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Here's a long explanation I found that is very enlightening regarding the Tahitians and their different stroke rates. The Shell Va'a stroke Manutea refers to, at 1:20, is a traditional Tahitian stroke called the huti pa'ari ( meaning 'hard pull' ), and is not taught in Hawaii. It is an extra deep ( blade + another 4 or 10 inches, such that the hand touches the water ), and really long, stroke: far in front + maximally far in back ( arm about 45° behind, slightly bent, top hand at or slightly below the gunnel ), sitting upright while keeping the lower arm straight as it passes the seat, as though sweeping with a broom ( or tossing a load of snow, behind, with a shovel ). The tempo for the huti pa'ari is slow: one stroke cycle every 2 to 3 seconds ( = 20 to 30 strokes per minute ), the recovery lasting just as long as the aquatic phase. The huti pa'ari is physically taxing, because of the hard pull and depth of the blade, making the slow return crucial for recuperation. This stroke is used in calm-ish water, particularly when going against the current ( so-called 'hard water' ). Note: See YT video titled "Shell va'a vise le podium", for an example of the huti pa'ari used against a mild swell, wind, and current. Besides the huti pa'ari, Tahitians have another long ( extending past the front edge of the seat, though not as far back as the huti pa'ari: arm about 30° behind, slightly bent ), slow-tempo stroke, called the huti roa ( meaning 'long pull' ), which is not as deep and hard as the huti pa'ari, and used for cruising, whenever conditions allow, as well as for warm-up or sporadic recuperation. Both the huti pa'ari and huti roa are used in relatively calm water, when the canoe is already at speed, to maximize glide, thus maintaining the acquired velocity. Note: long strokes - especially the huti pa'ari - require a recovery by twisting the torso, the paddle swinging to the front in a wide arc ( as if it were an oar, as seen in Shell Va'a's aerial footage ), rather than picking it up by bending the elbow to carry it forward ( which gets too slow, and awkward, when the paddle is far in back ). With practice, swinging the paddle around via a twist of the torso is fastest for long strokes ( 'long strokes' being defined as when the paddle exits anywhere past the front edge of the seat ), hence Manutea's recommendation to focus on that, at 6:35. Note: Shorter, front-powered strokes, such as the high-tempo Huti Pe'e, require a much more linear - as opposed to wide arcing - return of the paddle, however. The stroke technique we are taught in Hawaii is called, in Tahitian, the huti pe'e ( meaning 'fast' or 'leaping' pull ). It is a high-speed stroke: one stroke cycle per second, or less ( = 60 strokes a minute or more ), but is not as deep as the huti pa'ari ( blade is typically submerged only up to the shaft, but not more ), and the paddle exits more or less at the front edge of the seat. The recovery, however, is ideally twice as fast as the aquatic phase, and the forward reach maximal ( hence 'the leap' ). The huti pe'e is used whenever the huti roa or huti pa'ari are no longer practical due to adverse, slowing conditions in rough water, like swell, current, or wind, as well as any time punctual acceleration is needed ( ex: sprint against another canoe, or to catch a wave ). See YT video titled "Team Tupuai Video 1" for a textbook example of the 'leaping' huti pe'e. The thing to note is that the huti pe'e, huti roa, and huti pa'ari form a continuum, each able to blend into the other. On one end, with the huti pe'e, we have essentially a high-frequency ( 1 sec or less per cycle ), relatively low-intensity ( insofar as each pull is not particularly hard - unless there is a temporary call to 'push', known as tura'i in Tahitian, to get an extra burst of acceleration ), half-length, front-powered stroke, and, on the other end, with the huti pa'ari, a low-frequency ( 2 to 3 seconds per cycle ), but high-intensity - very hard - full-length, aft-powered stroke. The huti roa being in the middle: neither fast, nor particularly slow ( 1.5 to 2 seconds per cycle ), with medium intensity, long-ish pulls. Whereas the huti pe'e requires good cardio, to maintain stroke rates often in excess of 60 strokes-per-minute, the huti pa'ari, being a slow weight-pulling movement, relies more on physical strength ( 'muscle' ). Besides benefiting from a nomenclature to designate these three distinct stroke types, Tahitians excel at seamlessly transitioning from one to the other, depending on water conditions, or situation ( including the energy level of the crew, as Manutea points out, at 5:30 ): lengthen the pull past the seat, and the huti pe'e becomes the huti roa; sink the blade to the hand, and the huti roa naturally becomes the huti pa'ari. P.S. Regarding stroke rate: I believe the optimum stroke rate is as slow as the conditions, or situation ( e.g. sprint ), allow. Slower stroke rates enable longer ( past the front edge of the seat ), deeper, harder, more synchronized, pulls. Fast stroke rates ( 1 second or less per stroke cycle ) are for acceleration, or when encountering adverse conditions in rough water, such as swell, current and/or wind, that rob the canoe's momentum too quickly. But even then, there are limits to how fast one should stroke as, past a certain point, paddling faster makes the canoe go slower - because the pull gets too short. In Hawaii, we have a tendency to paddle too fast ( huti pe'e all the way ), as if we were constantly pressing our foot down on the accelerator, and end up losing sight of the art and feel of the glide, tiring our crews in the process. As Luke Evslin once put it ( see YT video: "Luke on stroke 2018" ), this might be fine for relatively short regatta-type races, but not so much for long-distance, where endurance is critical. P.S.(2) David Tepava, the coach of Shell Va'a, credits huti pa'ari practice ( a traditional Tahitian stroke harkening back to the days when paddles were longer and without a pommel, pre-1980s ), in a SportsTahiti MAG online French interview, for the return of his team to the top of the rankings, a few years ago, in the Hawaiki Nui race. Tepava demonstrates this stroke in a YT video titled "Hawaiki nui vaa : au coeur de l’entrainement avec Shell" [ at 45 sec ]. The key, being to keep the bottom arm straight as it sweeps past the seat, while sitting upright, and avoiding leaning forward or picking up one's paddle by bending the elbow, in order to carry it forward. "[The secret to the huti pa'ari] is to gain an appreciation for what we do: paddling with the elements, atuned to the canoe's glide, and the feeling of the ocean. This stroke may be slow, but there is a heck of a lot of pull pressure, which is why the canoe glides far." - David Tepava "Having tried several training regimens, several canoes, won every race, I came to realize that what matters is not the speed of the stroke, but the speed of the canoe. And the 'huti pa'ari' enables very good canoe speed, while especially being able to recuperate at the same time. We had, howewer, to work on it a lot, to give my guys confidence in this stroke." - David Tepava "[ Journalist: 'Why the huti pa'ari?' ] It's first and foremost a matter of recuperation. If you do three strokes while I do a single one, but move just as fast as you, I'll be more fresh to go farther and faster." - David Tepava Sadly, I haven't been able to find much written information devoted to Tahitian stroke technique. There is, however, a camp / paddling clinic in Faa'a, a commune of Tahiti, West of Papeete. I won't mention the name because the YT algo won't like it. They even have a YT channel. I believe the best would be to go spend some time in FP, if you have the means; there might be more printed material there, also. Generally speaking, from what I have been able to infer, Tahitians don't seem to be big on theory, preferring an empirical, club-centered approach, with particular clubs favoring some stroke types over others ( with paddles to match! ). It's kind of a paddling laboratory. Ex: Shell Va'a is getting known for its revival of the Huti Pa'ari. If there is a broad Tahitian style, however, one might say that it is characterized by fairly long strokes overall ( often extending past the front edge of the seat, well into so-called 'negative angle' territory, sometimes strikingly so, in the case of the Huti Pa'ari ) - which is quite distinct from the prevailing Hawaiian style, favoring high-tempo, relatively short, front-powered strokes, instead. In other words, Tahitian paddling technique prioritizes efficiency and power over mere frequency of strokes.

Thank you!

Looks like roll easier than I thought

So Good!

Good morning, thanks for the video, my spine is damaged, I won't be able to sea kayak anymore, I'm considering buying outrigeer, can you tell me the seat measurements from a v1 (like the dragon) to an oc1? thank you so much

Agree completely. Easy on flat water. Or downwind. But open ocean with side swell you do lean. Maybe not every stroke but everyone leans in those conditions.

That outrigger is quite a good idea. Use a skinny fast ski and still have the balance. I like it!

You have great vids. Just getting started and this info is great and well done. Hope you continue with these. I saw you haven’t uploaded in a while. Watching all your vids now.

Thanks for that, I need to practice. Question: In downwind conditions, is there any consideration given to the direction of the wind?

So clear, two options. Very informative

Thank you I always find myself leaning, will try to be more aware of that in the OC2

Showing both ways was excellent. Thanks so much!