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All-Out Physiology
Великобритания
Добавлен 4 янв 2021
A place for the exercise physiology primers, research topics, mythbusters, and Oxford commas from Dr Mark Burnley; exercise physiologist, teacher and researcher.
Animal physiology: speed and endurance
In this video we explore some extreme adaptations in speed and endurance in animals, such as the cheetah, the pronghorn antelope and migratory birds.
Some of the papers I used are given below:
Hasley and Stroud (2012) journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00031.2011
Poole (2004) www.cambridge.org/core/journals/equine-and-comparative-exercise-physiology/article/abs/current-concepts-of-oxygen-transport-during-exercise/F9DFED7B4B41F1E6C530EB69200E025B
Lindstedt et al. (1991) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1944533/
Gill et al. (2009) royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2008.1142
Young (2003) physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/eph8802615
Some of the papers I used are given below:
Hasley and Stroud (2012) journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00031.2011
Poole (2004) www.cambridge.org/core/journals/equine-and-comparative-exercise-physiology/article/abs/current-concepts-of-oxygen-transport-during-exercise/F9DFED7B4B41F1E6C530EB69200E025B
Lindstedt et al. (1991) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1944533/
Gill et al. (2009) royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2008.1142
Young (2003) physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/eph8802615
Просмотров: 1 884
Видео
Maximal oxygen uptake
Просмотров 5 тыс.3 года назад
In this video, we take a look at the "gold-standard" measurement of the cardiorespiratory system, the maximal oxygen uptake, or VO2max. We investigate its definition, measurement, and physiological determinants. Some of the papers used to develop this presentation are given below: Poole and Jones (2017): pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28153947/ Rossiter et al. (2006): pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16282428/...
Fatigue Resistance
Просмотров 5 тыс.3 года назад
In this video we take a look an old concept with a new spin: fatigue resistance. We do this in the context of Anna Kiesenhofer's epic Olympic road race victory and then explore some of the science underpinning it. As always, here are some of the papers I referred to in this video: Burnley and Jones (2007): www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17461390701456148 Burnley and Jones (2018): www.tand...
Things you didn't know you didn't know: physiological complexity
Просмотров 2 тыс.3 года назад
In this video, I introduce you to the concept of complexity and how it is used to analyse and interpret physiological time series, such as heart rate and muscle force or torque output. References to some of the studies used below can be found here: Mandebrot set: Created by Wolfgang Beyer with the program Ultra Fractal 3. - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=321973 ...
Go as hard as you can until I tell you to stop: the physiology of all-out exercise
Просмотров 2 тыс.3 года назад
In this video, we describe the physiology that underpins all-out exercise testing, focusing on cycling and isometric contractions. Some of the papers used in producing this work are listed below: Burnley (2009): journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.91474.2008 Burnley et al. (2010): physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1113/expphysiol.2010.052688 Vanhatalo et al. (2011): j...
For a very long time without fatigue: the physiology of critical power
Просмотров 6 тыс.3 года назад
In this video, we ask whether "for a very long time without fatigue" is a realistic description of exercise at the critical power. We take a tour of the basic maths of the concept, as well as a deep dive into recent, and not so recent, muscle physiology. Some of the papers referred to can be found in the following links: Jones et al. (2008): journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpregu.0073...
What is critical power?
Просмотров 6 тыс.3 года назад
A brief historical sketch of the critical power concept, with a few things you might not know about its development. I also cover the basics of fitting data and some of the pitfalls in doing so. Some of the resources used include: Wilkie (1985): journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/115/1/1/4406/Muscle-Function-A-Personal-View Garcia-Manso (2006): doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.01.028 Rohmert (1960)...
An exercise physiologist's view of Long Covid
Просмотров 1,7 тыс.3 года назад
Long Covid is a new post-viral fatigue syndrome that affects at least 10% of those who contract COVID-19. This video is a collection of thoughts and hypotheses about this condition, with CPET testing at its heart. Some of the resources used in producing this video are linked below: Greenhalgh et al. (2020): www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3026 Inbar et al. (2001): pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11528333/...
Why does lactate threshold correlate with performance?
Просмотров 6 тыс.3 года назад
In this video I explain why lactate threshold measures correlate with endurance performance, and pay particular attention to marathon running performance. Some of the papers I refer to can be found below: Coyle (1995) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7556353/ Coyle et al. (1988) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3403447/ Costill (1970) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5414753/ Posterino et al. (2001) link.springer.com/art...
What is the lactate threshold?
Просмотров 5 тыс.3 года назад
In this video, I take a look at the history, measurement and some applications of the lactate threshold. As always, here are some key papers that helped me make this video: Poole et al. (2021): physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.co... Owles (1930): physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/jphysiol.1930.sp002646 Jamnick et al. (2020): link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-020-01322-8 Costill (1...
Fundamentals of Exercise Testing
Просмотров 3,5 тыс.3 года назад
A few thoughts about exercise testing and its physiological basis. I cover the basic types of test from the point of view of Wasserman's gears model, as well as highlighting potential pitfalls of each test. Wasserman et al. (1967) journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/jappl.1967.22.1.71 Amann et al. (2008) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18379223/ Heuberger et al. (2017) www.thelancet.com/journals/la...
How to warm up like a Pro - Oxygen uptake kinetics part 3: Priming exercise
Просмотров 4,2 тыс.3 года назад
In this video, we will explore the effects of priming exercise on the oxygen uptake response, and how a research project that had nothing to do with warm-up exercise produced an alternative way of warming up that athletes now use. Here are some of the papers relevant to this presentation: Gerbino et al. (1996) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8847338/ MacDonald et al. (1997) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9338...
Oxygen uptake kinetics part 2: the slow component
Просмотров 5 тыс.3 года назад
In part 2 of this series, we look into the oxygen uptake responses to high intensity exercise. The distorting influence of the slow component, and how to find it, is what we cover. Some links to key papers below: Patterson and Whipp (1991): physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018852 Barstow and Molé (1991): pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1778898/ Poole et al. (1991): pubmed....
Oxygen uptake kinetics part 1: the oxygen deficit and moderate exercise
Просмотров 7 тыс.3 года назад
A brief tutorial on the dynamics of oxygen uptake during exercise. Today, we focus on the moderate-intensity domain, where a simple curve-fitting process can tell us much about how the muscle behaves. Links to some papers below: Rossiter et al. (1999) physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0921p.x Grassi et al. (1996) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8964765/ Poole and Jones (2...
The 3 minute all-out test
Просмотров 5 тыс.3 года назад
A presentation describing how the 3 minute all-out test came to be. I cover the physiology of the power-duration relationship and all-out exercise, as well as how the test developed intellectually and practically. It's not fun but it is useful. Here are some of the papers I refer to: Burnley et al. (2006) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17095935/ Vanhatalo et al. (2007) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17473782...
Years later I found this video and it is still amazing. Thank you very much for the explanation! I happened to watch another video about "priming" before a race (2-30 minutes in duration). So what priming effectively does is reducing the Time Delay at the start of the race and gets us far quicker into the steady state. Is that correct?
Thanks Mark for all the content. Well explained and presented with joy! Many thanks again ❤
I used priming on my last 5k race, felt relaxed the whole way and was still faster. Thanks for sharing Mark 💪😎
Hello Mr, thank you very much for the very pedagogical presentation. I don't know if I've missed the information, but would you have the reference for the data from the hyperbolic function you present between 2:17 and 3:54?
Cool, but what can I do to be more fatigue resistant?
Thank you for this informative video... Can you make a video on how to do the analysis on software? the fit curves, calculation of tau, etc... it would be great if a real-life example is being analyzed...
It's basically an 1min all-out sprint directly followed by a 2min all-out sprint. I think I would rather cut my legs off. 😛
What does the HR graph look like? I can't imagine reaching max HR in 60 to 90 seconds from a cold start, yet VO2 max is reached that fast?
Fascinating that scientists haven't established the cause, as of the date of this video, maybe even today in 2024.
That's fantastic. Thank you!
thakns a lot for your videos. I'm a sport scientist student who loves these in detail videos. keep it up!
Hello, can we get better accuracy by using 10-minute increments for the tests, or should we use increments between 4 and 6 minutes?
For those of us that dont whant to have lab work done. How do we know what HR to train at. My HR is all over the place because I'm training on trails with hills for 10 miles (1400 ft gain and loss 5 miles out and 5 miles back) and I sometimes do the 10 miles twice. My average HR if I take it easy with no running is 124 bpm and that's about 3hrs. If I add running on the flats I do it in 2:38 with an ave HR of 148. Is that 148 good for a 2:30 time or should I push even harder for a 150 HR average or less or what? My max HR that I can get to is about 183 but I dont do that very often. I'm also 68 years old but I feel like I should be able to do much more. I'm also Keto and near carnivore because every time I try eating carbs for any length of time my A1C climbs up to over 5.6. As I am I can hike slow for 12-15 hrs a day and hike 22-28 miles
thanks for the very clear explanation! can I ask to you where I can find formulas to calculate CP from different efforts? like from sprint, 3' and 6' all out? please? thanks!
16 minutes = 480 watts on the incremental bike test- nice!
Hi. Thanks for the great lecture. Just as a feedback - please tune up the volume of the voice, otherwise the advertisement is incredible loud. One question to the content: last slide --> which parameter would you use to set the load for a constant load test, if %VO2max an %Peak Power is "not allowed"? thank you!
This is a very interesting topic. I am interested in how this may fit into a hard training week. Say if you train hard, and go anaerobic on Tuesday and Thursday, then have Friday easy or off, and race (or parkrun) on a Saturday, will your glycogen still be depleted from the efforts in the week? If you are starting with slightly depleted glycogen, or fatigue from a normal week's training, will that impact the advice on the best warmup for a 5 or 10k race or parkrun on Saturday?
Amazing work!
What an awesome presentation! Much appreciated!! Thank you
LC is not a "post-viral fatigue syndrome." It is a post-viral syndrome affecting every single organ and system in the entire body, and unnatural energy is a symptom as often as debilitating fatigue. An exercise physiologist is the WORST person to be talking about LC, given the history of the gaslighting and abuse of MECFS patients. The bulk of LC is actually Mast Cell Activation Syndrome, the dysregulation of the inflammatory response. MCAS can make exercise incredibly dangerous for some people, though not for everyone, since each person's innate immune system is completely individualized. Want to help people with LC? Then literally never connect it to exercise. The history of exercise as a "treatment" for MECFS shows that capitalism ruins EVERYTHING, including healthcare. GET has been pushed on MECFS patients as part of a far-reaching effort to prevent the general public from understanding MECFS, to spare insurance companies the indignity of actually having to connect patients with healthcare, and to obscure how little medicine truly knows about the innate immune system and thus the human body and ESPECIALLY mental health and consciousness. No patient will believe your nonsense. You can't gaslight people in a way that denies them access to LITERALLY ALL OF LIFE without making them despise you. If you begin your intro by saying how oblivious you are about all of this nonsense, you're...not really going to establish any credibility, since post-viral illness in general has been around a very, very long time, and anyone who knew what they were talking about would immediately be able to understand at least the BASICS of LC.
Please don't misquote or misrepresent what I said 18 months ago. I did not claim that exercise was a treatment for LC, and would strongly recommend against it. This video was merely a best guess, given extremely limited information at the time, about how LC might manifest itself during exercise given known or suspected impacts on the lungs, heart and muscle. There are LC patients who were previously highly active (pro athletes, uniformed services, manual labourers) whose lives and careers have been destroyed by it. Some of them might want to know why and how. Historically, MECFS patients have definitely been badly let down by the medical community, and the fall out of the PACE trial contraindicates GET in any case. Exercise should only be part of treatment if a patient wants it, and even then introduced with very great care. But it can't be introduced if the responses to it are unknown. Our positions on this is not as different as you have written.
Long Covid is post viral clearance issues
excellent. Thank you very much.
Thank you for this vidéo. I have a question regarding how to run this test. I found in the literature that the subject can stand up (not be seated on the chair of the ergo cycle) while performing the test and this is in order to give its maximum. But in my case, the subject must remain seated on the ergo cycle chair while performing the test. In other words, the subject will try to perform at their maximum while remaining on the chair. Do you think the test will be meaningful in this case?
Hi Amine. My strong advice would be to ensure that participants are ALWAYS seated for this test, for two reasons. First, We are trying to estimate the capacity of the participants using consistent cycling kinematics. Second, there is a desire for participants to stand up and sit down repeatedly in the last minute of the test, much as they would do during a hill climb. This must be strongly discouraged (in fact, it should be explicitly forbidden as part of the participant briefing before the test), as standing up means that some power generated is coming from body weight pushing on the pedals, rather than the metabolic ability of the leg muscles. Moreover, at the cadences we typically see at the end of the test (80-90 rpm), standing can cause cadence (and thus power) to fluctuate too much to give a valid end-test power. Overall, maintaining a seated position is absolutely the right thing to do - you are performing it correctly.
@@all-outphysiology2177 Thank you for the response, that will help me a lot. My last question will be about the use of the following equation (linear factor = power / (preferred cadence)2) to calculate the 3MT resistance on the ergo-cycle. Do you have a video showing how to set up the linear factor in the Lode software?
I am an exercise physiologist, who performs such tests on a regular base. I don't see often the described patterns. For example - sometimes there is no ve\vo2 gain, the ve pattern is also different
anaerobic glycolysis consumes 18x times more carbohydrates as aerobic to generate ATP. So a bad lactate threshold is an indicator of fast glycogen depletion. this matters even more than the slow component
Very interesting, thank you for another video. Looking forward to your next one :)
Great video ! thank you mark.
What? Someone got a cheetah to run on a treadmill? That's taking herding cats to a level I'd never even contemplated.
I'm so glad that I found this video and your channel, Mark
Thank you for sharing this info with us.
Seems to be quite a nonsense. As the velocity at VO2max in running can be hold for 5-8 minutes, it is clear that a 3 minutes test would provide an even higher velocity as vVO2max. But CP is below vVO2max. So this is falsified.
Have you watched the video?
@@all-outphysiology2177 Did you read my comment? You guys are operationally blind.
@@alexbond7 yes, I did read your comment. Which is why I couldn't believe you'd seen the video. It's an all-out test, not a 3 min incremental test. vVO2max and the endurance at it is not relevant in the context of this test.
@@all-outphysiology2177 you’re a patient man Mark 😄
@@all-outphysiology2177 I wrote nothing about an incremental test. A 3 minute all-out test can't provide CP well (Vanhatalo, 2007), because it is well known that an athlete can hold vVO2max for 5-8 minutes (depending which paper you read), at constant load of course (no increment!). But the gag is that vVO2max (or power at VO2max) is higher as CP. That is the point. Therefore your 3 minute test is a nonsense and falsified. If i look at my own data it seems to be that this 3 minute test provides more like the power (velocity) at VO2max and not CP!
Do you find many outliers who cant hold CP for 30 mins plus ? and is it standard practice to test time to exhaustion at CP to test the CP for an indvidual is correct in a study?
Generally no we/I don't test endurance at CP as it's not really how CP is defined. At least, not in the last 15-20 years. Seeing steady state responses below CP (that is, CP minus at least one 95% confidence interval) and non steady state responses above it indicates you've found the right power.
I really struggle to grasp my lecturer’s way of teaching so your videos have been such a big help to me. Thanks!
I really like your channel but am not quite up to scratch with everything you talk about. To start a journey of exercise physiology where do you think I should start
Most mainstream textbooks will work. I grew up on McArdle Katch and Katch a well as Astrand and Rodahl. Kenney Wilmore and Costill also good.
RIP All-Out Physiology! This was a great channel.
Not dead, just busy on other things! I'll be back, like a rubbish terminator.
@@all-outphysiology2177 GLAD TO HEAR IT! But still, wishing you success in your other endeavors.
Sir I wanna do MSc in exercise physiology. In your opinion which university is among three is best Leeds Beckett University or Liverpool John Moores University or University of Brighton.
Thank you for this and all of your other great videos! I have a quick question. If you fit a CP model using the 1/time-power relationship, what would you consider a minimal R2 to deem the model a good fit? Thanks!
The fit is more than R^2 of course, but you should typically see values of >0.98. Standard errors of <5 W or confidence intervals <10 W for CP are indicative of a good/acceptable fit, but there are no hard and fast rules on this.
@@all-outphysiology2177 Thank you!
So this is the mechanism behind why the 2nd and 3rd vo2 intervals feel better than the 1st in a set? Really interesting. Thx for sharing.
Correct!
What do you think about Bart Kay’s ideologies of exercise physiology?
The explanations are superb. Thankyou.
Memorable classic at 12:20, seems a lot like reading tea leaves…thanks for educating and entertaining.
Thankyou very much for this masterclass: fascinating, clear and entertaining.
Fascinating stuff, gripping - I just wish my mathematics was a bit more sophisticated. I really appreciate how much effort has gone into these masterpieces.
This is very interesting. Are you planning on a follow-up to explain the best training methods to enhance fatigue resistance? Pros appear to be very focused on this during winter training by spreading some intensity (intervals) during longer rides. Many amateurs are doing the exact opposite by performing short duration high intensity sessions to raise FTP. Of course many pros know their FTP ceiling, respect it, and hence focus on other training
3:37, I enjoyed the joke.
Your channel saves me! --from a new exercise science MS student.
Learnt A lot !!!! Thaank
Very good video, thank you for the information!
I don’t think I’d feel confident saying “venous po2” several times without a Freudian slip. Good job 😅👌
how is this a Freudian slip? lol
Thank you that was explained so well. If I wanted to calculate a VO2 max without any equipment, as accurately as possible say, how would I do that?
Coopers 12 min run test perhaps
There are various ways to do this, but none of them really stand up as "accurate" - because VO2max is one of many things that can affect endurance performance. It is endurance performance that you would be measuring without equipment. Smart watches now tell you what your VO2max is, but that is a poor estimate compared to going in the lab and measuring it directly. Simply stated, there is no good measure of VO2max outside of using indirect calorimetry.
Also just worth adding that many university sports labs will happily take your money to perform a vo2 test (as increasingly will a number of performance coaches and larger bike shops etc who increasingly have access to this equipment) - however it can get relatively expensive since your vo2max is trainable/can change so you’d be looking at repeating it. It’s also questionable what you plan to “do” with the information once you have it. It’s just a number and there’s little you can do with it in terms of a direct input for training prescription.
@@XX-is7ps I was thinking I’d like to calculate my own purely out of interest, there’s nothing questionable about that really. VO2max is a good indication of fitness and improving it means you run faster - maybe I’ll just get a smart watch - sounds a lot easier. Thank you for the advice.
@@gretacompton5271 without being funny you already have a way of knowing you run faster,,, by measuring how fast you run. That’s a function of time and distance ie in pace per mile for running, which you likely already know. That’s far more useful to you than an abstract vo2max value. Your vo2 is only one input to your fitness alongside other factors such as your fractional utilisation and your economy/efficiency. If you just want to know your vo2max “just to know it” then fine, go nuts I guess! 😁
As i know, vo2peak is the highest 1s value of the gas analyzer, and vo2max - the 30s average