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Nigerian Optometric Association
Добавлен 26 ноя 2018
Видео
2019 NOA Conference
Просмотров 535 лет назад
Welcome message by the President of the Nigerian Optometric Association for the NOA 2019 conference
4.5 Key design elements in RCTs
Просмотров 145 лет назад
noang.org/ In this video, we look at the main advantages and disadvantages of RCT and the common methods of randomisation. We then illustrate these topics through the UK Glaucoma Treatment Study RCT which was carried out to clarify the relationship between intraocular pressure and glaucoma.
4.3 Main features of RCTs
Просмотров 815 лет назад
noang.org/ When developing an RCT you must create a detailed and comprehensive protocol which is approved by an appropriate ethics board or committee. This protocol should include the following information: The rationale for the RCT included a detailed literature review Definition of the hypothesis (research question) Proposed methods to be used: the study objectives, sample size calculations, ...
4 2 Epidemiology of the glaucomas
Просмотров 515 лет назад
noang.org/ Glaucoma was defined by this group as an optic neuropathy, characterised by specific structural findings in the optic disc and particular functional deficits in automated visual field testing. They recommended that intraocular pressure should be regarded as a continuous variable in risk factor or clinical studies.
3 6 Calculating association between exposure and outcome
Просмотров 5425 лет назад
noang.org/ Errors in expression tend to occur when the terms "more" or "less" are used. Because it is a ratio and expresses how many times more probable the outcome is in the exposed group, the simplest solution is to use the words "times the risk" or "times as high as" in your interpretation.
3.5 Error in cohort studies
Просмотров 1665 лет назад
noang.org/ A major challenge for all cohort studies is the feasibility of long-term follow-up in terms of cost and resources. It can be very time-consuming to regularly trace all cohort subjects. A loss to follow-up is also a major source of bias. Cohort participants may die, migrate, change jobs and even refuse to participate in the study. Loss can also be due to outcome e.g people who develop...
3.4 Identifying the population in a DR cohort study
Просмотров 535 лет назад
noang.org/ In a cohort study, it is essential to select study participants who are representative of the population from which they are drawn, apart from their exposure status. The choice of study population depends on the hypothesis under investigation and has to be balanced with practical constraints.
3.2 The challenge of diabetic retinopathy
Просмотров 105 лет назад
noang.org/ Currently, about 347 million people are affected by diabetes. Ophthalmic complications of diabetes include diabetic retinopathy (DR)
2 5 Calculating the association between disease and exposure
Просмотров 1735 лет назад
noang.org/ In case-control studies, the odds estimate the strength of the association between exposure and outcome
2.4 Recall and observer bias
Просмотров 8615 лет назад
noang.org/ Poorly designed studies can result in non-comparability between cases and controls. Selection of controls that are unrepresentative of the population from which cases are selected can lead to an incorrect estimation of the exposure rate. Selection bias can be controlled during the design phase.
2.3 Selection and sources of cases and controls
Просмотров 1,1 тыс.5 лет назад
noang.org/ In all case-control studies, as in all epidemiological studies, we must begin with a clearly defined question or hypothesis. We also need to establish a clear case definition at the very outset of the study. This lets us implement a case selection process using standardised diagnostic criteria. Selecting good controls in a case-control study can be problematic. We have to do it in a ...
2.2 The epidemiology of AMD
Просмотров 225 лет назад
noang.org/ The condition we now call age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was first described in 1874, as a "symmetrical central choroido-retinal disease occurring in senile persons.” AMD is a major cause of ocular morbidity among people over the age of 65 in high-income countries.
1.8 Confounding factors and outcomes in cross sectional studies
Просмотров 4335 лет назад
noang.org/ In this video, we discuss how to recognise when a variable may be a confounder and what can happen when confounding is present. As you watch consider some of the consequences if researchers fail to identify a confounder?
1.7 Strengths and weaknesses of rapid assessment
Просмотров 725 лет назад
noang.org/ In eye care, rapid assessment methods had emerged by the mid-1990s for cataract, onchocerciasis, and trachoma. More recently, the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) has been developed to find the main causes of avoidable blindness and visual impairment. The global action plan for universal eye health prioritises the use of rapid assessment methods to establish local preva...
1.4 Cross sectional study for cataract
Просмотров 315 лет назад
1.4 Cross sectional study for cataract
1.1 Welcome to the course and lesson 1
Просмотров 175 лет назад
1.1 Welcome to the course and lesson 1
3 4 Linking research questions and methods Part 2
Просмотров 75 лет назад
3 4 Linking research questions and methods Part 2
3 2 Linking research questions and methods Part 1
Просмотров 245 лет назад
3 2 Linking research questions and methods Part 1
2 4 The effect of exposure on incidence
Просмотров 355 лет назад
2 4 The effect of exposure on incidence
2 2 What is incidence in epidemiology
Просмотров 35 тыс.5 лет назад
2 2 What is incidence in epidemiology
1 9 The Global Action Plan and VISION 2020
Просмотров 2275 лет назад
1 9 The Global Action Plan and VISION 2020
What if it's a study that looks back at old records? Like retrospective?
that's Great , thanks
Excellent explanation. Bless you.
Thank you
well explained
how do you calculate incidence rates of diseases that are less diagnosed?
Well explained.
How is 4 years of exposure equivalent to 50 months???
Yeah, I got 48.
“Person time stops IN year 4,” not exactly ON year 4. Person 1 died 2 months after year 4, making 50 months.
Thanks!
Thank you Mam, Very well explained!