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요즘 과체중이에요? Are you overweight these days? 😊

왜 연락을 못 했어요? 핸드폰을 잃어버리는 바람에 연락을 못 했어요? Why couldn't you contact me? Couldn't you contact me because you lost your cell phone? 😳

오늘 날씨가 좋아 보여요? Does the weather look good today?

웃긴 영화를 좋아해요? Do you like funny movies? 😍

* Spelling error: Did you go ahead and..스펠링 실수가 있어요. 죄송합니다.

곧 크리스마슨데, 표를 사 뒀어요? Christmas is coming soon; did you buy the tickets in advance? 😊

스트레스가 생길 경우에 어떻게 해야 돼요? What should I do in case I get stressed? 🤔

한국어 공부하는 김에 한국에도 가고 싶어요? Since you're studying Korean, do you want to go to Korea as well? 😍

한국어를 공부한 지 얼마나 됐어요? How long has it been since you started studying Korean? 😍

행복하도록 하세요! Please make sure to be happy! 💜

기분이 나아지면 좋겠어요! I hope you feel better! ❤💜💛💚💙

한국어가 어려워 죽겠어요?😊

그냥 마인크래프트나 로블록스

Do you always have to use 오늘 before저녁에? I usually see it written together but just confused since 오늘 means today.

좋은 시간을 보내고 있나요?

재미있는 하루 보내세요!❤🧡💛

행복하세요! ❤❤❤

즐거운 하루 되세요! ❤❤❤

* Reported Speech: Contracted Forms : Formal Speech vs Informal Speech 대요/냬요/래요/재요/답니다/냡니다/랍니다/잡니다

Expressing “Instead of” instead of, rather than, or in compensation for or to make up for : 대신(에) Action Verb stem + 는 대신(에) Noun + 대신(에) (in two choices) Stative verb ending with a vowel: + ㄴ 대신(에) Stative verb ending with a consonant: + 은 대신(에)

Expressing a Future Plan: -(으)ㄹ 계획/생각/ 예정이다 plan to, intend to, or be going to

#는중이다 #중이다 #inthemiddleof #ing Expressing Progressive Action with 중이다 : In the middle of doing something

Nouns Derived from Native Korean Verbs : verb stem + (으)ㅁ

The Verb Ending -잖아요 : Used to Remind What Is Obvious

#contractions #markers #조사축약 #조사 #영활 #난 #넌 #뭘 #널

Are there more past tense verbs than the ones you included in the description?

#Past Tense Verbs for a Present State or Condition For an action that took place in the past is still in effect. There are quite a few verbs in Korean that “behave” this way. Marriage : 결혼했다, 이혼했다, 약혼했다, 재혼했다 Weather : (구름/안개/먼지) 꼈다 Physical appearance : 말랐다, 늙었다, (잘/못) 생겼다, (안경을) 꼈다 For a present state or condition that is no longer in effect, we add 었 to the past tense of the verb.

#only #밖에 #밖에없다 : noun + 밖에 + negative verb

~하다 (Active Voice) vs. ~되다 (Passive Voice) When ~하다 is a stative verb, 되다 cannot be used. Ex) 복잡하다 (to be congested; to be crowded) 죄송하다 (to be sorry) are stative verbs. Thus, there is no such verb as *복잡되다 or *죄송되다.

*어려운 친구를 도와주라고 했어요: told him/her to help a friend in a difficult situation or a friend in need.

Expressing an Indirectly Quoted Suggestion #자고 하다 suggest (to a person) that we/they … When indirectly quoting or reporting a suggestion like “... (으)ㅂ시다 (Let's...)” or “… (으)ㄹ까요(Shall we...?), we can use the pattern -자고 하다.

안녕하세요 선생님…why is “어려운“ in the sentence? 어려운 친구를 도와주라고 했어요. It means difficult, correct?

*어려운 친구를 도와주라고 했어요: told him/her to help a friend in a difficult situation/ in need.

Expressing an Indirectly Quoted Question -(으/느)냐고 하다 ASK (IF)... When the stative verb ends in a consonant : (으)냐고 하다 When the stative verb ends in a vowel or ㄹ : 냐고 하다 When the verb is an action verb including 있다 and 없다 or when the stative verb is in the future or past tense : (느)냐고 하다

Expressing “Used to” Verb stem + past tense marker 었 The expression “used to + verb” implies past actions that no longer occur or past conditions that no longer exist. However, the past tense of stative verbs (e.g., 좋다, 예쁘다, 춥다) and the past tense of the verbs 이다, 아니다, 있다, and 없다 can also imply that past conditions no longer exist. Thus, depending on the context, 날씨가 좋았어요 can simply mean “The weather was good” or “The weather used to be good (but is not any more).”

Asking for Confirmation or Seeking Agreement -지요? or -죠? When creating a tag question and social distance needs to be maintained : use -지요 or 죠 1. 오늘 날씨가 좋지요? (It is fine weather, isn’t it?) 2. 내일 뉴욕에 가죠? (You are going to New York tomorrow, aren’t you?) 요 in 지요 is omitted by people who do not maintain social distance If we were to use the above expression among friends, the verb ending is shortened. 오늘 날씨가 좋지? Today’s weather is good, isn’t it?

Action verb stem + 자마자 Expressing “As Soon As” or “Right After” - as soon as, right after, or immediately after Action verb stem + 자마자 to express an action immediately following another

안녕하세요… what’s the difference between 방학, 여행, and 휴가?

The Conjunctive Ending to connect verbs: -거나/든지 Verb1 or Verb2 When we connect verbs, however, we use the conjunctive ending (a.k.a. verb connector) -거나 or -든지 instead. The noun connector ~(이)나, which translates to or or either…or and is often used to indicate a choice or an alternative. As its name indicates, a noun connector connects only nouns.

Expressing “While” or “During “for an interval when” or “in the space of time when.” Action verb stem + 는 동안(에) noun + 동안(에) The time marker 에 in -는 동안에 or ~ 동안에 is optional. However, 에 has to be deleted if 동안에 is preceded by a noun that shows a time length, as in 30초 동안 (for 30 seconds). Two sentences can have different subjects unlike ~면서 (another "While" conjunction)

Expressing Indirectly Quoted Statements Formal blunt form + 고 하다 : It is said that... The verb in each indirectly quoted statement ends in the formal blunt form -다. When immediately followed by 고 하다, which can be interpreted as to say [that] …. 고 functions as an object marker and indicates that the quoted statement is the object of the verb 하다. When an indirectly quoted statement ends with the verb 이다 or 아니다, however, -다고 하다 changes to -라고 하다. Quoted statement ends in a verb : add 고 하다 Quoted statement ends in a verb 이다/ 아니다 : Drop 다 and add 라고 하다

Expressing a Purpose Using -기 위해(서) in order to or so as to Verb stem + 기 위해(서) to emphasise a purpose Note that both 불고기를 먹으러 and 불고기를 먹으려고 convey the same purpose: to eat bulgogi. -(으)러 in the first sentence, however, works only with verbs like 가다, 오다, and 다니다. We can also express the same purpose by replacing the two grammar features with -기 위해(서).

Two Ways to Express “About” or “Regarding” ~에 대해(서) / 대하여(서) … + verb ~ 에 대한 + noun ~에 대해(서)/대하여(서) : to modify verbs only ~에 대한 : to modify nouns only

#ㅎirreuglar #어떻다 #어때요 #어떤 #whichone #howisit #빨갛다 #빨개요 #howabout #red ㅎ Irregular Verbs Verb stem ㅎ is dropped 빨갛다 (to be red) 이렇다 (to be like this) 노랗다 (to be yellow) 그렇다 (to be like it) 파랗다 (to be blue) 저렇다 (to be like that) 하얗다 (to be white) 어떻다 (to be like what/how) 까맣다 (to be black) * Exception : • 좋다(good) • 놓다 (to put; to place) • 많다(a lot) • 괜찮다 (to be okay/to be decent) • 넣다 (to put in) • 낳다 (to give birth) 빨갛다 (to be red) 빨갛 + 아요 빨가 + 아요 빨개요 ex) 사과는 빨개요. An apple is red. 빨갛 + ㄴ : 빨가 + ㄴ 빨간 ex) 빨간 사과 a red apple

#배워본적이있다 #은적이있다 #haveyouever #배워본적이있다 #은적이있다 #haveyouever #ㄴ적이있다 #experienced #havebeen #havetried #haveyouever #본일이있다 #본적이없다 #본일이없다 Expressing a Past Experience or Event “Have you ever …?” or “I have … once” Verb stem + (으)ㄴ 적이 있다 / 없다 Verb stem ends in a consonant : 은 적이 있다 / 없다 Verb stem ends in a vowel : ㄴ 적이 있다 / 없다 We can also use -(으)ㄴ 일이 있다 / 없다 * Commonly used in conjunction with -아 / 어 보다 focusing more on "try something", whereas -아 / 어 본 적이 있다 / 없다 adds the meaning focusing more on "experience something"

Expressing an Interrogative Clause -지 The typical interrogative word order changes: from "where is David?" to "where David is". In the case of a yes/no question, if or whether is added. ex) 델몬티 쇼핑센터가 어디에 있는지 알아요. I know where Del Monte Shopping Center is. When the action verb ends in present tense: add 는지 When the stative verb is in present tense: add (으)ㄴ지 When the verb is in past tense: add 았/었는지 When the verb is in future tense: add (으)ㄹ지

Expressing Likes and Dislikes in Two Different Ways

Speaker’s Uncertainty (으)ㄹ까 하다 may, might, could, or (I’m) thinking about *Keep in mind that this auxiliary verb is NOT used in interrogatives. Action verb stem + (으)ㄹ까 하다 Verb stem ends in a vowel : ㄹ까 하다 Verb stem ends in a consonant: 을까 하다

Making a Nonassertive Statement “to be on the side of ” or “to be in the group of ” Mainly used to make a nonassertive statement or non-conclusive statement about some factual information. Verb stem + (으)ㄴ/는 편이다 Action verb: 는 편이다 (tend to or be inclined to) Stative verb ends in a vowel: ㄴ 편이다 (fairly, rather, kind of, or somewhat) Stative verb ends in a consonant : 은 편이다 (fairly, rather, kind of, or somewhat)

Expressing “Intend to” or “Plan to” intend to or plan to Action verb stem + (으)려고 하다 Action verb ends in a vowel : 려고 하다 Action verb ends in a consonant : 으려고 하다 When -(으)려고 is immediately followed by 하다, it functions as an auxiliary verb that can be interpreted as intend to or plan to.