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Pleonaste Spinel, Ilmenite, and Titanomaghemite (Reflected Light)

Limonite (Reflected Light)

Sphalerite, (Zn,Fe)S, optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Cubic Reflectance: Low Colour: Dark grey sometimes with brown or blue tint VHN and polishing hardness: 218 - 227 / medium Pleochroism: Nonpleochroic Anisotropism: Isotropic Internal reflections: Common; white, yellow, reddish brown... colour varies with compositi...

Kamacite and Taenite (Reflected Light)

Cooperite, (Pt,Pd,Ni)S, optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Tetragonal Reflectance: Medium Colour: Brownish white VHN and polishing hardness: 505 - 588 / medium Pleochroism: Weak Anisotropism: Weak to isotropic; grey-pink to grey-green, relatively strong in oil Internal reflections: Not present Twinning: Not present Com...

Skutterudite (CoAs2-3) optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Cubic Reflectance: Strong Colour: Creamy white to greyish white, often in zones VHN and polishing hardness: 792 - 907 / hard Pleochroism: Nonpleochroic Anisotropism: Isotropic Internal reflections: Not present Twinning: Not present Commonly associated minerals: ...

Pentlandite, (Fe,Ni)9S8, optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Cubic Reflectance: Strong Colour: Light creamy or yellowish VHN and polishing hardness: 268 - 285 / medium Pleochroism: Nonpleochroic Anisotropism: Isotropic Internal reflections: Not present Twinning: Not present Commonly associated minerals: Bravoite, chalco...

Pararammelsbergite and rammelsbergite (NiAs2) optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Pararammelsbergite = orthorhombic / Rammelsbergite = orthorhombic Reflectance: Pararammelsbergite = strong / Rammelsbergite = strong Colour: Pararammelsbergite = white / Rammelsbergite = white VHN and polishing hardness: Pararammelsbergite...

Niccolite-Nickeline (NiAs) optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Hexagonal Reflectance: Strong Colour: Yellowish pink to brownish orange-pink VHN and polishing hardness: 363 - 372 / hard Pleochroism: Weak to moderate; yellowish, pinkish white to pale pinkish brown, orange Anisotropism: Strong; yellowish, greyish green, vi...

Maucherite (Ni11As8) optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Tetragonal Reflectance: Strong Colour: White with weak pinkish tint VHN and polishing hardness: 715 - 743 / medium Pleochroism: Nonpleochroic Anisotropism: Weak to isotropic Internal reflections: Not present Twinning: Frequent twin lamellae Commonly associated min...

Magnetite (Fe2O4) optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Cubic Reflectance: Medium Colour: Grey, commonly with brownish tint VHN and polishing hardness: 592 (average) / hard Pleochroism: Nonpleochroic Anisotropism: Isotropic Internal reflections: Not present except when Mn rich Twinning: (111) commonly lamellar twinning Co...

Loellingite (FeAs2) optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Orthorhombic Reflectance: Strong Colour: White, often with a yellowish tint VHN and polishing hardness: 446 - 560 / hard Pleochroism: Weak Anisotropism: Strong, stronger than arsenopyrite; orange-yellow, red-brown, blue, green Internal reflections: Not present Twin...

Pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS) optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Monoclinic, hexagonal Reflectance: Strong Colour: Creamy pinkish brown VHN and polishing hardness: 373 - 409 (mpo); 230 - 318 (hpo) / medium Pleochroism: Weak to strong; creamy brown to reddish brown along grain boundaries Anisotropism: Strong; yellow-grey, greenis...

Pyrite (FeS2) optical properties using a reflected-light polarizing microscope (adapted from Spry & Gedlinske, 1987): System: Cubic Reflectance: Strong Colour: Yellowish white VHN and polishing hardness: 1505 - 1620 / hard Pleochroism: Nonpleochroic Anisotropism: Usually isotropic, however it may be weakly anisotropic (blue-green to orange brown) Internal reflections: Not present Twinning: Not ...

Gold and Electrum (Reflected Light)

Galena (Reflected Light)

Cobaltite (Reflected Light)

Chalcopyrite (Reflected Light)

Arsenic (Reflected Light)

Acanthite-Argentite (Reflected Light)

Tetrahedrite (Reflected Light)

Pyrargyrite (Reflected Light)

Pitchblende - Uraninite (Reflected Light)

Petzite (Reflected Light)

Malachite (Reflected Light)

Ilmenite (Reflected Light)

Hessite (Reflected Light)

Hematite (Reflected Light)

Heazlewoodite (Reflected Light)