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Thanks for the comment. If you are in a city, surrounded by high levels of RFI, I am not surprised that you couldn’t hear the signal above the noise 1 km away. In my latest video, I am operating outside the city, away from conducting structures that potentially absorb the signal. One Watt is a very small amount of power when using an inefficient antenna but even so, under the right propagation conditions, a distant receiver in a quiet location may detect it. Unfortunately, in your high noise location it would be difficult to hear a response unless the other station was using an efficient setup and more power.

Thanks Wilf!

Mainly TEM waves for sure, but there maybe a small LMD component too. Confirming it might be a subject for a for a future video.

@@DavidSkelhon I agree, both TEM- AND LMD resonant modes can be present.

Thanks Bob! Yes the secondary uses about 40 turns of insulated 14 gauge wire on a 4 inch former. The primary is 2 turns of RG58U, using the shield only. Good point about the radiation pattern and it would certainly be interesting to find out, but I'm not sure how to go about measuring it.

Thanks!

Thanks, and yes, weird stuff can happen when you operate outside the box. Garry built many of these devices decades ago and the objective of this video series was to get them working again and record them for educational use. I follow your channel with interest and am currently doing my own research using modified Tesla coils to transmit signals over hundreds of miles - see my latest videos.

@@DavidSkelhon great, I'll take a look.

I’m sure it could. The question is, how efficient is it compared, say, to a conventional dipole antenna? I suspect it will fall short but under some circumstances I could live with reduced efficiency if it is easier to deploy compared with 20m of wire strung between masts and trees. I will test it in the field and report back in the next video.

Absolutely, though I suspect this coil could handle several hundred Watts anyway.

I believe it was around 180kHz.

@@DavidSkelhon Have you ever tried placing another tuned secondary nearby to collect the energy via sympathetic resonance? If properly tuned to the resonant frequency it should manifest the same voltage output as your Tesla coil.

@@SuperheroArmorychannel A lot of work has been done by other experimenters on this topic with fascinating results, especially when a common ground connection is used. Search for Zenneck surface waves, and you will find recent papers with practical applications. Work by Eric Dollard and Adrian Marsh is also interesting. Tesla was definitely onto something…!

@@DavidSkelhon Thanks! I will check out those suggestions. It’s almost as if Tesla figured out a way to violate the conservation of energy law and tried to give us all free energy.

I really appreciate the feedback. Thank you!

Interesting question! You would be in a hard vacuum and therefore there would be no sparks. That would affect how the coil functions. There may be an electric field that lights a gas tube but I really can only speculate...

Yes, the electron has mass. However, the mass is so small that it can only account for a minor force on the paddlewheel, and the main driving force is hypothesized as the "radiometric effect"- heating and expansion of gas next to the surface of the paddle by electrons (J.J. Thompson circa 1903). The tube does not have a "hard" vacuum and contains sufficient gas at low pressure to explain the effect.

No, there are specialized radio communications at frequencies that would be audible if turned into sound. That is, below 10kHz.

Thanks Pete!

@@DavidSkelhon makes me wish I had a nice big outside area with good weather and no neighbours. The UK sucks when it comes down to the weather !

That is a very interesting observation. Makes me wonder how high the frequency could go before this effect would diminish. Indeed, how high can the resonant frequency of a Tesla coil go before the ion motor stops working? How high can the resonant frequency of a Tesla coil go before it stops behaving like a Tesla coil or even looks like one?

@@DavidSkelhon Well, from my very limited understanding. A Tesla coil is built around a very specific resonant frequency. The primary and secondary coils are built with specific and different dimensions to be able to most efficiently operate at the resonant frequency. The voltage to frequency output graph would look like a bell curve with F(Res) being at the top of the bell curve. Any frequencies below or above the resonant frequency would diminish the output voltage and efficiency of the Tesla coil. I've never seen a "microwave" resonant frequency Tesla coil, but then again a "magnetron" is a multi - Tesla coiled device. Where it has, I think, five or six segmented cylindrical chambers made of a copper lined cavity coupled to a narrow opening. The cavity is an inductor and the narrow opening is the capacitor and they resonate together to produce microwaves that are channeled to the center of the magnetron by a magnet. Then the microwaves are redirected through a wave guide, out to a fan where the microwaves are bounced off the walls and into the food on the plate. The microwaves then reorient the water molecules which are dipoles. Through random motion, kinetic energy is created and heat is the biproduct which cooks the rest of the food. In terms of the ion spinner. You would take the weight of the spinning part "the spinner" and compare it with the voltage that's outputted from the toroid of the Tesla coil. You would see that there's an electrostatic force (Fe) and the weight of the spinner is a gravitational force (Fg) and as long as (Fe > Fg) the spinner spins. No matter at what frequency. Whether its DC or AC. So as long as you have an output voltage that produces an electrostatic force that exceeds the weight of the spinner, it will rotate. SO FAR AS I UNDERSTAND IT - let me put that qualification in there! I hope if I'm wrong, someone will correct me.

@@johndoe-bq1xt Thank you for a well thought out reply! My intuition on this is that it takes finite time for ionization to occur, and in the case of an AC voltage, for the field to collapse and reverse. Perhaps as frequency rises, ionization becomes less efficient because there is insufficient time for it to happen before the field reverses, and that ultimately reduces Fe. All this leads me to ask how the field is structured with alternating voltage. I suspect that takes me to Maxwell's equations, which are beyond my mathematical abilities!

​@@DavidSkelhon well u can get voltage sure how do u get the amps what is the harmonics u use the coil to wind the length and the cap diameter how do u determine the frequency

Yes, this Tesla coil has a static spark gap.

​@@DavidSkelhon please, mr David tell me something more about staric spargap please, its blow my mind, never used, i want to see more carefully 🙏

Glad you liked it!

Thanks for your kind comments! I will pass them on to Garry.

isnt 220 and 240 a slightly different standard?

@@9551Dev it's almost always 240v average in the US, at least in where I live. 220 is usually in the uk somewhere

That's partly because it is driven with a vacuum tube instead of a spark gap. Also the nature of the high voltage discharge is very different from a conventional coil due to the spinner.

Wikipedia has a good overview of Crookes and his experimental tubes.

@@DavidSkelhon Tnx!

The electric field will light fluorescent tubes some meters away. The fundamental and harmonic frequencies will travel much further as electromagnetic waves.

This machine was built around 50 years ago and Garry has owned it for many years. It isn't possible to generate significant power from this machine. A small amount of the energy used to turn the handle is converted to electrical energy and therefore it is not "free." The machine was built to demonstrate the principle that charge can be separated from atoms by mechanical work, stored briefly, then discharged across a spark gap.

@@DavidSkelhon Yes, I know how this machine works in physics lessons, but in the film Vidocq with Girarod Depardieu, in the region of 15-20 minutes, such a machine shows completely different possibilities, and I heard something similar in the Swiss Testatika project. In addition, I am interested in a silent windmill (I tend to vertical) of 5-10 kW for a private house. I often have wind and such technology would be very useful.

@@user-vf8og2ct4g The machine in the movie was not really operational and was there to add cool special effects. You will get high voltage from this, but low power as you cannot get more energy out than you had put in.

​@@Ratzfourtyfourcan you use like a dynamo too charge a battery by arm power...cherrs

You certainly wouldn't want to connect it to an antenna.

fcc wont chase after you as long as you dont point one probe outside the window and the other connected to the metal water pipe...cops might think you own an illegal giant taser though

they even had electric pulses used to cure body ailments and disease back then, powers that be today has called these quackery unfortunately, i still believe some of them actually worked

Handbook of Technical Instruction to Wireless Telegraphisis, 7th Edition (first edition 1913), authors Dowsett & Walker, published by British Wireless Marine Service, Marconi Company. High Frequency Apparatus, by Curtis Gorman, Henley Publishing (New York) 1920. Hope this helps!

those were great times to live in where new ideas and technology were being invented and discovered

Thanks! Garry is very good at taking modern technology back to its roots, and showing it in a way that is both entertaining and educational.

@@DavidSkelhon So you are not Garry ?? Please explain fella.

Garry is a good friend, and I am the video producer. We both have a passion for science and education!

Thanks! The purpose of these videos is to show some very basic physics, using machines that were once common in high school classrooms. Seeing these machines demonstrated nearly 50 years ago helped germinate my lifelong passion in science and technology.

@@DavidSkelhon I have to say I got the bug years ago myself with science and technology. This has driven me to so many avenues in so many fields for me that my journey is so bountiful that I can honestly say "LIFE IS GOOD".I JUST HOPE TO MEET SOMEONE FROM SOMEWHERE ELSE BEFORE I CHECK OUT. The part that gets me is how things are going astray in the sciences. Seems it is all about MONEY. Keep on doing videos with your zesto and passion. I look forward to seeing more from you Sir.