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Mbikan Nawuaya was likely born in 1885 or 1886. During our interview with her in October 2007, we bechmark the memories of how old she was with 4 historical dates: 1899, Ekiffo, the Year of Disaster (drought and rinderpest), 1904, the end of Or Emutai, the worst of drought Maasai experienced, 1911, the death of Chief Lenana, 1914 when the Europeans entered in a war among themselves, 1918 when that war ended. Her anwers were consisten with the time frame, with an error of just one year. She remembered being about 14, during Ekiffo, and having her first daugther in 1904, at 19 We determined she was born in either 1885 or 1886, making her 121 or 122 at the moment of the interview. She was probably the oldest or one for the oldest women lived at that time…. But no birth certificate to prove it. She was born in Loitokitok, at the foothills of Kilimanjaro. Where she spent her entire life. She remembers rhino scratching their butts against her mud house… and the first time she saw a banana, and she first time she heard of a ghari ya moshi, vehicle of the smoke, the train… Her mathernal DNA has never left East Africa: her mitochondrial DNA was tested by the Genographic Project. It belonged to Haplogroup L0. It is most common today among some of the oldest continuous populations in Africa, such as the Khoisan people of southern Africa and some groups in eastern Africa. These populations are considered some of the most ancient in human genetic terms. L0 is a direct descendant of the mitochondrial Eve-the theoretical most recent common ancestor of all humans via maternal lineage. The emergence of Haplogroup L0 closely coincides with the early development of anatomically modern humans, Homo sapiens, who are believed to have originated in Africa about 200,000 to 300,000 years ago. Given the fossil evidence and genetic studies, L0 is likely one of the haplogroups that can be associated with the earliest Homo sapiens populations. Mbikan, Samson’s great grandmother died in December 2007, peacefully in her sleep. What a priviliged to have met her and learnt so many things from her and having received her blessing. What a family history Samson has… to the roots of humand kind.

My name is Robin Otieno i am a tourism student in a school in Athiriver ,Nairobi, Kenya i have learned more about your foundation and i would like to be part of your stuff

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