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That's good to hear, thanks. Regrettably, generally it's not possible for me to list sources (although I wish I had made more of an effort to do so all along) because this content is a synthesis of years of working with these ideas, which means that usually I can't remember where I first heard of them. In this particular video, I mention these two: Schleef, Erik, and Nicholas Flynn. "Ageing meanings of (ing): Age and indexicality in Manchester, England." English World-Wide 36, no. 1 (2015): 48-90. Zimman, Lal. "Gender as stylistic bricolage: Transmasculine voices and the relationship between fundamental frequency and/s." Language in Society 46, no. 3 (2017): 339-370. I should have also credited Eckert: Eckert, Penelope. "Variation and the indexical field 1." Journal of sociolinguistics 12, no. 4 (2008): 453-476.

Hi - in the context of a course on linguistics, it explains why "gender" in the term "grammatical gender" is not primarily about categorizing people into gender groups.

Hello - I have not looked at Seedhouse (2004) specifically, but this is a set of common (though not the only) transcription conventions attributed originally to Gail Jefferson, perhaps going as far back as the 1980s. Regarding "hh", some analysts seem to consider laughter and the *out*breath similar enough to be indicated with the same "hh". Some analysts wishing to capture the sound of *in*breath may use ".hh" (note the . before the hh).

Adriano Celentano's Prisencolinensinainciusol is a classic example: ruclips.net/video/-VsmF9m_Nt8/видео.html When I ask my students whether it offends them, they always say no. What could explain this? It's helpful that you point out that there are stereotypes associated with English speakers as well, and some of those stereotypes are about negative characteristics. But the thing is, those negative perceptions do not change the fact that English and its speakers have power and privilege. Mock English and mock Spanish both activate stereotypes, but mock Spanish activates stereotypes that actually harm its speakers in tangible ways.

Mai Kuha Spanish speakers have power too. Many spanish speaking countries are powerful countries, as much a english does. Spain is as developped as england (more on many points actually). Spanish is one of the major languages of western civilisation as much as english. You seem to stereotype spanish speaking people as if they were poor and powerless. Sure there are poor spanish speaking peoples, but actually that also the case for english, many english speaking countries are poorer than the poorer spanish speaking countries (english speaking Africa, India, etc.). I do not understand the goal of making these sort of negative stereotypes about spanish speaking peoples, it makes no sense other than trying to make a wide large and diverse category of very different people some sorts of victims.

@@fablb9006 Yes, I made some of these points in the very video we are discussing... Have a listen @17:50 here: onbeing.org/starting-points/are-we-not-of-interest-to-each-other/

...Let me tell you an anecdote that haunts me. In 2019, I was in a group of tourists in Denmark visiting the studio of world-renowned sculptor Jens Galschiøt. As he began to guide our tour, he encouraged us to leave our bags in a pile on the floor instead of carrying them around the huge place. He gestured to a young woman, one of his interns, and made what he thought was a funny joke: "She will probably not steal them, although she is Mexican". Clearly, the young woman had a great deal of agency and competence in her life. And yet, no English speaker would have this particular "joke" made about them; that is a privilege English speakers have.

Mai Kuha if the english speakers of your group had been from Belize, Nigeria or Jamaica while the spanish speakers were from Madrid would you think it would be the same ? I sure it wont. The language has nothing to do with that, but rather the stereotype that in the USA People of Mexican origins are often percieved has thieves. The same stereotypes applies here to north Africans, but not to spanish speakers. In Europe there aren’t special stereotype against Spanish speaking peoples, nor positive ones towards english speaking. These are stereotypes against Spanish speakers are cliches that are typically American. In latin Europe no one would have those kind of ideas about spanish language. Spanish is just other latin language like the other, like french, Italian or Portuguese, we fell that closeness between our latin cultures. In US or the parts of Europe where germanic languages are spoken there might be some stereotypes about latin languages, and some people would might make some more or less good taste jokes about latin languages speakers, like on how funny or unserious our languages might sound to them. You might hear people making jokes saying « pizza » « ciao bella » or « mafia » to Italians or « baguette » « voulez-vous coucher avec moi » to french people... that a big stupid, a bit ingorant of other cultures... but it is not a big deal. It is no need to create a false sense of victimness about that. We are not victims and do not want to be. Let’s face it, we speakers of latin languages too make language jokes about other languages, we specially make fun of germanic language because of how harsh they sound, we can make fun of english, chinese or Japanese, Russian or Arabic... and they do the same to us. I am a native french and spanish speaker. And I am not offended niether by mock french (many Anglos do it too, especially a few years ago when it was cool to french bashing), nor by mocking spanish. If I was, I should apply to it also for any other language and should consider that any humour involving other nations and cultures are offenses that had to be fobidden... it would be sad.

If we set aside for the moment the question "what is the correct pronunciation of 'tortilla'?" and ask instead "what social messages do the various pronunciations of 'tortilla' convey?", it becomes apparent that the answer is not the same in every situation. If an English speaker moves to Mexico and 20 years later is still all "tor till ah", that's one thing. But if English speakers are talking among themselves in English, then pronouncing "tortilla" and other loanwords according to English phonology is simply the normal thing to do. In this context, one English speaker suddenly shifting to the Spanish pronunciation of "tortilla" would be perceived by the other English speakers as maybe wanting to be more distant from them, or even better than them, maybe taking up a sort of world traveler identity or something like that. In practice, in this situation it wouldn't do much good to protest "but I am using the *correct* pronunciation" if your friends are upset with you because they think you are putting on airs. In the following story, linguist (and my former classmate) Dan explains these issues well @02:30. Unfortunately, the reporter immediately rejects his answer because it wasn't what he wanted to hear! archive.wtip.org/wtip-investigates-how-correctly-say-word-sauna

No, I'm afraid I don't. If you find one, let us know!

Thank you for your comment. It prompted me to add some sources to the video description above. As you can see, I am simply summarizing peer-reviewed, evidence-based research by respected scholars from Japan.

@@maikuha246 Thank you so much for your reply. I’m not a scholar. But your mention of your movie is partly right but old. As you know, scholars stay much of their time in their rooms. They do not go out into towns where people on the street, especially young people are. Everyday, practical and natural Japanese is in our everyday life, not in the world of scholars. I don’t know whether you understand that there is some kind of differences between Japanese for non-Japanese and our Japanese as Japanese. I always envy each language like French, German, English, and others that has its clear and distinct orthography because Japanese still doesn’t have orthography.

@@hiro_solstice_dete0831 I think sometimes there is a stereotype that professors sit in their offices and do not know what happens in the world. However, it is important to realize that linguists collect data by observing and recording spontaneous interaction among real people. Journal articles and books in linguistics are based on this type of evidence.

Tardé tanto que no sé si aún te servirá, pero ahora sí hay subtítulos en español. Ahora bien, el video está pensado para personas que hablan inglés como lengua materna.

Thank you for watching. At the moment, I am focusing on topics other than phonology, but I hope your instructor can help with additional examples.

@@maikuha246 hi teacher please can you help me about online class....?

@@SAkbar-fb4jv I'm not sure... what do you need?

@@maikuha246 dear I mean spoken English and practice

@@maikuha246 can I talk to you on Instagram just little bit if you don't mind....?

Thank you for your comment. If an English speaker travels to Mexico and says "mucho gracias", that "mucho gracias" expression itself may *seem* similar to mock Spanish. However, the crucial thing here is not the expression itself, but the speaker's genuine intention to communicate with Spanish speakers. This makes "mucho gracias" in this scenario an example of learner Spanish, a phenomenon that I didn't take up in this video. In contrast, the crucial aspect of mock Spanish is that the speaker's primary purpose is to perform a casual, fun persona, usually for the benefit of other English speakers.