranasan. Magandang mensahe at pilosopiya ang iniwan sa atin ni Bonifacio - na tayo'y matutong ilagay sa kilos ang ating katalinuhan, palibhasa ang katalinuhan mag-isa ay kulang upang makaimpluwensiya sa ating kinabibilangan. Sa kabilang dako, nais kong bigyan ng pansin ang pananaw ni Epifanio San Juan o E. San Juan na dapat suriin ang "sapin-saping langkay" imbes na ang karakter ng indibidwal upang maintindihan ang mga teksto ni Bonifacio. Dahil dito, nabigyan ako ng makabagong perspektibo at nakita ang mga naka-impluwensiya kay Bonifacio sa pagsulat. Hindi ito dahil siya'y matalino at may kahiligan sa pagbasa, kundi dahil nais niyang liwanagan ang isipan ng mga Tagalog noon matapos sila'y lunurin sa kadiliman. Pinapatunayan ng kaniyang motibasyon na may inuugatan ang kaniyang pagkilos - siguro dito pumapasok ang nabanggit ni E. San Juan sapagkat ang bunga nito mismo ay ang karakter ni Bonifacio - ito ang humubog sa kaniya bilang Katipunero at makabayang Pilipino. Kagaya nga sa pamimilosopiya, kailangan hinahanap natin ang UGAT o ang ORIGIN upang mayroong pag-unlad sa kasalukuyan. Tayo, bilang Pilipino, maipapakita ba natin sa makabagong panahon ang katatagan ng ating kabatiran? Lalo na sa panahon ngayon. Makabago man ang mga bumubungang isyu lalo na sa politika, ngunit kailangan isinasabuhay pa rin natin ang mga mahahalagang konsepto ni Bonifacio sa makabagong paraan at tamang konteksto. Sa bawat himagsik natin para sa ating kalayaan ay nagsisilbing motibasyon mula sa kakulangan ng ating lipunan. PERUCHO, Mary Nicole G. 1PHL2

Sa bidyong panayam na ito, ang aking pananaw tungo sa aking mga kapwa at bansa ay nagbago. Ang konsepto ng bayan nila Jacinto at Bonifacio ay nakakamangha dahil tinitignan nila ang taumbayan bilang magkakadugo na galing sa iisang bayan, at kagaya ng sinabi ni Doc Emman na "asa isang katawan lamang sila, ang pangulo ay hindi hiwalay doon. Siya ay naglilingkod bilang lider, pero parte parin sya ng bayan. Noong naisip ko ito pumasok sa aking isipan ang mga magagaling at mababait na mga pulitiko kung saan sila ay may servant - leadership. Maganda ang kanilang serbisyo dahil kilala nila ang kapwa nila at alam nila nakikibahagi sila. Gusto ko rin dalhin ang comment ni Ivan Angeles na ang "ideya ng Katipunan na pagkapantay pantay na nakuha ni Bonifacio sa masonry ay identical sa pagkapantay pantay sa komunismo ni Marx." Gusto ko rin ibahagi ang isa pang similarities ng pilosopiya ni Bonifacio sa rebolusyon at sa rebolusyon ni Marx. Kagaya ng sinabi ni Marx na mahalaga at kailangan ng rebolusyon upang mapatanggal ang bulok na sistema at mabago ito, ganoon rin sa rebolusyon ng Katipunan. Upang sila ay maging malaya kailangan nila mag rebolusyon. Gusto ko rin idala ang isang kontrobersyal na topic sa pagiging repormista ni Rizal, pag tayo ay nagreporma lamang ang sistema ay hindi ganoon magbabago. Pero kung tayo ay nag rebolusyon magigiba natin ang bulok na sistema, mapapatanggal ang mga oppressor, at mapapaunlad ang ating mahal na Bayan. Kaya ako ay nagagalak dahil si Bonifacio kahit napatigil sa pagaaral at nanguilila ito ng maaga, siya ay naging isang magaling na lider. Kagaya nga ng sinabi rin ni Mark Gamba sa comment section na baka sangkap ng maagang pangungulila niya ang nagtransform sakanya bilang maging isang magaling na lider. GAYOMA, JASON ZACHARY 1PHL2 - IFP

Before Socrates said all I know is i know nothing that idea is already in Solomon's wisdom

Isa sa aking napagtanto sa apologia ni Sokrates ay mayroong mga pagkakataon na nangyayari din ito sa kasalukuyan sa ating bansa. Sapagkat sa mundo na ating kinagagalawan ngayon ay maraming may kanya kanyang opinion karanasan at isa na halimbawa nito ay sa pulitika. Marami ang naloloko sa mga pekeng balita dahil hindi marunong ang iba mangilatis kung alin ba ang katotohanan o hindi. Mayroon din mga opinion o boses na nais iparinig sa katauhan ngunit dahil ito ay hindi makaka benepisyo sa nakakataas sila ay pinapatahimik. Ito ay aking naikumpara sa apologia ni Sokrates dahil siya din ay napagbintangan na nang lalason ng utak ng mga kabataan o nakakarinig sakanyang sinasabi at sinusubukan ng mga sophist o nakakataas na patahimikin ito. Francisco, Gie Lou, B. ELE A-13 1ECO1

From the material “Singsing ni Gyges” I’ve reflected a lot on what I might do if I had that kind of power-like going to the cinemas for free, shopping, and attending concerts. Even though these actions are not overtly vile, they would still be regarded as doing something unjust for how you still consider doing things because there were no more consequences to face. This material emphasizes how people only do just things because they are faced with the fear of punishment. However, regardless of whether there are consequences for doing unjust things, considering doing what is right and maintaining integrity-even when no one is watching-is an individual with genuine intentions. On the other hand, similar situations portrayed in Allegory of the Cave often happen in the real world. There will always be individuals who would instead stick to his principles of what he thinks is the reality rather than acknowledge that there is more than meets the eye and beyond their illusions. This story highlights that we are meant to learn, grow, and extend our knowledge by “returning to those who are still in the dark”-those who are yet to experience and grasp the ultimate truth. Additionally, it emphasizes that rather than being fixed to what we are used to, breaking free towards the light will ultimately allow us to grow and realize that we can discover more than our familiar illusions. CRISOLOGO, Darlene R. ELE PPCT A2-1

What captured my attention the most is the phrase, “No one chooses to do evil knowingly.” We all have our own understanding of what is good and what is evil, but doing unjust and morally evil things does not simply justify our reason. Yes, we can say that we have our perspective of what is good, or rather, what benefits us the most. If you to put in an ethical perspective, would you report the man who stole food and money just so he can provide for his family? One may say that stealing is bad but another would simply say that the purpose of the man’s action is somehow right. FERNANDEZ, Soberien Kate F. ELE PPCT A3-1 | 1JRN1

The symbolism of the "Singsing ni Gyges" showed that this issue still happens in our society. It focuses on the power of an individual, that has the capacity to abuse the power that they have especially those who have a position. The ability to do the wrong doing with the knowledge that they trust the security and also without thinking about the consequences and the people who will be involved in the consequence. Power comes with great strength and corruption as well.

Mula sa bidyo na aking napanood, nagkaroon pa ako ng dagdag kaalaman mula sa pamimilosopiya ni Sokrates. Napulot ko mula rito na ang totoong kayamanan ay hindi nasusukat base sa mga materyal na bagay, at ito ang kayamanan sa intelektwal at moral. Dahil naging balakid man kanyang kapasidad sa pinansyal, ang dedikasyon ni Sokrates sa pagkuwestyon at pag intindi pa kung ano ang nasa mundo at paligid niya ay nagpapakita na ang pagtugis ng karunungan ay napakahalaga. Kaya naman mula rito, tinuruan tayo ni Sokrates na ang mga materyal na bagay ay hindi habang buhay; ang mga kaalaman na makukuha mula sa tunay na pagtatanong at etikal na pagninilay ay nagdudulot ng pangmatagalang epekto sa ating sarili at sa lipunan. RODRIGUEZ, Julianna T. 1COM4 - PPCT ELE A2-1

Habang pinakikinggan ko yung video sa part nung “Alegorya ng Yungib” ni Plato, naisip ko ang kasabihang, “The truth will set you free.” Eh, ano bang silbi ng pagsasabi ng katotohanan kung ikaw mismo ay pagiinitan, o kaya’y patayin dahil sa ginawa mong pagsabi ng katotohanan? Hindi ba pwede na hayaan na lang natin ang bawat isa sa kani-kanilang paniniwala? Ano bang makukuha natin diyan? “Ignorance is bliss,” ika nga nila ‘di ba? Pero, nung mas nilaanan ko ng pag-iisip, ipinapakita ni Plato sa “Alegorya ng Yungib” na kapag ang tao ay namulat sa katotohanan, may obligasyon ang taong iyon na “bumalik sa yungib” at ibahagi ang kanyang natutunan sa iba, kahit na pang ito ay mangagahulugan ng paglalagay ng sarili niyang buhay sa panganib. Ang mga taong nananatili sa dilim, mga nakakulong pa rin sa kanilang maling paniniwala, kadalasan, sila pa mismo ang nagagalit o tinatanggihan ang katotohanan kapag iniharap ito sa kanila. Doon naman sa “Ring of Gyges,” ibinanggit ni Glaucon na ang mga tao ay kumikilos ng makatarungan hindi dahil likas silang mabuti, kundi dahil natatakot sila sa mga posibleng parusa sa pagiging masama. Ngunit, kapag ang mga tao ay nakatitiyak na hindi sila mahuhuli, tulad ng isang taong may singsing ni Gyges, sila’y hindi gagawa ng mga hindi makatarungang bagay dahil hindi sila takot sa mga magiging kahihinatnan ng kasamaan. Ang punto ko rito ay, mula sa dalawang istorya ni Plato, nagpapakita sila ng dalawang bagay: ang kahirapan sa pagpapahayag ng katotohanan at ang tunay na kalikasan ng isang tao pagdating sa pagiging makatarungan. Sa “Alegorya ng Yungib,” ipinapakita ang hirap ng pagdaloy ng katotohanan, na kahit na ito’y nagbibigay kalayaan, ang mga tao ay mas pipiliing manatili sa kasinungalingan. Sa “Ring of Gyges,” ipinapakita naman ang “temptation” na sumiping sa kasamaan kapag wala nang banta ng parusa. Napagtanto ko na ang parehong kwento ay nagsusuri sa kung ano talaga ang gumagabay sa mga aksyon ng tao-takot sa parusa, o tunay na pagmamahal sa katarungan at katotohanan. Siguro ang layunin ni Plato mula sa dalawang kwento na ito ay mailahad sa atin na ang katotohanan ay hindi talaga madaling tanggapin o kaya ipahayag, lalo na kung ito ay naglalagay sa atin sa peligro. Ngunit, sa kabila ng lahat ng panganib na ating kinakaharap at makakaharap, ang pagkilala at pagkilos ayon sa katotohanan ay ang tunay na susi sa kalayaan. Katulad nga ng sinabi ko sa simula, "The truth will set you free"-hindi lang sa pagkakaalam ng katotohanan, kundi sa pagkilos ayon dito, kahit gaano pa kahirap o delikado. Sa huli, ang totoong kalayaan ay makakamit lamang kapag tayo’y natutong magsalita at kumilos nang may katarungan at katotohanan. ROSARIO, Karol Czarls R. ELE PPCT A13-1 | 1ECO1

Releasing our inner child is how we unlock our true potential for knowledge. Socrates' famous statement, "All I know is that I know nothing", reflects a child’s mind-an open, curious canvas, ready to be filled with new ideas. Even at the age of 70, Socrates kept his childlike mindset that is always eager to learn. As I reflect on his life, particularly his decision to defend himself in old age, I can't help but wonder "Why a man nearing the end of his life would choose not to simply accept his fate. After all, we all eventually leave this world, don’t we?". But then I realized it was his passion, his unwavering commitment to his calling, that drove him. Socrates sought to awaken the knowledge within us all, to help us release the inner child that longs to learn and grow. Like many of us today who pursue our passions despite obstacles, Socrates was relentless. The key difference, though, is that he was shamed and criticized for his pursuits, his reputation tarnished by those who failed to understand him. In today’s world, we are quick to judge, quick to cancel people and ideas simply because we assume we already know everything. This rush to judgment reminds me of the people who tainted Socrates' reputation, refusing to see the value in his message. We must not allow ourselves to fall into the trap of presuming we know everything there is to know. As my parents used to tell me when I was afraid to voice my thoughts, "Kung wala kang tinatapakang tao, hindi ka dapat natatakot". We are given minds to think, explore, and seek answers-not to let our curiosity wither away. This has been a wake-up call for me, I've realized that I know very little, and it would take more than a lifetime to grasp absolute knowledge. Like Socrates, I should embrace my inner child, stay curious, and never stop questioning. My parents' advice about not being afraid to speak up if I’m doing no harm resonates deeply with Socrates’ words: "An unexamined life is not worth living." We must embrace our inner child and unlock our true potential for knowledge. Life is worth living fully, which means pushing beyond the comfort of what we think we know. We should explore, learn, and grow without fear-because if we’re not harming anyone, then we have nothing to fear. And if we encounter resistance, perhaps that’s when we know we’re on the path to helping others, just as Socrates did, open their minds to the deeper truth of seeking knowledge. PEREZ, JENIA MARGAUX ELE PPCT A2-1

Isa sa mga tumatak sa isipan ko ukol sa bidyong ito ay ang pagiging makatarungan ng isang tao. Noong nalaman ko ang ginawa ni Gyges nung siya ay nakaranas maging invisible sa harap ng tao gamit ang singsing, napaisip ako kung ako rin ba ang nasa kalagayan niya ay magagawa ko ang bagay na hindi makatarungan. At iyon nga ang iba pang natalakay sa bidyo na ito. Walang likas na makatarungan sa tao, sumusunod lang tayo sa patakaran o batas upang hindi tayo maparusahan. Ito ang kinagandahan ng mga patakaran na sinusunod natin. Dahil nagbibigay ito ng kapayapaan sa lipunan at kahit papaano ay nakakabawas ng munting problema. Ngunit kahit may batas na, marami pa rin ang hindi sumusunod at gumagawa ng hindi makatarungan. Marami pa rin ang sumusuway. At iba-iba ang rason ng mga bagay na ito. Katulad na lang din ng nabanggit, maaaring akala nila makatarungan ang kanilang ginagawa kahit hindi pala. Tayo pa rin naman ang namimili ng mga desisyon sa ating buhay. Ngunit dapat ay marunong tayo makaalam kung makatarungan ba ito o hindi. Maaaring ang desisyon ay naka depende rin sa sitwasyon. Pero dapat hindi natin kalimutan ang maaring maging parusa o “consequence” nito pagkatapos na baka mas magpalala pa sa sitwasyon. Ang alegorya ng yungib ang mas nagbukas sa aking isipan na dapat marunong tayong tumingin sa liwanag at dilim. Para sa akin, dapat mayroon tayong holistic view, kung saan marunong tayong tumanggap ng mga bagong kaalaman na makatotohanan at makakatulong sa atin. Hindi lang dapat na nananatili sa ating kaalaman. Dahil hindi naman tayo perpekto, hindi natin alam lahat. Mas magandang taglayin natin ang pag-usisa at pag-alam ng mga bagay bagay. Pero hindi rin dapat kinakalimutan na bumalik sa dilim, sa ating pinanggalingan. Katulad ng nabanggit sa bidyo “liwanag sa dilim”. Magsilbi rin tayong liwanag sa dilim ng iba. Kung saan makakatulong din tayo sa mga taong naliligaw o hindi pa alam ang landas na kanilang tatahakin para makaalam ng mga bagay. Dahil dito, maaaring madala natin sila sa kanilang destinasyon at magpatuloy ang ganitong kaugalian sa tao. MERCADO, Eugene Kate ELE PPCT A13-1

Ang natutunan ko mula sa Apologia ni Sokrates ay ang tunay na sukatan ng isang tao ay hindi nasusukat sa taas ng grado o dami ng kanyang kayamanan. Sa ating lipunan ngayon, madalas sinusukat ang katalinuhan at tagumpay batay sa mga materyal na bagay-mataas na edukasyon o malaking kita. Ngunit tulad ng itinuro ni Sokrates, mahalaga ang tanong: para saan nga ba ang lahat ng ito? Para saan ang mataas na grado o ang malaking kita kung ang ating mga kilos at desisyon ay hindi nakaangkla sa katarungan?

Ang bawat isa sa lipunan ay may kanya-kanyang tungkulin, at ang hustisya ay nagmumula sa pagtupad ng bawat tao sa kanyang likas na papel. Bilang isang estudyante sa kasalukuyang panahon, ang "Politeia" ay maaaring magbigay inspirasyon sa iyo na pag-isipan ang iyong papel sa lipunan. Sa mundo ngayon, kung saan maraming isyu tulad ng maling impormasyon, korapsyon, at pagkakawatak-watak, maaaring ipaalala ng akda ni Plato ang halaga ng edukasyon, kaalaman, at etika. Ang pagiging isang responsableng mamamayan ay hindi lamang tungkol sa pagsunod sa mga batas, kundi tungkol din sa aktibong paghubog ng iyong sarili bilang isang makabuluhang miyembro ng lipunan na may pagpapahalaga sa katotohanan at katarungan. Sa iyong pag-aaral, maaari mong isaalang-alang ang halaga ng kritikal na pag-iisip at integridad sa harap ng mga isyung kinakaharap ng iyong henerasyon. Tulad ng mga philosopher-kings ni Plato, ikaw ay tinatawag na maging isang lider na nagpapahalaga sa karunungan at kabutihan. BOBIS, Leighannah Gwyn M. ELE PPCT A2-1

Natutunan ko sa akdang ito na bilang kabataan sa kasalukuyan, maaaring nating isabuhay ang mga aral ni Socrates sa pamamagitan ng pagiging mapanuri at mapanlikha sa ating mga iniisip at kilos. Sa panahon ng social media at mabilisang impormasyon, madalas tayong maging biktima ng mga maling balita o paniniwala nang hindi natin ito sinusuri nang mabuti. Ang pagsunod sa yapak ni Sokrates ay nangangahulugang hindi basta-basta tinatanggap ang anumang impormasyon, kundi hinahanap ang katotohanan at bukas sa pagtatanong. Mahalaga rin ang katapatan sa ating mga paniniwala, kahit pa ito ay nangangahulugan ng pagsalungat sa agos ng lipunan. Sa halip na matakot sa opinyon ng iba, dapat tayong manindigan para sa kung ano ang tama at makatwiran, na tulad ni Socrates, ay humihikayat sa atin na mas kilalanin ang sarili at magpakumbaba sa ating mga kakulangan. Dahil ayon rin kay Sokrates, ang hindi pagsusuri sa buhay ay hindi sulit ipamuhay. BOBIS, Leighannah Gwyn M. ELE PPCT A2-1

After reading the "Apologia" I've realized that Socrates’ life is one of the best examples of critical thinking which is evidenced by the unconventional way he fought for his beliefs and possessed an unshaken resolve to seek the truth despite the negative repercussions it may have on society. His commitment to the search and problematization of paradigms has made him one of the greatest scholars of all times. The importance of critical thinking in the contemporary world cannot be overemphasized given the availability of unreliable information. The skepticism and opposition experienced by anyone striving for change is the inevitable result; however, this is what defines humanity’s development and the process of attaining knowledge. Hinimok ni Sokrates ang mga tao na kilalanin ang kanilang sarili, isang layuning handa siyang ipaglaban hanggang kamatayan. Ang prinsipyong ito ang sentro ng kanyang paraan ng pagtuturo, na binubuo ng pagtatanong at pagsusuri para hikayatin tayong magtanong at alamin ang katotohanan, sa halip na basta tanggapin ang mga bagay. Mahalaga pa rin ito ngayon, lalo na sa panahon ng 'fake news' at maling impormasyon. Sa pamamagitan ng kritikal na pag-iisip, mas nagiging handa tayong makita ang katotohanan sa kabila ng panlilinlang. Socrates in our day to day existence enables the ability to overcome hindrances and the falsehood with the result of living in a society of truth not in convenient lies. This quest for knowledge is not always easy, but it is a journey that is fruitful for it makes us better because it makes us superior to those who remain bound by false information. In his teachings, Socrates never loses sight of how wisdom is not simply the acquisition of knowledge but also the goal of enriching the soul with the ability to better understand the world, which is good advice in an age where people easily provide simple answers to complex questions instead of using critical thinking. BENITO, Miguel Andrei P. ELE A2-1 PPCT, 1COM4

Maraming bagay ang natutunan at dumagdag sa aking kaalaman sa pagbabasa nito. Marami ding bagay ang dumagsa sa aking isip kung papaano at kung bakit na nga lamang siya hinatulan ng kamatayan dahil sa maling mga akusasyon. Halos lahat ng akusasyon sa kanya ay hindi paratang at hindi makatotohanan. “All i know is i know nothing”, isa ito sa mga pahayag ni Socrates na tumatak na nga lamang sa aking isipan. Napakahusay, sapagkat kahit na ang diyos ng Delphia ay itinuturing siya bilang isang pinaka matalino at pinaka moral, mayroong pa ring pagpapakumbaba si Socrates sa kanyang sarili.

As per the discussion, Plato's story about the Ring of Gyges illustrates the temptation of 'complete freedom' where social and moral constraints are nonexistent. Since gaining consciousness, humans have long been subjected to what constitutes 'right or wrong,' 'moral or immoral,' and 'legal and illegal.' Some people get drunk on their concept of 'freedom' and lose sight of what truly matters. That is why it is essential to determine our purpose and how we want to live. By doing this, we can identify why we must live a certain way and choose to live that way. Because, like Ferriols once said, "Ang Pilosopiya ay Ginagawa," it is akin to assimilating our beliefs in our lives. Through that, we can achieve freedom that does not defy morality. There is a saying, "Ignorance is bliss," but is it? Plato's Allegory of the Cave showed how the prisoners inside the cave refused to believe something different from what they were programmed to think all their lives. They cannot fathom something beyond their misconstrued version of reality simply because they don't have the means to. We cannot blame their ignorance and naivety since it is understandable. That is why the escapee is responsible for being the harbinger of light. It is neither easy nor pleasant, but it is necessary.

Socrates perfectly embodies an individual who "walks their talk." He is willing to put his reputation, freedom, and life on the line if it means that he will never betray his principles and purpose. People who are constantly hungry to pursue knowledge and truth are those who expose the fallacies and inconsistencies spouted by people who conveniently manipulate the story for their benefit to gain the sympathy and support of the masses. They scrutinize the underlying meaning masked by the persuasive promises that sway the unprivileged and close-minded people. Critical thinkers who aim to pave the way for truth and enlightenment are natural opponents of Doxa-mongers. In the modern era, people like Socrates aren't threatened with execution. Still, they are subjected to harsh criticism and naysayers left and right. Letting people with impure intentions and greedy ambitions run rampant is detrimental. Thus, despite the backlash, it is still crucial to help the masses open their eyes to the reality.

Ang "Apologia ni Socrates" ay talaga namang puno ng aral tungkol sa tapang at katapatan sa sarili. Kahit na nalagay siya sa panganib ng kamatayan, ipinakita niya kung gaano kahalaga ang pag-uusisa at pagtanggap sa ating sariling kamangmangan para matutunan ang tunay na karunungan. Ang kanyang pagtatanggol sa sarili laban sa mga paratang ay reminder sa atin na hindi lang tayo dapat basta sumunod sa nakasanayan, kundi maghanap ng katotohanan at manatiling tapat sa ating mga prinsipyo. Sa huli, ang mensahe ni Socrates ay ang halaga ng pagbuo ng sariling pag-iisip at pagiging totoo sa ating paniniwala para maging tunay na makabuluhan sa lipunan. Jimenez, Dwayne Sebastian D.. ELE A2-1 (1COM4)

Ang mga ideya ni Plato sa "Ring of Gyges" at "Allegory of the Cave" ay may malaking kaugnayan sa kasalukuyang panahon, lalo na sa usapin ng paghahanap ng katotohanan sa gitna ng misinformation at disinformation. Sa "Ring of Gyges," ipinapakita ni Plato kung paano maaaring abusuhin ng tao ang kapangyarihan para sa sariling interes, tulad ng mga politiko ngayon na inuuna ang pansariling kapakinabangan kaysa sa paggawa ng tama. Ito ay nagpapakita na ang kapangyarihan ay madaling magdulot ng katiwalian kung walang moral na gabay. Samantala, sa "Allegory of the Cave," inilalarawan ni Plato ang kalagayan ng mga taong nakakulong sa kanilang mga limitadong pananaw, na inihahalintulad sa pagkalat ng fake news at maling impormasyon ngayon. Ang mga shadow sa kuweba ay kumakatawan sa mga maling katotohanan na pinaniniwalaan ng marami, habang ang liwanag ay sumisimbolo sa tunay na katotohanan na mahirap matuklasan dahil sa mga balakid tulad ng bias at kasinungalingan. Ipinapakita ng mga kaisipang ito ang kahalagahan ng mapanuring kaisipan-hindi sapat na tanggapin lamang ang nakikita o naririnig; mahalaga ang pagsusuri at pag-alam ng katotohanan. Ang patuloy na paghahanap ng liwanag sa gitna ng anino ng maling impormasyon ay isang responsibilidad na dapat gampanan ng bawat isa sa atin. Sa ganitong paraan, natutulungan tayong manatiling matapat sa katotohanan at maiwasan ang pagkalinlang sa mga maling paniniwala. BENITO, Miguel Andrei P. ELE A2-1 PPCT, 1COM4

I had a lot of realizations upon reading Plato's Politeia. It made me reflect on myself, how true can I be once no one is watching me? Sometimes it is easier said than done when we are asked with this question, sometimes we don't even hesitate and will answer that we will do the right thing, but if we are put in the situation, we will surely have doubts because of the temptations creeping inside us as we think about the decision we need to make. It is so hard to resist temptation, and sometimes we chose to give in to the temptations and justify our decision. An example would be the promise to oneself about dieting and avoiding chocolates, but once we are faced with chocolates, junk foods, and softdrinks, it is so hard to resist most especially if we are in a battle with our own minds. I also learned a lot about Yungib. I learned the importance of gaining knowledge to share to other people the truth that they should know. And as an aspiring Journalists with the duty to tell the truth to the public, the Yungib encourages me more to do well in the future as a Journalists, to be the light to the people by delivering them news about the true situation that is happening in the country. BUTO, Rohanisah 1JRN-1 I ELE PPCT A3-1

Plato’s Ring of Gyges and Allegory of the Cave provides us with the knowledge and guideline as to why we should be just, its importance and effect to ourselves and those surrounding us and how we can be just. Plato emphasized that the essence of being a human is by following the innate goodness and just within our psyche, and through reflection and socratic dialogue we can remember this inner goodness and just within us. Additionally, through reflection and by knowing ourselves we can build our own understanding and perspective of the world around us, so that we won’t easily fall to whatever status quo there is, and that it is your moral responsibility to help others to be enlightened and remember their innate goodness and being just. All in all, being good and just is innate to our human psyche and part of that innateness is the responsibility to remind others of their innate goodness and just as well. TARRANCO, Zion Enrique Gabriel ELE PPCT A2-1

The Ring of Gyges is a story that really messes with our minds and morals. Personally, it made me think and contemplate everything I knew of what is good and what isn’t. Because everything that was said in the story was true. People avoid doing bad things because they are afraid of the consequences, and not because they genuinely want to bring good into the world. Since our bad actions are the ones that would bring “good” things to our lives, like wealth and popularity, then shouldn’t we do it? Especially if we had that freedom that the ring gave, the power of being invisible leading to the ability of doing whatever we want. But then the beautiful part comes in. This is probably the part in the whole reading that touched me the most. That deep down, we are good people. It is in our nature. “Dahil mabuti ang tunay na tao; nakalimutan lamang ito.” We become too familiar with the idea of what is good in life that we forget our roots. But no matter how estranged we become, we can always go back. Because no one is truly born evil, it is simply our experiences and the ideas that we learn growing up that lead us into bad. This also connects to the other story, The Allegory of the Cave, which basically states that once we see the light, once we learn about the truth about what is good, it becomes our job to share it with others, to enlighten them and widen their knowledge no matter how hard it is for them to see or even if they’re reluctant. Which is what Socrates did, and I think that is an incredibly vital role to have in this world, to be the light in other people’s darkness. Althea Fatima C. Handang ELE PPCT A13-1

Pagkatapos kong panoorin ang bidyo na ito, masasabi kong si Andres Bonifacio ay hindi lamang namulat dahil kanyang possibleng makita noon ngunit dahil naranasan niya rin ito. Dahil sa kailangan niyang buhayin ang kanyang mga nababatang kapatid, siya ay maagang nailantad sa lipunan, dinanas niya ang hirap at hindi pagiging patas ng buhay noon. Ang kanyang pilosopiya ay masasabing isang halimbawa ng penomenolohiya, ang kanyang pag iisip ay nabuo sa kanyang mga naranasan at mga nakasalamuha. Kaya naman ay hanga ako sa kanyang sinulat, ang kanyang sinulat na maaari ring sumalamin sa kasalukuyan, sapagkat ginamit niya ang kanyang impluwensya sa pamamaraan ng pagsusulat at pag iisip.

Noong aking narinig ang Apologia ni Sokrates madami ang tumatak sa aking isipan na maihahalintulad ko sa panahon natin ngayon. Ang napakadaming mamamahayag na may mapanuring kaisipan na pinapatay tuwing pinupuna nila ang mali ay isa sa aking naihalintulad dito. Tulad na lamang sa Apologia ni Sokrates, pinatay ang mga taong may mapanuring kaisipan katulad na lamang ni Sokrates. Isa din sa aking naalala ay ang mga modern-day sophist, aking naalala noong halalan sa pagkapangulo ng taong 2022 na dito ay talagang napakadami ng aking nakikita at tinuring mga sophist kung saan ay aking napansin ang kanilang pagiging sarado sa katotohanan at ang tanging layunin nila ay ipanalo ang kanilang paniniwala na puro kasinungalingan. Ang mga ito ay nagsisilbing patunay na talagang nangyayari paden ito sa lipunan na ating ginagalawan, at ipinapakita nito na napakahalaga na meron tayong mapanuring kaisipan. Sinabi din na “Hindi pwedeng manahimik kung meron dapat punain”, sana tayo ay patuloy na magkaron ng mapanuring kaisipan sa mga bagay at hindi manahimik lamang, kung hindi natin kaya na punain ang mali, sino pa ang pupuna? Ano na lang ang gagawin natin? Tutunganga? Ariel Auro Jr. ELE PPCT A2-1

Pagkatapos ko basahin at panoorin ang video marami akong natutunan hindi lang tungkol kay Socrates pati rin mga nakakatulong na mensahe tungkol sa buhay: 1. Hindi ibig sabihin na marami kang alam tungkol sa isang bagay na ikaw ang pinaka-magaling o pinakamahusay sa isang bagay na iyon at dapat mo itong ipagkalahat sa maraming tao. Malamang sa malamang, ang nalalaman mo lang ang kakaonti lamang at ang nalalaman mo ay mababalaw na kaalaman lang. Katulad ng mga “eksperto” na nilapitan ni Socrates, wag ka lang mag-assume na alam mo na ang lahat bagay kasi meron parin tao na mas nakakaalam pa sa iyo. 2. Kapag pinapili ka kung nais mo bang makisunod sa karamihan ng taong pero sunod lang ng sunod o maging mapag isa habang buhay, mas mabuti pa na mapag isa kaysa basta basta na lang susunod sa karamihan ng tao. Gaya ng ginawa ni Socrates, pinili niyang manindigan sa kanyang sariling prinsipyo at paniniwala at dahil dito nahatulan siya ng kamatayan, pero mas okay ito kaysa bulag na sumunod sa kung ano lang ang uso o status quo. Kung baga, dapat fearless ka sa mga paninindigan mo. TARRANCO, Zion Enrique Gabriel ELE PPCT A2-1

Just like Socrates, there have been so many individuals in our past, and in our present, who have served this world by upholding the truth and having the bravery to speak up about it. Even when most times their actions go unappreciated, or their lives having an unfortunate end because of it. Which is a scary and sad thought, that people truly would rather be blind and ignorant than face the harsh truth. People hate receiving criticism because they see it as a negative thing, when in reality we do it, we speak up, because we care, and because we genuinely want to make the situation better by sharing our knowledge of the truth. Our world would arguably be a much better place if people were just able to open their minds on new ideas, instead of always seeing it as a threat and as a bad thing. Althea Fatima C. Handang ELE PPCT A13-1

Plato's "Apology of Socrates" presents one of the most profound and enduring reflections on philosophy, ethics, and the role of the individual in society. In this work, Socrates, as narrated by Plato, addresses the court in Athens, defending himself against accusations of impiety and corrupting the youth. The dialogue is not merely a defense but a powerful exposition of Socratic philosophy and a critique of Athenian society's values and practices. Socrates begins his defense by addressing the court with an assertive and reflective tone. He acknowledges the accusations against him but reframes them regarding his commitment to questioning and challenging the status quo. Socrates argues that his actions are driven by a divine mission to stimulate critical thinking and moral introspection among Athenians. His assertion that he is "a gadfly" sent by the gods to provoke thought and self-examination highlights his belief in the importance of intellectual and moral rigor. Central to Socrates' approach is his use of Socratic irony, where he pretends to be ignorant or claims to know less than he does. This form of irony is a strategic method employed by Socrates to expose the ignorance of others and stimulate critical thinking. By feigning ignorance and asking seemingly naive questions, Socrates draws out the views and contradictions of his interlocutors, forcing them to articulate their beliefs more clearly and rigorously. This approach reveals inconsistencies and gaps in their reasoning, leading to greater self-awareness and philosophical insight. Socrates' defense is not merely a personal plea but a critique of Athenian society's values. By questioning the moral and intellectual integrity of his accusers and the democratic system, Socrates exposes the limitations and contradictions within the societal framework. His arguments emphasize the tension between individual conscience and societal norms, illustrating how the pursuit of truth and justice often conflicts with established conventions and political pressures. The effectiveness of Socratic irony is evident in how it challenges assumptions and reveals the limitations of others' knowledge. Socrates' pretense of ignorance contrasts sharply with the false certainty exhibited by his opponents, highlighting the difference between genuine wisdom, which involves recognizing one's ignorance, and mere assertion or pretense of knowledge. This technique exposes the superficiality of others' beliefs and fosters a culture of critical thinking and self-examination. Reflecting personally on Socrates' trial and defense, I find his unwavering commitment to his principles profoundly inspiring. In a world characterized by superficial judgments and rigid conformity, Socrates' approach reminds me of the value of intellectual honesty and the courage to question prevailing norms. His willingness to face death rather than compromise his beliefs challenges me to consider how I approach my convictions and the courage required to uphold them in the face of opposition. Socrates' use of irony and his philosophical stance resonate with my own experiences of navigating complex ethical and societal questions. The way he encourages self-examination and critical inquiry aligns with my pursuit of understanding and reflecting on various perspectives. Socrates' legacy, as captured in Plato's dialogue, continues to serve as a reminder of the importance of maintaining intellectual integrity and moral courage, both in personal endeavors and in engaging with the broader societal landscape. CLAVIO, Julianna Marielle C. ELE PPCT A2-1

Learning about Plato's Politeia for the first time was a revelatory experience. The dialogue's intricate exploration of justice and its vision of an ideal state offered a fresh perspective on political and philosophical thought. I was particularly struck by how Plato, through Socratic dialogue, methodically dissects various definitions of justice and proposes a society where each individual performs their designated role for the greater harmony of the whole. The Allegory of the Cave, with its vivid imagery and profound implications, left a lasting impression on me. It's a powerful reminder of the philosopher's journey from ignorance to enlightenment and the responsibility of those who seek truth to share their knowledge. This allegory deepens my understanding of Plato's philosophical ideas and encourages me to reflect on the nature of knowledge and perception in my life. With its division into rulers, guardians, and producers, Plato's vision of the ideal state challenges me to consider individuals' roles in society and the importance of fulfilling our roles for the collective good. While the model is romantic, it prompts essential questions about the balance between individual freedom and societal harmony. The Theory of Forms, suggesting a realm of unchanging realities beyond our material world, adds a layer of complexity to Plato's work that I find both intriguing and challenging. It pushes me to consider whether concepts like justice and beauty are attainable or remain idealized abstractions. Overall, engaging with Politeia has been a thought-provoking journey, prompting me to think critically about justice, leadership, and the nature of reality. It offers a vision of society that, while idealistic, provides valuable insights into the philosophical underpinnings of governance and morality. CLAVIO, Julianna Marielle C. ELE PPCT A2-1

Ang pahayag ni Socrates na "Ang tanging alam ko ay walang alam" na ibig sabihin na nagsisimula sa pagkilala sa sariling kakulangan ay sa kaalaman. Ipinapahayag dito na naghihikayat ito sa paghahanap at pag-uusisa ng kaalaman sa pamamagitan ng tanong at pag susuri. Dito ko natutunan na mas matututo tayo at nahahasa ang ating mapanuring kaisipan sa pag aaral ng Pilosopiya sa pagsusuri at pananaliksik sa tekstong ito.

TAYAO, Ma. Lariza Chriszel T. Philosophical Problems and Critical Thinking ELE-A2-1 "Why be honest, when it pays to become dishonest? Why fight for others when they won’t fight with you? - or even for themselves? … The answer lies in what life means to you. If life means having a good time, money, fame, power, security - then you don’t need principles; all you need are techniques. On the other hand, if happiness counts more than a good time, respect more than fame, right more than power and peace of soul more than security; if death doesn’t end life but transforms it, then you must be true to yourself and to God…” This was Jose “Pepe” Diokno’s letter to his son, Chel Diokno, and this was the one that made me understand this lesson - the answer lies in what life means to you. Pepe Diokno’s words resonated with me because his reflection highlights how we each must decide what guides the actions that we will take. It teaches us that we all face temptations to take shortcuts or to act out of self-interest, and it is understandable as “people may have different interpretations of what is good.” But, the choice to be honest, to fight for others, or to stand up for what is right, even when it seems like no one else will - still rests on what we truly value and what we live for. What I can think about as an example of this was the election last presidential election, where I supported Leni Robredo because I believed she represented the “right” and “good” for our country. It was disheartening to see some people I admired, celebrities included, endorse BBM, despite his controversial background. It seemed to me that, for some, wealth or influence mattered more than standing for what was right and good. For me, life isn’t just about securing material success, although it is important as I really believe that money and power make up our world, but I still believe that life is also about finding fulfillment through integrity, respect, and a sense of purpose. Writing this thought and avoiding becoming a hypocrite, I believe that “balance” is important when yearning for material success and integrity. Both are important as to why both should be the reason what we live for in order to survive in this world while still standing for truth.

Sa istorya ng Singsing ni Gyges aking natutuhan at napagtanto na bilang isang tao mahalaga sa atin na magkaroon ng moralidad at hanapin ang ating kakanyahan sa pamumuhay sa mundo sapakat tayo ay may hilig na gumawa ng mabuti ngunit nagkakaroon ng pagkakamali sa pag estimate kung ano nga ba talaga ang mabuti. Ngunit kung ang tao ay may moralidad, may prinsipyo, at alam kung ano at para saan ang buhay, ay madaling maisasagawa ang mga bagay sa mundo na alam nilang makatotohan at para sa kabutihan at hindi lamang sa pansariling reputasyon. Atin na lamang itong ihalintulad sa mga politiko o sa mga namumuno sa pamahalaan, sabihin natin na mayroon silang singsing na sumisimbolo sa kanilang pribilehiyo na gumawa ng kanilang mga nanaisin. Ating tignan kung ang kanilang kilos, ito ba ay masama at pansarili sapgkat sila ay may kakayahan at kalayaan o kumikilos sila para sa ikabubuti ngunit para sa kanilang pangalan o para talaga sa kabutihan? Mahirap, mahirap malaman kung para saan nga ba sila kumikilos at gumagawa ngunit kung ating malalaman sapagkat nabanggit sa teksto na ang tao ay nagkakamali sa estimasyon kung ano ang mabuti. Ang Alegorya ng Yungib naman ay pinaaalalahanan tayo na maging unbearable light, maging ilaw na siyang nagsisilbing katotohanan sa kabila ng dilim at mga aninong nagsisilbing kasinungalian. Kaakibat naman pagiging unbearable light ay ang pagpapahayag ng totoo sa mga taong patuloy na natatakpan ng madilim na kasinungalingan ng realidad kung kaya’t nararapat sa mga nakaaalam ang pagbabahagi ng natuklasang katotohanan.

Plato's Allegory of the Cave is a powerful metaphor for how people can be trapped in ignorance and how education helps us see the truth. It's a reminder that learning and growth are about opening our minds. Though Plato describes an ideal society, he knows it's tough to achieve in real life. His work still sparks debates on whether such a perfect society is possible or if it's more about striving to improve what we have. Plato was critical of democracy because he worried it could lead to poor leadership if people chose leaders based on popularity rather than wisdom. This critique remains relevant as we reflect on the strengths and challenges of democratic systems today. SOYANGCO, Jose Gabriel R. ELE PPCT A2-1

SUAISO, MIKAELA FAITH T. 1COM4 PLATON: ANG SINGSING AT YUNGIB. Ilan sa mga pangyayaring tumatak sa akin mula sa teksto ay: a. Minsan ang pagiging matanda ay ang pakiramdam ng pagiging malaya sapagkat hindi na nararamdaman ng isang tao ang mga kagustuhan niya nuong kabataan. Para sa marami, ang katandaan ay nakakatakot, kaya nga marami ang gumagamit ng anti-aging cream o kung ano man upang maibalik ang kanilang kabataan. Ngunit ang katotohanan ay ang katandaan ang totong nagpapalaya sa atin, at upang marating ito ay kailangan natin hanapin ang layunin natin sa buhay, maliban sa kayamanan. b. Ang kwestyon na kung mayroon akong sing-sing na gagawin akong "invisible", gagamitin ko ba ito sa makatarungan o di makatarungan na pamamaraan? Maihahalintulad ko ito sa pelikulang "The Purge", kung saan may laya silang gawin ang kung ano man sa loob ng 24 oras. Gaya ng sabi sa teksto, "Walang mabuti sa sariling laya". c. Ang Yungib kung saan anino lamang ang kanyang nakikita at ang pag labas niya sa totoong mundo. Ang mensahe ng tekstong ito ay lumabas tayo sa ating naka-sanayan upang makita pa natin ang lawak ng buhay. Marami pa tayong hindi nakikita at sa pamamagitan ng pagbukas ng isipan ay mas matututo tayo.

SUAISO, MIKAELA FAITH T. 1COM4 ANG APOLOGIA NI SOKRATES AYON SA ULAT NI PLATON Ilan sa mga pangyayaring tumatak sa akin mula sa teksto ay: a. Ang pagpunta ni Sokrates sa tatlong "marurunong": ang mga politiko, makata, at techne, upang malaman kung ano ang ibig sabihin ng Diyos na sinasabing siya ang marunong. Sinasabi niya na ang mga taong ito ay maraming kaalaman, at dahil dito ay sa tingin nila ay marunong na sila. Ngunit ayon kay Sokrates ay mas marunong pa siya, at lahat sila ay hindi marurunong sapagkat ang diyos lamang ang totoong marunong. Maihahalintulad ko ito sa panahon ngayon, kung saang marami nang edukadong tao at lumalaki ang kanilang ulo dahil dito. Ngunit kahit gaano pa ka-talino ang isang tao, kahit meron pa silang Masters o PhD, tanging Panginoon lamang ang marunong. b. Ang pagtatanggol ni Sokrates sa kanyang sarili sa mga sabi-sabi na siya daw ay: tinuturuan ang kabataan ng masamang ugali, hindi kinikilala ang diyos na ginagalang ng bayan, at meron pang kinikilalang makadaimon. Ayon kay Sokrates, bakit siya gagawa ng masama kung masama din ang babalik sa kanya? Hindi ni kinikilala ang mga diyos, ngunit may kinikilala siyang daimon? Hindi nag-tutugma ang mga hatol. At sinabi niya na kung sakaling nagawa niya nga ito, sana ay tinuruan na lamang siya at hindi hinatulan. Kagaya sa ating panahon ngayon na kapag nagkamali ang isang tao, gagawin itong "big deal" at hindi palalampasin. Dapat sila ay turuan na lamang, at kapag hindi parin natuto, tsaka ito bigyan ng aksyon. Ang sabi nga ni Sokrates, "Inihahabla rito ang mga kailangang prusahan, hindi ang mga hindi pa natuturuan." c. Panghuli ay ang parusa na ibibigay kay Sokrates at ang pag tanggi niya rito. Bilib ako kay Sokrates dahil mas pipilin niya pang mamatay kaysa sa tumigil sa pamimilosopiya. Dahil ang pag tigil sa pilosopiya ay pag tigil sa katotohanan. Sa panahon ngayon, bihira na lamang ang pipiliin ang katotohanan, sapagkat mas lamang ang bigat ng pera at kalayaan. Ngunit sa huli, ang katotohanan lamang ang makakapag-bigay ng katarungan, at ito lamang ang makakapag-bigay ng tunay na kalayaan.

Based on the "Politeia ni Plato" I have come to thought about the statement that people don't really do good things for the sake that they want to do good but rather doing good things for the sake of avoiding consequences. Undeniably, we all had that experience at some point. At times, we don't realize or focus on our purpose of doing good. We got used to the mindset of doing good equals receiving a reward or being labeled as a good person. But I have realized that we must also identify our purpose for doing good things. We must do good things not because of just doing good, but it must also come from ourselves. ROXAS, Ayla Zareen A. 1COM4, ELE PPCT A2-1

“The only good is knowledge and the only evil is ignorance” After reading Socrates’ apology and listening to the video, I have come to realize that archaic human nature is possible inherited and passed down. After all, ignorance is a contagious disease. In the light of recent issues that circulate in the Philippines, there is one culprit that is in the middle of it all and that is the media. According to a study of The Philippine Communication Society, 70% of Filipinos heavily rely on social media as their primary source of information which consequently gave birth to numerous political operatives that disseminate false narratives that distort the people’s perception and history. This phenomenon can be parallel to the fallacious accusations that are brought upon to Socrates which impaired the perception of him to the masses and lead to his death. Another fruit of this case is the persecution of competency. Often times today, people vote for who they believe to be entertaining rather than those who are actually efficient and capable, prioritizing sensationalism rather than the facts.