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Sergei's Chemistry
Индия
Добавлен 10 окт 2021
High School Chemistry classes. Explanations of difficult topics. O-level and A-level, CBSE.
Matchstick test for sulphate ions (confirmatory test for sulfates)
Confirmatory test for sulphates; more precisely it detects the presence of sulfur atoms in the tested substance.
Mixture of a salt to be tested and NaHCO3 are put on the wooden end of a matchstick which is heated strongly in a flame.
On heating sulphate is reduced to sulphide by carbon of the charcoal into which the wood is turned. This is confirmed by the colour change of sodium nitroprussade solution from colourless (or pale brown-green) to purple.
Mixture of a salt to be tested and NaHCO3 are put on the wooden end of a matchstick which is heated strongly in a flame.
On heating sulphate is reduced to sulphide by carbon of the charcoal into which the wood is turned. This is confirmed by the colour change of sodium nitroprussade solution from colourless (or pale brown-green) to purple.
Просмотров: 673
Видео
Test for phosphate ions with ammonium molibdate (testing H2PO4- with (NH4)6Mo7O24 solution)
Просмотров 2792 месяца назад
Confirmatory test for phosphate ions: 1. Acidify the tested solution with concentrated nitric acid. 2. Add ammonium molibdate solution (NH4)6Mo7O24 (aq) 3. Heat up the test tube with solution in the flame of the burner (do not boil) or in a hot water bath. 4. Formation of bright yellow precipitate confirms the presence of phosphate ions. Yellow precipitate is ammonium phosphomolibdate (NH4)3PMo...
Nickel Ni2+ confirmatory tests: dimethyl glyoxime and test with NaOH and bromine water Br2 (aq)
Просмотров 3252 месяца назад
Ni2 tests; confirmatory tests for nickel (II) ions: 1. Dimethyl glyoxime test Add dimethyl glyoxime CH3C(NOH)C(NOH)CH3 solution in propan-2-ol to the tested solution (solution should be neutral or alkaline). Red precipitate formation confirms Ni2 presence. 2. Sodium hydroxide bromine water Br2 (aq) test To the tested solution add NaOH followed by bromine water Br2 formation of black precipitate...
Confirmatory tests for Cu2+ cupric ions - hydroxide, ammonia, pot.ferrocyanide, KI and iron filings
Просмотров 2562 месяца назад
Confirmatory qualitative tests for copper (II) Cu2 ions presence in solution. High School Chemistry TUTORING, Edexcel, CBSE, Cambridge. Inquire at sergei@auroville.org.in 1. Addition of NaOH (aq) - formation of gelatinous blue precipitate of Cu(OH)2 Cu2 (aq) OH-(aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s) CuSO4 (aq) NaOH (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s) Na2SO4 (aq) 2. Addition of NH3 (aq) - formation of deep blue solution. [Cu(H2O)6]...
Test for magnesium ions Mg2+ using Magneson Reagent (Azo Violet)
Просмотров 2372 месяца назад
Magneson reagent (Azo Violet) gives blue precipitate (blue lake) with solutions of magnesium salts. Here I tested magnesium salt plus several other salts for control. Azo Violet can be used as a pH indicator. It is blue at pH above 13 and yellow at pH below 11. TUTORING Introductory and Advanced high school Chemistry CBSE, Edexcel, etc inquire at sergei@auroville.org.in Thanks to NESS high scho...
Confirmatory tests for Fe3+ ferric ions: hydroxide, potassium ferrocianide, potassium thiocyanate
Просмотров 5682 месяца назад
Tests for iron (III) ions Fe3 1. NaOH sodium hydroxide test: add to analyte solution 3 drops of NaOH (aq); brown precipitate suggests presence of Fe3 ion. Add 6 drops of HCl (aq); precipitate redissolves into yellow solution. 2. K4[Fe(CN)6] potassium ferrocyanide (potassium hexacyanoferrate (II)) test: to analyte solution add several drops of potassium ferrocyanide; formation of blue precipitat...
Paramagnetism of aluminium, eddy currents, dumping oscillations with a magnet.
Просмотров 233Год назад
A powerful magnet is tried on a number of nonmagnetic metals. Aluminum is not exactly nonmagnetic, it is paramagnetic, very weakly attracting a magnet. This attraction is difficult to feel directly but it can be observed with a help of a powerful magnet and sensitive scales. There is another puzzling effect. Paramagnetic (Al) or diamagnetic (Cu) metals are both attracted to and repelled from a ...
Tests for Pb2+ ions with K2CrO4 and KI. Redissolving lead iodide in hot water. Recrystallization.
Просмотров 526Год назад
Confirmatory test for lead (II) ions in solution using nickel sulfate as a control. 1. Lead (II) precipitates on addition of K2CrO4 forming yellow solid PbCrO4. 2. Lead (II) precipitates with KI forming yellow PbI2. 3. PbI2 redissolves on heating. 4. Cooling the solution makes it recrystallize back forming glistening crystals. TUTORING Introductory and Advanced high school Chemistry CBSE, Edexc...
Reaction of iron (Fe) and sulphur (S) forming iron (II) sulphide; mixture and compound
Просмотров 2,7 тыс.Год назад
Two elements form a compound. Elementary example of a chemical change: iron and sulfur react on heating forming iron (II) sulphide. TUTORING Introductory and Advanced high school Chemistry CBSE, Edexcel, etc inquire at sergei@auroville.org.in
Bromine water test for unsaturated compounds (C=C double bond)
Просмотров 647Год назад
TUTORING: Introductory and Advanced Chemistry. Inquire at sergei@auroville.org.in Video: Unsaturated organic compounds decolorise bromine water (Br2 (aq) color changes from brown to colorless). The reason: unsaturated compounds have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. Bromine adds to the molecule across the double bond. Saturated substances give negative result - the brown colour remai...
Brown ring test for nitrate ions NO3- . Formation of [Fe(H2O)5(NO)]SO4
Просмотров 3,2 тыс.Год назад
Test for nitrates (NO3- ions) is based on the ability of nitrogen monoxide gas (NO) to form brown coloured complex with Fe2 ions. For the test we add FeSO4 (iron (II) sulfate) to the solution which we are going to test and then carefully pour down along the wall of the test tube concentrated sulphuric acid H2SO4 which goes to the bottom. On the contacting surface with sulphuric acid nitrates ar...
Fehling's solution test for aldehydes; using glucose for positive result and starch for control
Просмотров 922Год назад
Fehling's solution test for aldehydes: if aldehyde is added to the solution, on heating it is turning from blue (due to copper (II) ions) to brown or red - precipitate of Cu2O (copper (I) oxide) is formed. Essentially we are testing for extremely good reducing properties of aldehydes, which can reduce even such weak oxidising agent as Cu2 in alkaline medium. As the result of the reaction aldehy...
Tests for sulfide (sulphide) S2- with cadmium carbonate, lead acetate and sodium nitroprusside
Просмотров 585Год назад
There are at least three ways to test for sulphide (sulfide) ions S2- presence in solution. Here I use NaS solution for the positive result and ZnSO4 solution as a control. 1. Cadmium carbonate test. Add a pinch of CdCO3 (white powder) to the tested solution. Change of colour from white to yellow confirmes the presence of sulphide. 2. Lead acetate test. Add a few drops of lead acetate or lead n...
Test for water with anhydrous CuSO4, preparing anhydrous copper (II) sulfate from hydrated crystals
Просмотров 1,8 тыс.Год назад
On addition of water white anhydrous copper (II) sulphate turns blue. We can prepare white anhydrous CuSO4 powder by heating up blue hydrated crystals of CuSO4.5H2O driving the water of crystallization away. TUTORING Introductory and Advanced high school Chemistry CBSE, Edexcel, etc inquire at sergei@auroville.org.in
Supersaturated sodium acetate (ethanoate) solution preparation, crystallization, building castles
Просмотров 162Год назад
Supersaturated solution crystallizes on disturbance or on addition of a seed crystal. It is a semi-stable liquid, containing more dissolved solid than it have at equilibrium. On heating solubility in water of most of the salts increases. Some of them can even dissolve in their own water of crystallization. Sodium acetate is an example. When the liquid cools down in absence of the solid phase of...
Silver mirror test for aldehydes: Tollen's reagent test, Tollen's reagent preparation, washing up.
Просмотров 421Год назад
Silver mirror test for aldehydes: Tollen's reagent test, Tollen's reagent preparation, washing up.
Schiff's reagent test for aldehydes (formaldehyde, benzaldehyde and effect of reagent on skin)
Просмотров 5 тыс.Год назад
Schiff's reagent test for aldehydes (formaldehyde, benzaldehyde and effect of reagent on skin)
Deriving 2as = v2 - u2 kinematic equation for accelerated motion; its meaning, one sample problem
Просмотров 103Год назад
Deriving 2as = v2 - u2 kinematic equation for accelerated motion; its meaning, one sample problem
Sulfur burns in oxygen: properties of sulfur dioxide; test with acidified potassium dichromate paper
Просмотров 639Год назад
Sulfur burns in oxygen: properties of sulfur dioxide; test with acidified potassium dichromate paper
Diffraction of light on a slit using Vernier Caliper and table lamp
Просмотров 3222 года назад
Diffraction of light on a slit using Vernier Caliper and table lamp
Ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 thermal decomposition; tests for NH3, H2O and CO2 which are formed
Просмотров 5 тыс.2 года назад
Ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 thermal decomposition; tests for NH3, H2O and CO2 which are formed
Reduction of copper (II) oxide by carbon; 2CuO + C = 2Cu + CO2
Просмотров 12 тыс.2 года назад
Reduction of copper (II) oxide by carbon; 2CuO C = 2Cu CO2
Magnesium metal reaction with cold water and hot water vapor; on heating: Mg + H2O (g) → MgO + H2
Просмотров 3,3 тыс.2 года назад
Magnesium metal reaction with cold water and hot water vapor; on heating: Mg H2O (g) → MgO H2
Magnesium metal burning in air, basic properties of magnesium oxide; 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
Просмотров 3382 года назад
Magnesium metal burning in air, basic properties of magnesium oxide; 2Mg O2 → 2MgO
Test for halide ions using silver nitrate; ammonia to distinguish between chloride, bromide, iodide
Просмотров 1,2 тыс.2 года назад
Test for halide ions using silver nitrate; ammonia to distinguish between chloride, bromide, iodide
Concentrated sulfuric acid reaction with sugar and filter paper - dehydrating carbohydrates
Просмотров 6952 года назад
Concentrated sulfuric acid reaction with sugar and filter paper - dehydrating carbohydrates
Electrolysis with active electrodes: copper Cu and iron Fe anodes; oxidation of metallic electrodes
Просмотров 1,6 тыс.2 года назад
Electrolysis with active electrodes: copper Cu and iron Fe anodes; oxidation of metallic electrodes
KNO3 - thermal decomposition, test for oxygen evolved and oxidizing properties of potassium nitrate
Просмотров 2 тыс.2 года назад
KNO3 - thermal decomposition, test for oxygen evolved and oxidizing properties of potassium nitrate
Electrolysis of KBr and KI solutions: micro-scale; pH paper and starch is used to test the products
Просмотров 1,2 тыс.2 года назад
Electrolysis of KBr and KI solutions: micro-scale; pH paper and starch is used to test the products
Electrolysis of NaCl (sodium chloride) solution; simple test of the products with pH paper
Просмотров 1,3 тыс.2 года назад
Electrolysis of NaCl (sodium chloride) solution; simple test of the products with pH paper
Pottasium ferrocyanide 2:10
Pottasium iodite test 0:59
3:44 Potassium thiocyanate
Smelling salts?
@@kidsama yes
First
Thank you =)
In gemology, (precious gems) the refractometer we are trained to use utilizes reference "sodium" light, also used with hand held spectroscope (diffaction grating)
I winder how these currents are effected or to what degree if a strong magnet protected from excessive heat, is brought into proximity of a similar mass of molten copper and additionally to copper which is close to but not yet at its melting point
Great videos and nice chanell,,, My chemistry interest is spawned by my intrests in jewelry manufacturing and precious metals processing techniques, and from there dental metallurgy. An associate of mine had extensive knowledge of techniques for various electrochemistry methods for precious metals processing, i recall one time he described using tablets of "Sodium Boro Hydride" to precipitate gold in some methods. I always wondred how reactive is this material, and can it be safley used to inflate a baloon and how much lifting force of hydrogen would be released when one gram of Na[BH4]. I also wondered about its posible safe use for development of a tool for jewelers or technicians whereby a reaction canister could safely contain added feedstock and insitu generate hydrogen for a small jewelers torch. If you have any thoughts or decide to incorporate these points of interest into videos , ill watch for them. Thank you..
if in my procedure using KSCN the solution has a light red layer at the top and the normal colored solution at the bottom upon adding KSCN, should that be a positive result for Fe3+ ion in my unknown solution or would a completely blood red solution would have to form to confirm its presence?
If you shake it, it will be red all over. Probably you iron salt solution was very concentrated, of high density, and this prevented sinking of KSCN solution to the bottom.
mg vs petrole and diesel
Why is NaHCO3 needed and is its function in the reduction?
I guess it is to low the melting point of the salt - the effect of the mixture. Another important role can be creation of moderately alkaline medium, preventing formation of H2S molecules which would escape as gas. Even another role can be stabilisation of pH of the indicator, as nitroprusside does not change colour on addition of sulphides in very alkaline or very acidic environments. In traditional description it is said there's an exchange of ions between the tested salt and sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate is formed. Sodium sulfate is then reduced by carbon. I don't see any meaning in this. Traditional description also uses Na2CO3, not NaHCO3. I found that hydrogen carbonate gives more stable results.
Excellent demonstration of the reduction of sulfate ions to sulfide by carbon thru the burning of matchstick. This microscale procedure is easy to perform.
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10 out of 10 explanation, thanks a lot
Great pic Thanks
Thanks this is exactly what i wanted
Nice
So if you were oxidizing with potassium permanganate and acidic acid gently boiled together in water then allowed to cool in fridge with ipa to keep from over oxidizing then filtered with coffee filters /activated carbon in the filter to make a ketone alcohol how can you be sure to remove any manganese ions from the filtered liquid ?
Thanks for the video! i couldnt find anywhere the colour of a saturated I2 solution in water with no I- present except here
y la pregunta?
yo no pedi un yapuchino
Sigma
Great explanation
Thank you.
Very Helpful 👍🏻
Awesome explanation. Thanks!
Thanks
puzzled for me for days of the 1/2 part! master piece explanation
❤️❤️
What is the concentration of the permanganate that you used please?
Thank u so much
Well..
this channel saved my ass in chem lab so many times. keep up the good work 🙏
Would the same thing happen if nitrogen or argon was in the tube? Does oxygen play a role in the reduction of copper oxide? Can copper chloride or sulfate be used instead of cuo?
Looks like the main action here is done by carbon monoxide which is being formed by reaction between CuO and C and moves among solids doing most of the reduction (turning into carbon dioxide on oxidation by CuO and back to CO on reduction on the hot carbon). Presence of inert gases, air or oxygen makes no difference. Copper chloride or sulfate wouldn't work in the test tube, I think (I did try with sulfate - no result).
Two questions about the reaction in basic conditions. 1. Why does the green colour even occur? The reaction to form MnO2 (s) should be a stronger reaction than the forming of MnO4 2- right? 2.. In your equation there is H+, but it is in basic conditions so there would be no H+. Am i correct? If so, my idea is that the reaction should be noted as: 3 MnO4 2- + 2 H2O --> MnO2 (s) + 2 MnO4- + 4 OH-
In 2 you are right, the disproportionation reaction should be written as: 3 MnO4 2- + 2 H2O -> MnO2 (s) + 2 MnO4 - + 4OH - In 1 the simplistic logic can be the following: as there are no hydrogen ions in alkaline conditions, it is not possible to get rid of oxygens on MnO2 - and convert them into water, so they would stay on Mn and it is only possible to add one electron to the complex. More precisely: If we write a probable equation for reduction of MnO4 2 - into MnO2 we will see that there are H+ ions required on the left side (or OH- produced on the right in alkaline conditions). But conditions are very far away from standard, the concentration of H+ is not 1M, but 10-14 M, so the real reaction potential is much lower than the one found in the table, the reaction is not feasible (or potential of the reaction in alkaline conditions is low) ; the same thing a bit simpler: by Le Chatelier principle lack of H+ (excess of OH- in alkaline conditions) will drive the equilibrium to the left.
Can you name some other examples of exothermic reactions between carbon and metal oxides?
Lead (II) oxide. Or lead (II) nitrate; on heating it will decompose to oxide and will be reduced by carbon forming metallic lead.
@@sergei-chemistry What about C+Bi2O3/WO3/MoO3/Ag2O?
Ag2O decomposes on simple heating. Others why not, but this is experimental question. Try and see!
@@sergei-chemistry I have tested C+Bi2O3 by putting a sparkler into the mix and igniting it but I got no reaction. Bi2O3 works well with Si and B, and to a lesser extent with Fe.
Best
I understand nothing, but this is so interesting!
Nice vid, great explanation. Totally unrelated, but you sound like Injustice 2 mobile youtuber Sigvald.
Great video, It's nice seeing someone making detailed and comprehensive explanations of foundational aspects of Chemistry. Someone will learn from this!
Dude thanks for your content. Can you also make some ZnS maybe with Mn or Ag doping and demonstrate their luminescent properties? Maybe just as this reaction in the video ZnO + S and heat :)
nice info men
Do you use this as a test for water contamination of hygroscopic reagents?
Yes, we can. Drying them up at the same time.
Messirve
Another morning gift for chemistry lover
Sergai , you are amazing. I am chemistry teacher in India
Great sir, you spreading great experiment
Thanks for the demonstration.
This is so so amazing. Watching them practically gives life to your theory.
great explanation! Big thanks