1. Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) is widely regarded as the "Father of Genetics" due to his pioneering work in the field of heredity and the discovery of the fundamental principles of inheritance. An Austrian monk and botanist, Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants, observing and recording the transmission of traits from one generation to the next. His groundbreaking research, published in 1866 as "Experiments on Plant Hybridization," outlined the laws of segregation and independent assortment, which later became known as Mendel's Laws. These principles laid the foundation for modern genetics, providing a scientific understanding of how traits are inherited and paving the way for s...