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I've always heard synapomorphy pronounced with a short a. Are both pronunciations correct?

😞 Very wrong unfortunately: afro- & anthropo-centric prejudices!! Australopiths were fossil relatives of Gorilla (Lucy) or of Pan, not of Homo. Fossil hunters see everywhere "human ancestors", never bonobo or gorilla ancestors! Recent insights in paleo-anthropology: Lucy was an early relative of Gorilla! Most or all "habilis" were probably fossil Pan, esp.bonobo? Google • aquarboreal (how Mio-Pliocene “apes” evolved: already upright!) • GondwanaTalks Verhaegen (English review of 2022 book in Dutch) • Attenborough Verhaegen human waterside ape evolution • Mario Vaneechoutte cs 2024 Nat.Anthrop.2,10007 “Have we been barking up the wrong ancestral tree?" Australopiths were fossil relatives of Pan (chimp+bonobo) or of Gorilla, not of Homo: open access www.sciepublish.com/article/pii/94 Human ancestors were no hunters!! We were predom. omni-frugi-mollusci…vores. The savanna fantasies, esp. the endurance-running nonsense, are the most unscientific just-so stories thinkable: on only 2 flat feet, with no fur, sweating water+salt, running under the hot sun after antelopes… :-DDD The evidence is overwhelming: early-Pleistocene H.erectus (e.g. Java) frequently dived for shellfish (molluscivory): • pachy-osteo-sclerosis: heavy++bones (brittle? “too”much calcium): only slow+shallow-diving spp: Sirenia, earliest Cetacea & Pinnipedia • flat feet = wading, swimming… cf. duck, otter... • frequent auditory exostoses (ear-canal), caused by chronic cold-water immersion • enamel wear ← "sand and oral processing of marine mollusks" Towle cs 2022 doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24500 • island colonisations = oversea, e.g. Flores, later Luzon... • brain size x2 cf. seafood: DHA & other brain-specific nutrients: dolphin, sea-otter… • fossilised (Mojokerto, Trinil…) amid barnacles, corals, edible mussels Pseudodon, Elongaria… • made shell engravings, google e.g. “Joordens Munro” pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25470048/ • used stone tools + manual dexterity cf. sea-otter • spread early-Pleistocene along coasts+rivers over the Old World etc. Google e.g. “gondwanatalks verhaegen”.

Is it true that early Neanderthals looked more like classic Neanderthal described as robustly built, short chinned, and large projection of the midface, while later Neanderthals resemble early moderns? Would that be caused by hybridization or parallel evolution or what? I hope we find more fossils.

Can we please keep politics out of science.

Left-brain dominant pandering.

I am a flintknapper, I believe the teardrop shape is the very most versatile shape in lithics, my favorite

That was funny about Dr Johansson 😂

NYC mam ,you also so cute and your nose also

I could not understand your vocal-fry voice.

I hv an exam today and thanks for saving me 😊😊

for more balance information about this topic,check out the lectures of dr. Georgia Purdom about genetics.

Hi can I meet you

scavenging and hunting are interlaping to a large extend , as for getting to a carcass , there is a lot of badass competition for the food ressource morality , be mean or be fast

Love from India mam

Hello Professor Laura.... my name is Ray ....you are cheerful and charming and informative.... you speak well... I do not ....would you like to help me explain what I have learned.... about the acheulean stone tools ...the where ...the why.. the proof... I need your help

This is legitimately the *BEST* explanation of grades vs. clades that I've seen anywhere on RUclips, and I'm so glad that you took the time to put it together! I'll definitely be sharing this with my livestream viewers whenever the topic comes up 👍🏽

Thank you for this wonderful breakdown of clades and grades! But i have one question left over, what are glades? Kappa But really thank you! This is something we have looking for!!

thank you my queen

Excellent presentation.

Since homoplasy exist ,so why is it still preached all organism have common ancestor isnt it objectively wrong ?

this was something i was searching for......................😊😊😊

Your lectures are really awesome, thanks for doing them.

Can you provide a list of books that goes into more detail?

"in an evolutionary sense" lol

Thanks for this. I always wonder why ppl think that we evolved to care about our survival but why should evolution care about survival.

Your teaching skill is amazing and your smile is to. ❤

Awesome video, thank you professor!! You explain things in ways that really make sense.

There isn't really enough evidence to be certain about this, but I'm fascinated by the possibility that the Mt. Toba eruption, and the ensuing population bottleneck, may have accelerated our development. It seems like a lot of what we consider modern behavior began to take shape after that event.

Interesting analysis

So simple and scholarly,🌄

shows all the different types of tigers in how they all look like tigers but with obvious variations. Proceeds to show photos of homo sapiens who also show the same variations but also look obviously homo sapiens. Her conclusion "spoiler": tigers have subspecies but homo sapiens do not. Reasoning? Evidence? none. gaslighting attempt FAILED

Are we special? Let's say, first no, then yes

You are heaven-sent

wow thanks you made it more clear :)

Thanku so much mam

2:00, In the graph it showed the the (male father) was heterozygous. Why did the children have to Dominant alleles? The next generation should have been either homozygous recessive or heterozygous right? I'm not sure.

Hi there, professor Laura :) I really enjoyed your video! Which book would you recommend for a PhD student who is interested in learning primatology as a hobby but barely has any knowledge about biology and such?

In English books from previous centuries, the word "race" was used for any genetically related group from an extended family on up to the entire species.

You are so beautiful.

What a wonderful teacher. ⭐️ Thank you.

thank you 🙏

yeeeah you're literally saving my life with this high-quality format, thank you

Miss Laura ❤️🥺thanks.

This was really cool!!

Prof Laura I'm not sure why you don't have more views on your videos, they're concise, easy to understand, and explain the core reasoning for everything. I have a biology exam tonigh over evolution and speciation etc, and I am glad I found this channel!

What do you think caused humans to develop exponentially at a certain point ? It seems like for a while it was linear, then around a certain time development become exponential ?

There is no such thing as a polyphyletic group. At least, not until we discover life on other planets.

Nothing racist about acknowledging different modern human subspecies. Who's Homo sapiens sapiens?

This is the best explanation of the topic I could find on RUclips 😄👍

Hangin that banner on a topic like this, racist hillbillies will be misled to make some very gross assumptions.