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Awesome video ❤❤ and happy new year.

Try to study first before make such a miserable version of history

In a conversation with Zass, I told him that I did not like his system of war, and he answered me at the same time: "Russia wants to conquer the Caucasus at all costs. With the peoples, our enemies, what can we take but fear and a thunderstorm?.. Philanthropy is not good here, and A. P. Ermolov, hanging mercilessly, robbing and burning villages, only managed to do this more than ours. Even to this day, his name is pronounced with trepidation in the mountains, and they scare little children with it." In support of the idea of fear preached by Zass, Circassian heads were constantly sticking out on peaks on a deliberately filled mound near a Solid Trench at Zass, and their beards were fluttering in the wind. It was sad to look at this disgusting sight. Once Zass invited Naryshkina to his place, and she agreed on the condition that the enemy's heads would be removed. Zass fulfilled her wish, and we all visited him. Once I went up to the general's office, I was struck by some unbearable disgusting smell, and Zass, laughing, led us astray, saying that his people probably

ЧЕРКЕСЫ ☝️🙏👍

Excellent work, look forward to watching the next one

Thank you, very well detailed.

Turned it off as soon as you ran with the typical colonization myths. Was it bad by modern standards? Absolutely. Such was the tale of our planet (and very much still is in some respects). Viewing the issue wholistically though, most SA nations owe their development to the groundwork provided by the Spaniards and Portuguese. This skewed view of history often relies on patently false assertions that the natives were living in peace and harmony until those evil Europeans arrived. Couldn't be further from the truth.

Its likely that the so called Christian priests organise or trying to destroy the so called Chinese philosophy

Our Mexican American war is as good and as bad as the French wars with the Algerians, the English war with the Sikhs, the Russian and Circassian wars, and if we speak of dismemberment, Poland stands now not alone. -war with Mexico reviewed, Abiel Livermore

Paraguay vive

Why did the Russians genocide these people?

Não tenho problemas nem com o Paraguai nem os Paraguaios, considero-os como povos irmãos, mas defender Solano lopes ou dar vivas ao Paraguai por esse conflito? De maneira alguma, os 100.000 homens paraguaios que invadiram seus vizinhos até podem ter começado como vítimas, mas morreram como vilões, seguiram as cegas as ordens do seu ditador, mataram pais, mulheres e crianças, principalmente, mas não só brasileiras, como argentinas, e paraguaias, Solano lopes executou mensageiros, familiares, oficiais, alistou crianças e iniciou 1 guerra com declaração atrasada e outra sem declaração que foi o caso da Argentina, hoje temos documentado os seus planos de anexação do sul do Brasil e Uruguai mesmo antes do conflito, além de missões de reconhecimento ilegais feitas anos antes, o que permitiu o ataque rápido e bem sucedido no atual estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Mesmo antes do conflito já havia alistado mais da metade de seus homens adultos, convocando os demais logo após a invasão. Nenhum prisioneiro brasileiro sobreviveu às prisões paraguaias e quase toda a população do Mato grosso na época, faleceu no início da invasão.

This is such an angloid view of southamerican history it actually hurts.

Eu lamento por uma guerra tão inútil que custou enormes prejuízos para as quatro nações que hoje compõem o Mercosul e são irmãos que vivem em fraternidade há 150 anos. O que aconteceu no passado, vimos ser repetido com a Alemanha na Segunda Guerra Mundjal e com a Rússia atualmente. Sempre há algum maluco no poder que usa os recursos de seu país em uma aventura ensandecida que só vai resultar em tragédia.

42:42 Some note that needs to be said, but this is completely and categorically wrong. The entire Federal Party criticized Urquiza because of this, both times he tried to raise troops the troops mutinied as soon as they heard they were supposed to fight AGAINST the Paraguayans, and they clearly stated that in their letters to Urquiza. The guy who wrote the Argentine Constitution called the entire conflict a warcrime made to destroy Paraguay, several provinces revolted in 1866 because of the war which resulted in some troops being called back from the front to deal with that. After the war, Urquiza was murdered in his house during a Federal revolt as punishment for what was universally seen as a betrayal among his former supporters. On another note, to illustrate the Uruguayan Civil Wars (25:28) a battle happening on Argentine territory (Battle of Arroyo Grande), with Argentine soldiers, displaying 2 different versions of the Argentine flag, is shown. That's because that's a battle of the Argentine Civil Wars, as well a battle of the Uruguayan Civil War. Both sides had people from both countries. This is kind of the reason why it's strange that the Argentine Civil Wars are reduced to random warlords doing shennanigans, but the Uruguayan Civil War is portrayed as 2 distinct opposing sides. In reality, the Blancos were allied with the Federals (favouring a Confederation) and the Colorados with the Unitarians (favouring a centralized state), always, and the Unitarians and the Colorados tended to align with Brazil, Britain and France. So, as a general rule, historians speaking those languages will tend to spread a certain narrative as to who was a violent dictator and who was a just a politician.

Thanks for raising the awareness of the Circassian Genocide in the world. Wepsaw! ("Thanks" in Circassian language)

Russian archives about Circassians:👇 “They didn’t agree, they wanted to fight to the death. Wow, there was a war! .. Thousands of Russian people lay down there!.. They fought so hard, but they couldn’t take it for a long time, they couldn’t get through the gorge. The angry Circassians sat there, the most desperate ones. In the villages, both old men and women fought... In fact, the entire coast, all the Circassian mountain roads are almost strewn with cannonballs, bullets, buckshot... It is enough to dig a little in the ground above, and you will certainly come across these deadly, but now harmless objects... How many are there? And how many years have passed since then when they were released with fire and roar here, in now quiet places, on a deserted and deserted seashore..." (S. Vasyukov. “Types and characters. Caucasian, Black Sea.” 1908.) Russian archives about Karachi-Bulgars:👇 “We were oppressed in the mountains and oppressed at every step by tribes hostile to us, having expelled them from this region, He the Sovereign calls to Himself our hearts and obliges us to always be grateful and grateful to Him, with which we are now deeply imbued. May the Almighty make Him the greatest above all crowned people Earth! Amen! ( // "Kuban Military Gazette." N.14., 1882)

О черкесах👇 «Не соглашались, биться до смерти хотели. Ууу война была!.. Сколько народа побито!.. Везде въ горахъ места нетъ, чтобы крови не было!.. Вотъ, въ 5-ти верстахъ отъ нашей станицы, какъ въ Адербиевку ехать, за мостомъ ущелье, «Волчьми воротами» прозывается.. Тамъ русского народа легло тысячи!.. Сколько бились, а долго взять не могли, не могли пройти ущелье. Злые тамъ черкесы сидели, самые отчаянные. Въ аулахъ и старики и женщины дрались... Да!. бедовые тоже были женщины... Въ самомъ деле, всё побережье, все горные черкесские дороги почти усыпаны ядрами, пулями, картечью... Достаточно покопать сверху немного землю, какъ непременно стануть попадаться эти смертоносные, но теперь безвредные предметы... Сколько ихъ? И скольно годовъ прошло съ техъ поръ, когда они выпущены съ огнемъ и грохотомъ здесь, въ тихихъ теперь местахъ, на пустынномъ и безлюдномъ берегу моря...» (С. Васюков. «Типы и характеры. Кавказское, черноморское». 1908 год.) о Карачи-булгарах👇 "Мы были въ горахъ притесняемы и угнетаемы на каждомъ шагу враждебными намъ племенами, изгнав коих из этого края Онъ Государь призываетъ къ Себе наши сердца обязыветъ быть всегда къ Нему признательными и благодарными, чемъ ныне мы глубоко проникнуты. Да содъелаеть Его Вседержитель величайшимъ надъ всеми венценосцами Земли! Амин!" ( // "Кубанские Войсковые Ведомости." Н.14., 1882 г.)

Such an underrated channel

My Latvian coworker told me how brutal Russia was to internal bordering nations. Now I know what she meant eiiiishhhh 😩

Chaco war 1932 the 1935

England tried this on Scotland

Thank you for shining light on the topic The Circassian Genocide, great video

Excellent documentary - fascinating, thorough and authoritative! Giving a clear and unbiased appreciation of the historic and recent geopolitical context of the countries in that region, not just Paraguay. Well worth a listen to quickly understand the incredible historic backdrop for a large part of South America 👍🏼

Really interesting! Thank you

This is a great video. Well studied and well presented. Congratulations

From a population of half a million before the war and probably half that again after the war. In 2010 their population rose to over six and a half million. Those women are heroes to. They should be honoured on a pedestal. I salute Paraguay.✊☘️ 🖖

And the Irish genocide in 1845 let's not forget that.✊☘️

Well put together. A good narrator and easy to follow.👏☘️

Great documentary Thank you 🙏

thanks again for such a detailed video

Я черкес! И свобода важнее жизни! Мы не сломленны, наш воинский дух, так же силён, и мы не оставили мечту о своей стране! Спасибо за работу, Черкесия возродится...

ЗДЕСЬ РАССКАЗАЛИ ВСЮ ПРАВДУ, НО ЭТО НЕ ВЕСЬ ОГРОМНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ!! В КОММЕНТАРИЯХ ПИШУТ ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ И ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНО НЕ ДОКАЗАННЫЕ , ПРИДУМАННЫЕ ПЛОХИЕ СЛОВА О ВЕЛИКИХ ЧЕРКЕСАХ. ЭТО РАБОТА СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ С ЗАДАНИЕМ ОТ РУССКОЙ ВЛАСТИ, НА КОТОРУЮ ОНИ РАБОТАЮТ ЗА ДЕНЬГИ. . СЛОВА ЗАГРЯЗНЯЮЩИЕ ЧЕРКЕСОВ ,НЕ ДОКАЗАННЫЕ ДОКУМЕНТАМИ ОСТ АЮТСЯ ЛОЖЬЮ!!! 😷😷😢

Bravo russia

Thank you very much for this comprehensive documentation of the Circassian genoside . Am Circassian and this subject is not covered enough in media as you mentioned . I don’t have enough words to express my gratitude . Thanks .

The Taiping 20th Century analogy is the Russian Revolution and the subsequent Soviet Union. The Eastern version of Marxist Leninism.

History is full of stories of the animal that we collectively call " MAN". Human CONSCIOUSNESS only developed and evolved excruciatingly slowly and a relatively small group broke through. These include some familiar names like Gautama the Buddha, Jesus, Zarathustra, Krishna, Francis of Assisi etal...... The vast majority of " MAN" claimed to be " civilized", having progressed from wearing animal skins to Armani suits! Somebody did suggest that humans could certainly learn to practise being civilized rather than merely pretending to be. Unfortunately, that's still where humans are today. Human Consciousness has not evolved any further.......😢

it more about changing dynasty and culture, hong is cantonese keJia or hakka. Machu is beijing. should read more, or ask the portugese , french or dutch.....

Encyclopedia of the Circassian Nation by Dr. Muhammad Khair Mamsar Published Wednesday, May 27, 2009 02:16 pm “Encyclopedia of the Circassian Nation” by Dr. Muhammad Khair Mamsar Petra Al-Madina News - A historical encyclopedia of the Circassian nation (Adyghe) was recently published by Wael Publishing House, authored by Dr. Muhammad Khair Mamsar. The encyclopedia documents the most prominent events that the Circassians experienced from the tenth millennium BC until now. It consists of six volumes containing five thousand pages, accompanied by pictures, illustrations, old and modern diagrams and maps, in addition to models and geometric shapes. The encyclopedia examines more than 3,500 subtopics and 500 issues of the Circassian nation in terms of the historical roots of the Circassians and the events that took place in their motherland, and in the stage of the Circassian diaspora, which was distributed in 45 countries in the world, where it deals with its cumulative civilization, its wars and its migrations. It talks about the role of the Circassians in building modern Jordan during the period from 1921 to 2008, the characteristics of this society and the transformations that occurred in it during the period 1878 - 2008, and the encyclopedia’s appendices and documents. It dealt with the events and facts of the wars that the Circassians fought, in addition to identifying the types of war crimes that led to the attempt to exterminate the Circassian nation and the complete destruction of their homeland. It included the biography, contributions and roles of more than three thousand famous Circassians, their heroes and figures in the motherland, and in their places of presence in the diaspora countries, as sultans, kings, princes, leaders, notables, military leaders, security men, intellectuals, thought leaders, writers, doctors, scholars, clergy, educators, artists, painters, media figures, athletes and others emerged. . By reviewing the encyclopedia, it becomes clear that the author was able to conclude that the history of the Circassian nation was written in more than twenty languages, ancient and modern, such as Arabic, Greek, Romanian, Gothic, Italian, French, English, German, Persian, Turkish, Yugoslav, Bulgarian, Georgian, Russian, Mongolian, Circassian, and others. He also concluded that more than 95 percent Among those who wrote about the Caucasians in general and the Circassian nation in particular are non-Circassian researchers and writers. In documenting the historical events of the Circassian nation, the author Mamser used no less than 2,500 volumes, catalogs, manuscripts, encyclopedias, dictionaries, and scientific publications, including magazines, research, studies, university dissertations, minutes of treaties and agreements, and memoirs of political and diplomatic figures, so that this encyclopedia came out in the form in which it appeared. Its preparation and publication took about the effort of the individual author. five years . It is noteworthy that Dr. Mamser, who held several leadership positions, including Minister of Youth and Minister of Social Development, will sign the encyclopedia on the 31st of this month as part of a ceremony held by the Circassian Charitable Society under the auspices of the Minister of Culture, Dr. Sabri Al-Rubaihat.

Why was Khan Kabalan Giri unable, in the winter of 1709 AD, to descend with his knights to Poltava and stand alongside his Swedish ally, Charles VII? . The answer is simply that the Khan did not have the knights that Charles VII had promised him, as he was unable to avoid the annihilation that was inflicted on his army in 1708 AD in the Kabardian country at the hands of the Circassians. So what happened in 1708 AD in the country of Kabardi = (Al-Kabartai)? In the winter of 1708 AD, hordes of Tatars and Turks, numbering approximately 80,000 fighters, advanced and penetrated the Northern Caucasus, storming the Kabardinian lands. They asked the Circassians, in the form of a final ultimatum, to recognize the authority of the Turks and Tatars over the Northern Caucasian land and to offer three thousand young men and women as an expression of loyalty. The Circassians had no choice but to pretend to submit to this humiliation, or so it seemed at first glance, until they could gather their strength, and they sent their families and herds of livestock to the mountains. The gifts they sent to the khan and his children distracted them from understanding Circassian intentions. While the Circassians were holding their war council and deciding to prepare and attack using trickery and deception, the Tatars were setting up a camp at the foot of Mount Qanjal. On the usual night, before dawn, several hundred frightened donkeys would descend quickly and storm the Tatar camps, their tails blazing and flames blazing on their sides and backs, laden with dry combustible materials. The panic of those suffering animals, the strange cries that this large crowd of donkeys was making, and their random behavior caused the Tatars (who woke up to these sounds and saw these strange sights at night) to lose their senses, and panic spread in their hearts, and they did not realize what was happening around them. They believed that demons were attacking from all sides. He came back and forth, and to make matters worse, several hundred Kabardians who had barricaded themselves in positions on the peaks of Mount Qanjal began rolling giant boulders at the Tatar camps, causing real chaos among their crowds and cutting their swords on each other. Finally, the attack of the Kabardian Circassian knights had destroyed the rest. who are they . As for the losses of the Kabardian Circassians, they were three thousand of their best knights and fighters. It was a significant victory and a notable day for the Kabardian Circassians, as the Circassian people are still celebrating this victory in /10/October/1708 AD. Thus, everyone realizes that the Northern War that began in 1700 AD and lasted more than twenty years, in which the Russians, Danes, Poles, and Saxons struggled on the one hand against the Swedes, Tatars, and Ukrainians on the other hand, its end was predetermined by that decisive battle at the foot of Mount Qanjal. The Tatar forces were completely destroyed, and it can even be said that they were annihilated. The Tatars lost more than half of their forces, and the Khan lost one of his brothers and one of his sons, but the rest chose to flee, leaving behind all their belongings. This battle was the largest defeat that befell the Tatar forces during their entire military history. ((As for other defeats, they were inflicted on them in the Islamic East by the Circassian Mamluks as well, such as Ain Jalut and Shaqhab, and the battles fought by the Circassian Sultan Barquq and his recovery of Iraq from Tamerlane and the restoration of its first ruler, Hassan al-Tawil. )). The Tatar Khan was unable to recover from the horror of the results of the Qanjal War during the following two years.

Did you know that the Caucasians were the first to use iron in industry in the world? 2. Did you know that the Cradle of Iron dates back to the country of Abzakhs and the Abzakhs are a Circassian tribe? 3. It is historically proven that the ancestors of the Circassians were the ones who invented the sewing needle of various sizes using bone, bronze, and iron, as well as combs of various sizes. Historical evidence 1. The Great Caucasus Dam. This dam was built before the construction of the Great Wall of China, and it was built in the same period in which the pyramids were built. This dam is located in the Caucasian Republic of Dagestan, which was within the borders of the empire established by the ancestors of the Circassians since the fourth millennium BC. 2. The first geographical map in the world was found in one of the Maikop cemeteries. The first geographical map in the world was drawn, written on it in the style of pictorial writing. It was drawn on two silver vessels. The first vessel was engraved with mountains composed of 3 successive mountain ranges of different heights, and the second silver vessel showed two rivers flowing into a lake or into a sea where waves appear. On its surface, as well as on the surface of the vessel and on its body, are pictures of animals and plants, and writings in the Acheulian language, which is the language in which the ancient Circassians wrote in the third millennium BC. This map was found in a cemetery in the capital of the Adygean (Circassian) Republic. Where it was written on the first vessel: 1. The map 2. The country of the site (Al-Ashwi) 3. Ghayash bin Hayya. As for the second vessel, it was written on it: 1. King (Sads the Lion) from the Atshebah family. 2. The phrase (Here is the spirit of the cursed king, the soul thief.) Explanation: 1. Archaeologists confirm that the drawing of the mountains represents the mountains of the Caucasus. 2. Scientists confirm that the drawing of the two rivers represents the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq. 3. Scientists confirm that there is a relationship between the Circassian Mycobean civilization and the Sumerian civilization in Iraq.

The history of the Adyghe (Circassians) is full of their glorious past, of civilization and civilization, and their great readiness for everything that is contemporary and modern, and of great military exploits that make us decide that this people was not created except to be a (warlike nation): Above all, we must draw attention to the fact that the Circassians are the indigenous inhabitants of the Caucasus region, which is steeped in history, and the appearance of the Circassian man there dates back more than 80 thousand years BC. We must also appreciate a definition of the meaning of the word Circassian or (Adyghe): Did you know that the name by which Circassians have been known since the dawn of history is (Adyghe), where 1. The scientist (Jules Trousseau) defined it as meaning the rational / noble / noble / perfect human being. It also means in Sanskrit that she is honest and noble as well. And in Sumerian it means (men with cutting swords). (James Bell) What does he say: James Bell confirms that “the peoples of the North Caucasus participated in the first human civilizations after their emergence from the Paleolithic Ages to the dawn of history, where we find that these peoples began to cultivate the land, keep livestock, make ceramics, hammer copper, melt it, and melt it.” He poured it into wax molds, then he began to build cities, form city-states, and form a civilization that was called the (civil) civilization, in reference to the first cities that were formed, or (military democracies). We also find him drawing its first news with the first written images, which gradually move towards the (syllabic) language. The syllabic letters, or what it is called in the language (Gamma Sajji), as we see its people in their original homeland in the northern Caucasus making bronze, and to the south of it in Anatolia, melting iron metal, as we see it in the north in the homeland of the people (Nart) taming the horse, and they are, in short, among the builders of civilization. (Neolite) in the mineral ages at (the dawn of history) and its roots extend far back to the eras of the history of the appearance of Paleolithic man in its homeland in the Northern Caucasus, and it is not for nothing that (the white race) is called (the Caucasian race) in this situation. End quote. We must first point out the civilizations built by the Circassians throughout their long history: According to the words of James Bell, the Circassians are 1. The builders of the Neolithic civilization in the mineral ages at the dawn of history, whose roots extend far back to the eras of the emergence of stone man in the Northern Caucasus. 2. Maykop civilization 3. Kura Arax civilization 4. Catacomb civilization 5. Dolmen civilization 6. North Caucasus civilization 7. Kabanian civilization These civilizations were built within the period from 4000 BC. To 1000 BC. It is also worth noting that the Circassians and their various tribes participated in establishing the strongest and greatest empires, which are: 1. The Cimmerian Empire, which extended its borders to include all the lands located in the Caucasus, north and south, all of Iran, and all of Turkey. 2. The Hittite Empire, which extended its borders to include all the lands located in the Caucasus, north and south, all of Iran, all of Turkey, all of Iraq, and all of Syria. After the collapse of these civilizations and empires due to external factors represented by the continuous and continuous external invasion, the Circassians rebuilt many countries and kingdoms in the North Caucasus region: including 1. The Mayut group, composed of a union of 25 Circassian tribes. 2. The State of Sindh. 3. The state of the Kasug. 4. The Zik State. 5. In the first century AD, most of the Circassian tribes united with the Bosphorus state. 6. Establishment of the Zikhia state.

The researchers mentioned that the Caucasus was the source and cradle of the white race, and they attributed to it all the white inhabitants of Asia and Europe and called them the Caucasian race. The first person to give the name of this race ((Caucasian)) was the German scientist ((Blumen Bach)). “Blumen bach” 1752 - 1840 AD When he studied the peoples of the Caucasus, he confirmed that they are the source of many of the peoples that we call white or European. Under this comprehensive dynasty are the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, and the inhabitants of North and West Africa. Among the Circassians are the Hattian people, or the Hattians, singular of which is Hat, and also the Hittites. This is evidenced by the following: 1- It has been proven from research into the sarcophagi and coffins of the dead of the Hittites that were made by the ancient Egyptians and preserved in Egypt, and from examining the faces and composition of the skeletons of these dead, and from their clothes, costumes, and beliefs, that it became clear that they were Circassians without dispute. 2- The Mekhi script, which was invented and used by the Hittites, is still used by the Circassians as insignia and signs for families, clans, and tribes. 3- The remainder of the Hittite language, despite its scarcity, fully applies to the Circassian language and is in harmony with it, and there is no significant difference between them. 4- The English scholar “Sayce” and the historian “Le Normand” as well as the French scholar “Morgan” confirmed, after deciphering the Hittite writing, that the Hittites were Circassians, and clarified that the Hittites did not come to the Caucasus after the disintegration of their empire, which extended and included Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and Syria up to the Egyptian borders. Indeed, they inhabited their homeland and original country, the Caucasus, before this great expansion and the formation of their empire. Its golden age in the Caucasus was in the fifteenth century BC, and their greatest king in the Caucasus was. A. Etes, and it was mentioned in the myth of the “Argonauts” among the ancient Greeks. Accordingly, the Circassians are among the ancient nations, like the Egyptians, the Chinese, the Phoenicians, and others. The Greeks benefited from the Hittite civilization and made it the basis of their city. Some researchers mentioned that the ancient Circassian writing has a relationship with the forms and drawings of the first Phoenician writing, and that a close relationship linked the ancient Circassians since the beginning of the second millennium BC with the people of Phoenicia, especially “Byblos,” and this relationship continued for a long period of time, and one of the most famous Hittite figures is In this role are King “Maozir,” King “Mautor,” and the great poet “Panshawar.”

Никакой русско Черкесской войны небыло, была Кавказская война, между народами населяющими Кавказ и российской армией, в которой найбольшее сопротивление делали народы Дагестана и Чечни, адыги позарившись на льготы обещанные Турцией при переезде в эту страну и по религиозным соображениям массово уезжали в Турцию, кабардинцы вскормленные царём в большинстве воевали на стороне Россий, за, что получали чины и награды, вот, как все было.

ADYGHE, WAY, WAY !

The best narration of this often overlooked conflict I have come across so far. Thank you very much!

You have made one mistake during the video in 1861 Alexander I was long dead for 36 years thus no longer reigning as Tsar at the time. The ruling Tsar at the time of whom his field marshal at the time Dmitry Milyutin was instrumental in perpetrating this atrocity was Tsar Alexander II who assumed the Crown in 1855 till his death in 1881 whose notable actions undertaken during his rule was ending hostilities at the closure of the Crimean war, emancipation of the 23 million serfs in his realm in 1861 which he boasted about to Abraham Lincoln, who was the 16th president at the time, in one of his letters, providing Finland with increased autonomy in running its own affairs, auctioning Alaska to the United States for 7.2 million dollars because Russia was broke from the Crimean war it was in desperate need for lost revenue, signing the Saint Petersburg convention of 1868 which forbade the use of dum dum bullets at wartime for its unnecessary suffering the projectile caused, ratification of the treaty of the Kurill Islands with Japan marking maritime boundaries with Russia and Japan, leading Russia as the triumphant victor during the war with Turkey 1877 to 1878 in which allowed for Romania, Bulgaria and Serbia to achieve its own sovereignty to later fully breaking off from the Ottomans, no major changes occurred in his later years reigning as Tsar his reign however came to an abrupt end in 1881 when he was assassinated by the terrorist organization Narodnaya Volya where his son Tsar Alexander III would assume the post as Tsar regressing many of his father`s more liberal policies adopting a more autocratic and authoritarian stance!

Thank you for covering something that most people today have never heard about.

✋

My great x3 grandfather died while fighting in the Russo-Circassian War. 💔