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The forces applied on welds are determined based on a frame or beam analysis permititng to assess the shear force and the normal force at the considered weld. You can see this link: ruclips.net/video/RabpcKiCnBo/видео.html. Thanks for your interest.

You're welcome

Oui vous avez parfaitement raison. Merci.

Thanks a lot.

Ok sir, as soon as possible. Thank you very much indeed for your interest.

You are sir, i am not sir :D I am just a humble junior tank engineer from Egypt and I send you and all Tunisia my warm regards < 3 @@HITS2009

Thank you for your interest. The corrosion allowance is determined based on some factors, principally the construction material and the stored fluid properties, but also the operating conditions, the expected service life of the storage tank, the safety factors and the applicable standards, etc. Typical corrosion allowances can range from 1.5 mm to 6 mm for carbon steel storage tanks and sometimes as low as 1 mm or less for more resistant material to corrosion such as stainless steel. It is to not that corrosion allowance shoud be optimized under some economic consideratons and it should be, also, agreed by the customer. Please feel free to ask.

تفتح صمامات الأسطوانة ربع دورة وهذا كافي.

Thank you for your interest. First of all, it is to note clearly that the shell courses extend from the bottom of the tank to the top, where they meet the roof or cover of the tank. Thus, the height distance between the top of the "last" shell course and the beginnig of the roof is theoretically zero. But, please note that in the "last" shell course, the level of the stored fluid may not cover the whole height of the "last" shell course. The level of the stored fluid can be, for example, just one half or one third the height of the "last" shell course. It depends on the design liquid level of the stored fluid (imposed by an overfill slot governing the maximum capacity of the storage tank) with regard to the height of the storage tank between the bottom and the top of shell height where the roof begin. For further assimilating my answer, please see Figure 5-4-Storage Tank Volumes and Levels in API650.

Thanks Mr. Rashed , I appreciate your helping.

@@user-gz8zh2ew1j I am at your service. Do not hesitate to ask.

Bonjour. Merci pour votre interêt. Généralement sur une plieuse manuelle (plieuse universelle appelée aussi plieuse à sommier), la force de pliage est calculée en se basant sur la formule: F=L×E×R. Avec: F est la force de pliage en newtons (N); L est la longueur de la pièce à plier en mètres (m); E est l'épaisseur du matériau à plier en mètres (m); R est le facteur de résistance du matériau (voir les Tables de résistance des matériaux). Il est à noter ici que la formule ci-dessus est une simplification. En réalité, d'autres facteurs interviennent tels que le type d'outillage utilisé, forme de la pièce, ...etc. Pour aboutir à des résultats plus précis, il est judicieux de consulter les manuels fournits par le fabricant de la presse universelle considérée.

Than you very much indeed for your interest.

Thanks a lot for your interest. No, it is not an error. In fact, the negative sign arises due to the sign convention used in structural mechanics. It's a convention to consider positive curvature as being concave upward. In other words, if a plate is concave upward, the curvature is positive, and if it is concave downward, the curvature is negative. The negative sign in the equation ensures that the sign of curvature aligns with the direction of the bending moment in the plate. It makes the relationship consistent with the conventions used in structural engineering analysis and design. When you see the equation rx=-w''(x), it means that positive curvature corresponds to a concave upward deflection of the plate.

Thank you for your interest. You talk about a shell not a plate problem. The biharmonic equation is applicable to thin plates, the analysis of shell deflection typically involves more complex equations that account for the specific geometry and deformation characteristics of shells. The specific equations will depend on the assumptions and theories used for shell analysis, such as the Love-Kirchhoff theory for thin shells or other theories for thick shells. The basic equations for thin shells are derived from the equilibrium and compatibility conditions and are usually expressed as a system of coupled partial differential equations. The Love-Kirchhoff theory considers the first-order approximation of the shell's geometry and leads to equations involving the curvatures and membrane strains of the middle surface. The equations describe the balance of external and internal forces and moments, as well as the compatibility between deformations. I will work on an example about the shell elasticity in the next month.

@@HITS2009 Yes Shells indeed are interesting. That example would be great.

The size of the leg of the weld bead is determined out of the ASME code by the formula: L=T/cos(45°) with L=Leg of the weld of bead. T=Throat of the weld bead. You can see this link: www.mtm-inc.com/welding-basics-the-fillet-weld.html. The throat of the weld bead is determined based on the correct sizing of weld bead. You can see these educational videos at these links: ruclips.net/video/0-Yg7SAvW6w/видео.html and ruclips.net/video/NOiR7OcNEks/видео.html. Thank you for your interest.

Thanks a lot. Very nice. If you have any questions do not hesitate to mention it in the comments.

Merci bien pour votre encouragement.

Thank you very much for your interest. I'll post an educational video about your request as soon as possible.

@Ins.Yuk.Muh.MertUstun , Thank you for interest and Sorry for the late. First I will give a direct answer to your question and then I will explain some details to further clarify. Without entering in such details that you mention in your comment, you can directly and "simply" determine the moments using their expression in terms of the flexural rigidity of the plate denoted by D and the deflection denoted by w (which is a function of x and y coordinates where the moment should be calculated). Just pay attention to the double derivative of the deflection function and replace x and y by the numerical coordinates. Multiply by the flexural rigidity and you will finally obtain the numerical value of the moment. Now I'll explain you the "issue" of "dzx1". The expression of "dzx1" is just used to explain how the expression of the moment in terms of flexural rigidity and deflection is obtained. In fact the use of "dzx1" was to consider an infinitesimal surface dS=dzx1 on which the stress σ is applied. The infinitesimality of the considered surface is taken along the thickness direction: z-direction (which explain the dz term) while along the other direction the length of the considered surface is taken as the unity 1 (the unity concept escape the dimensionality). The infinitesimality of the dimenion is taken along the z-direction (dz) in order to properly express the considered moment as the integral along the thickness (between -h/2 to h/2) of the applied force multiplied by the distance from the considered infinitesimal surface to the mid-surface of the plate. The applied force on the considered surface is taken as: F=σ x dS=σ x (dz x 1). The distance from the considered infinitesimal surface to the mid-surface of the plate is taken as z. This is mathemtically written in the integral expression. Please feel free to ask. Once again, thanks a lot for your interest.

@@HITS2009 Thank you for your interest and explanations.. It's not important that you answer my questions quickly for me. I could understand all your explations. I could understand that an integral calculation is made to go from a small part to a whole part. But I want to ask you something that if the "1" term has no dimension, how can it be any length? Physically, if anything is a length, doesn't it have to have a dimension? Regards,

@@Ins.Yuk.Muh.MertUstun When I say "the unity concept escape the dimensionality" I mean that the length of the considered infinitesimal element is equal to ANY one unit of measurement you choose whatever one meter, one foot, one centimeter, or any other unit of measurement you choose. The term "unity" in this case is used to emphasize that you are using a single unit of measurement without specifying the actual unit itself. it's a way of expressing that the length of the considered infinitesimal surface element has a length of exactly one unit of a particular measurement system. "Unity" simply refers to a quantity of 1, and it is often associated with some specific unit of measurement, depending on the context. If you need further explanations, please feel free to ask. Please accept my deep respect.

@@HITS2009 Thank you for all your explanations. It is not important to answer my questions late. Sometimes everybody is so busy. I am late to thank you.I feel so sorry. I understood that any infinitesimal surface has no any unit of its dimensions from your explanations. We may think the infinitesimal surface for the math calculations in the engineering problems. Thank your interest ve explanations. Have a nice day.

Ok, I'll make some tutorials about "Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction" as soon as possible. Thank your for your interest.

@RNE2009 please make a detailed video series regarding API 653 covering all the clauses of standard. Your way of teaching is superb.

@@chandershekhar2192 Ok, it will be available as soon as possible. Thank you very much for your positive attitude.

Thank you very much for your interest sir. As soon as possible, I will elaborate an educational video as a tutorial using a simple building subjected to wind action. Deep respect sir.

Thank you for your interest. the direct answer to your question is: The one-foot method is elaborated ("designed") to calculate the required thicknesses at specified design points located at 0.3 m (1 ft) height above the bottom of each shell course. You can check this information in API 650-5.6.3.1. Also, you can see a detailed explanation about the reason behind why 0.3 m in the reference : doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.07.050 which explains that: "...The required shell plate thickness for each shell course is calculated using the circumferential stress at a point 0.3 m (1-ft) above the lower horizontal weld seam of the shell course due to hydrostatic pressure of the stored liquid. The reasoning behind this assumption is that the tank bottom plates provide restraint to reduce circumferential stress due to hydrostatic pressure at the bottom 0.3 m (1-ft) of the lowest shell course...". This is "in contrast" with the Variable-design-point method which permits to calculate shell thicknesses at design points that result in the calculated stresses being relatively close to the actual circumferential shell stresses. This will provide a reduction in shell-course thicknesses and total material weight( see API 650 5.6.4.1 and 5.6.4). If you have any other questions, please do not hesitate to ask.

Thank you for your interest. Please note that referring to Eurocode 1-Part 1.3--Figure C.6, The Z values (Zone number values) for Mediterranean region are exactly similar to the showed values in the educational video. If you mean by "z values" the ones in the column at the right to the Zone N° column, please note that these values are rather the associated values of the characteristic snow load on the ground Sk (in kN/m^2) at the sea level A=0. Also, the characteristic snow load on the ground Sk is exactly the one associated to the Mediterranean region referring to Eurocode1-Part 1.3-Table C.1. Hence, the content of the educational video is correct. If you have any other remarks, please do not hesitate to mention it.

D'abord je vous remercie pour l'effort. Vous apporter une véritable valeur ajouter. Dans le domaine de construction métallique en emploi souvent l'oxycoupeur. Les connaissance pratiques et théoriques des ouvriers sont très limitées. Est ce que vous pouvez mettre en ligne, une vidéo qui montre comment decouper la charpente. Comment débiter la charpente métallique pour fabriquer des jarrets et des faîtage. Je vous remercie .

@@djamelsaid2493 Merci infiniment pour votre intrêt. Juste je suis très occupé par les activités de la fin d'année universitaire. Dès que je trouve le temps, je vais faire cette video Nchallah. Encore une fois merci.

Prière d'examiner la norme: Deutsches Institut für Normung, DIN 6935 : 2011. Faites attention à la manière avec laquelle on calcule k dans cette norme. Merci pour votre interêt.

رحم الله والديك. شكرا على التشجيع.

@cherifoxoahmed بارك الله فيك و اعطاك الخير الكثير. الفضل لله و لاجتهادك. ما انا الا عبد من عباد الله يبتغي نفع الناس بما انعم الله عليه. شكرا على التشجيع.