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Curious About Science
Добавлен 5 сен 2022
I'm 𝙞𝙢𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙚𝙡𝙮 curious. To me everything we learn is just a small piece to an enormous puzzle that we are diligently working to construct. As the connection between these pieces becomes clear, and the lightbulb moment happens, the excitement that ensues is simply boundless! I can't help myself but to nerd-out and share!
Science is a phenomenal exploration of nature. We hope to hone our skills of problem solving by exposing ourselves to multiple contexts. In doing so, it can sometimes be challenging to see the connection between topics. I yearn to understand 𝙝𝙤𝙬 these aspects of physics, unite together. To accomplish this, I'll cover all of my old textbooks through QFT; the convergence point of the many modern scientists! These posts are very much in a "𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘧" style. 𝙈𝙮 𝙝𝙤𝙥𝙚 is that by sharing this exploration, I can help others navigate the beautiful world of mathematics & physics through problems and examples, connecting the mathematical tools to their physical ramifications.
Science is a phenomenal exploration of nature. We hope to hone our skills of problem solving by exposing ourselves to multiple contexts. In doing so, it can sometimes be challenging to see the connection between topics. I yearn to understand 𝙝𝙤𝙬 these aspects of physics, unite together. To accomplish this, I'll cover all of my old textbooks through QFT; the convergence point of the many modern scientists! These posts are very much in a "𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘧" style. 𝙈𝙮 𝙝𝙤𝙥𝙚 is that by sharing this exploration, I can help others navigate the beautiful world of mathematics & physics through problems and examples, connecting the mathematical tools to their physical ramifications.
Problem A.20 - Cracking the Matrix Code ⇢ Unveiling Characteristic Polynomials: Intro to QM Appendix
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟
Embark on a mathematical journey into the heart of linear algebra! In this video, we unravel the mysteries of characteristic polynomials for 3x3 matrices. Discover how these powerful tools reveal a matrix's deepest secrets, from eigenvalues to determinants.
We'll explore:
• The step-by-step derivation of characteristic polynomials.
• The surprising connection between traces, determinants, and polynomial coefficients.
• How to decode a matrix's properties using just a few key numbers.
Perfect for students, educators, and math enthusiasts alike, this video transforms complex calculations into an elegant mathematical narrative. Don't miss this chance to become a true matrix wh...
Embark on a mathematical journey into the heart of linear algebra! In this video, we unravel the mysteries of characteristic polynomials for 3x3 matrices. Discover how these powerful tools reveal a matrix's deepest secrets, from eigenvalues to determinants.
We'll explore:
• The step-by-step derivation of characteristic polynomials.
• The surprising connection between traces, determinants, and polynomial coefficients.
• How to decode a matrix's properties using just a few key numbers.
Perfect for students, educators, and math enthusiasts alike, this video transforms complex calculations into an elegant mathematical narrative. Don't miss this chance to become a true matrix wh...
Просмотров: 5
Видео
Problem A.19 - The Curious Case of Non-Diagonalizable Matrices: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 764 часа назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ Explore the fascinating world of linear algebra as we investigate a deceptively simple 2x2 matrix that challenges our understanding of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. This video unravels the mystery behind matrices that cannot be diagonalized, demonstrating how a seemingly straightforward problem can reveal mathematical insights. I'll guide you through the process of finding ...
Problem A.18 - Exploring the Eigen landscape ⇢ Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 979 часов назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ Explore the fascinating world of eigenvalues and eigenvectors, essential concepts in linear algebra that unlock the secrets of rotational dynamics. In this video, we explore how these mathematical tools apply to 2D rotation matrices, revealing their complex eigenvalues and the special cases where they become real. Discover the significance of these concepts in various field...
Problem A.17 - Matrix Traces Unveiled ⇢ When Mathematical Rules Break Down: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 1914 часов назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ In this video we look into the fascinating world of matrix algebra as we explore the unexpected behavior of matrix traces. This video uncovers a surprising counterexample to a commonly assumed property, using the intriguing Pauli spin matrices from quantum mechanics. We'll demonstrate how Tr(T₁T₂T₃) ≠ Tr(T₂T₁T₃), challenging our understanding of cyclic trace properties. • 𝙿...
Problem A.16 - Matrix Transformations ⇢ Similarity, Hermiticity, and Unitary: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 5219 часов назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ In this video, we explore the intricate relationships between similarity transformations, Hermitian matrices, and unitary matrices. Discover how these mathematical concepts preserve crucial properties in matrix multiplication and orthonormality. This video provides rigorous proofs and clear explanations of: • Preservation of matrix multiplication under similarity transforma...
Problem A.15-Symmetry in Motion⇢ The Elegant Algebra of Rotation Transformations: Intro to QM Append
Просмотров 69День назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ In this rigorous mathematical exploration, we look into the profound symmetries of rotation matrices under coordinate basis transformations. The analysis reveals an elegant mathematical relationship between x-axis and y-axis rotations, demonstrating how a carefully constructed basis change matrix S can transform rotational operators in unexpected yet mathematically precise ...
Problem A.14- Geometric Transformations⇢ Rotation Matrices & Direction Cosines: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 174День назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ A rigorous exploration of three-dimensional coordinate transformations, this problem dissects the mathematical foundations of rotation matrices through the lens of direction cosines. A look into the intricate mechanics of spatial rotations, reflections, and orthogonal transformations, revealing the elegant mathematical principles that govern geometric manipulations in three...
Master Vector Operations: From Basic Addition to Cross Products ⇢ 1.1 & 1.2 from Classical Mechanics
Просмотров 5914 дней назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ Look into vector mathematics with this tutorial on Problems 1.1 & 1.2 from Taylor's Classical Mechanics. We'll cover essential vector operations, from addition to cross products, breaking down complex concepts into easy steps. Ideal for students and enthusiasts looking to enhance their understanding of vector algebra, whether for exam prep or skill refinement. • 𝙿𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚎 𝙱𝚛𝚎𝚊...
Problem A.13- Determinants of Special Matrices⇢ Hermitian, Unitary, Orthogonal: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 11814 дней назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ This problem explores the determinant properties of three important classes of matrices in linear algebra: Hermitian, Unitary, and Orthogonal. The video rigorously demonstrates that the determinant of a Hermitian matrix is always real, the absolute value of a Unitary matrix's determinant is always 1, and an Orthogonal matrix's determinant is either 1 or -1. Using fundamenta...
Problem A.12 - Unitary Matrices ⇢ The Orthonormal Comedy Club: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 7314 дней назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ This problem demonstrates that the rows and columns of a unitary matrix constitute orthonormal sets. The proof begins by establishing two key properties: orthogonality and normality. Using the definition of a unitary matrix, the solution shows that the dot product of any two columns or rows satisfies the Kronecker delta function, δij. The video provides a detailed mathemati...
Problem A.11 - Matrix Alchemy ⇢ The Secret Life of Matrix Products and Sums: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 8114 дней назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ In this video we unravel the mysteries of Hermitian and unitary matrices, exploring their unique product and sum properties. Discover why Hermitian matrices need to "commute" to maintain their identity, and why adding unitary matrices isn't as straightforward as you might think. • 𝙿𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚎 𝙱𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚗 𝚃𝚒𝚖𝚎 𝚂𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚙𝚜: 00:00 - Intro & Background. 00:10 - Problem Statement. 01:13 - P...
Problem A.10 - Matrix Metamorphosis ⇢ Unveiling the Hidden Forms Within Every Matrix: Intro to QM
Просмотров 6214 дней назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ Embark on a mathematical journey as we explore the fascinating world of matrix transformations! In this video, we'll reveal how any matrix can be split into its symmetric and antisymmetric, real and imaginary, or Hermitian and skew-Hermitian components. • 𝙿𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚎 𝙱𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚗 𝚃𝚒𝚖𝚎 𝚂𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚙𝚜: 00:00 - Intro & Background. 00:22 - Problem Statement. 01:12 - Part (a) - Symmetric & Anti...
Problem A.9 - The Product Tango ⇢ When Vectors and Matrices Collide: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 7521 день назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ In this video we witness the mesmerizing world of linear algebra where vectors and matrices perform an intricate dance of multiplication! In this mind-bending exploration, we'll unravel the secrets of complex number interactions within matrices, and witness the unexpected results when these mathematical entities collide. From the waltz of matrix-vector multiplication to the...
Problem A.8 - Matrix Mastery ⇢ Basic Matrix Operations Unveiled: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 12421 день назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ In this video we visit the intricate world of matrix mechanics in this comprehensive tutorial. We'll explore a range of operations including addition, multiplication, commutators, transposes, conjugates, and Hermitian conjugates using complex matrices. Watch as we calculate determinants and inverses, demonstrating why some matrices are invertible while others aren't. Perfec...
Problem A.7 - Vector Algebra's Hidden Boundary ⇢ The Triangle Inequality: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 9221 день назад
⍟ 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨 ⍟ In this video we investigate the fascinating world of vector mathematics as we explore the triangle inequality - a fundamental principle that governs vector addition and shapes our understanding of multidimensional space. This video uncovers why the magnitude of the sum of two vectors isn't always equal to the sum of their magnitudes, revealing the intricate connection betw...
Problem A.6 - Power of Inner Products⇢ Finding Angles in Complex Vector Spaces: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 10228 дней назад
Problem A.6 - Power of Inner Products⇢ Finding Angles in Complex Vector Spaces: Intro to QM Appendix
Problem A.5 - Proof of the Schwarz Inequality: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 197Месяц назад
Problem A.5 - Proof of the Schwarz Inequality: Intro to QM Appendix
Problem A.4 Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization⇢ From Chaos to Mathematical Harmony: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 129Месяц назад
Problem A.4 Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization⇢ From Chaos to Mathematical Harmony: Intro to QM Appendix
Problem A.3 - Uniqueness of Vector Components ⇢ Proof of Linear Representation: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 151Месяц назад
Problem A.3 - Uniqueness of Vector Components ⇢ Proof of Linear Representation: Intro to QM Appendix
Problem A.2 - Polynomials as Vectors ⇢ Proving Polynomial Vector Spaces: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 149Месяц назад
Problem A.2 - Polynomials as Vectors ⇢ Proving Polynomial Vector Spaces: Intro to QM Appendix
Problem A.1 - Mastering Vector Spaces ⇢ A Step-by-Step Guide to the Axioms: Intro to QM Appendix
Просмотров 356Месяц назад
Problem A.1 - Mastering Vector Spaces ⇢ A Step-by-Step Guide to the Axioms: Intro to QM Appendix
Problem 12.8-Mixed State Density Matrix ⇢ Bloch Sphere & Spin-1/2 States: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Просмотров 166Месяц назад
Problem 12.8-Mixed State Density Matrix ⇢ Bloch Sphere & Spin-1/2 States: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Problem 12.7 - Mixed State Density Matrix ⇢ Formation & Spin Expectation: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Просмотров 68Месяц назад
Problem 12.7 - Mixed State Density Matrix ⇢ Formation & Spin Expectation: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Problem 12.6 - Mixed State Density Matrix ⇢Properties & Proofs Explained: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Просмотров 65Месяц назад
Problem 12.6 - Mixed State Density Matrix ⇢Properties & Proofs Explained: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Problem 12.5 - Density Matrix⇢ Example of Electron along the y Direction: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Просмотров 110Месяц назад
Problem 12.5 - Density Matrix⇢ Example of Electron along the y Direction: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Problem 12.4 - Density Matrix ⇢ Properties of Pure State Exposed: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Просмотров 103Месяц назад
Problem 12.4 - Density Matrix ⇢ Properties of Pure State Exposed: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Problem 12.3 - Bell’s Theorem⇢ Hidden Variable Theory; Spin Correlations: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Просмотров 142Месяц назад
Problem 12.3 - Bell’s Theorem⇢ Hidden Variable Theory; Spin Correlations: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Problem 12.1 - EPR Paradox ⇢ Quantum Entanglement Explained: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Просмотров 141Месяц назад
Problem 12.1 - EPR Paradox ⇢ Quantum Entanglement Explained: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Problem 11.33 - Quantum Dynamics Extras ⇢ 21-cm Hydrogen Line Transition: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Просмотров 269Месяц назад
Problem 11.33 - Quantum Dynamics Extras ⇢ 21-cm Hydrogen Line Transition: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Problem 11.27-Quantum Dynamics Extras⇢Oscillating Transition Probability: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
Просмотров 862 месяца назад
Problem 11.27-Quantum Dynamics Extras⇢Oscillating Transition Probability: Intro to Quantum Mechanics
thanks
Very welcome! Happy learning!
My mind is totally going poco loco. I have my exam tomorrow!! 😭🫠🥺
Hope your exam went well!
@curiousaboutscience Yeahh much thanks to you dudee. I prepped all problems from your channel ✨✨
Thank you for your uploading this video
You are very welcome! Thank you for watching!
There's a mistake when applying Stoke's. The line integral equivalent should not have the curl of B but just B.
Wish you had solve this on paper But still thanks
Me too, this first set of videos was not the best they could have been! Thank you for your feedback! Happy learning!
👏👍
Thank you, my friend! Hope you are doing well!
Your explanation makes the subject easy to understand ❤❤❤
Thank you kind sir! This is an amazing subject to learn, so it is definitely worth the time and energy!
Such a nice problem! I been struggling a little bit with 9.5, mostly with the potential definition
Yeah, it is! I completely understand, I went and scouted a couple of papers on it to get a better intuition on this concept.
op
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The starting point should be the assumption that Darwins natural selection can equip us with the necessary reasoning powers to do science in the first place. Since Darwinism has no use for rationality or objective truth, being only concerned with the correct behavior, what we should expect is completely at odds with what we actually experience. Until we stop promoting self-referentially inherence nonsense like naturalism/Darwinism then we will never get anywhere with this discussion.
You posted this just in time for my quantum mechanics final exam. Thank you for the great content! I just found your account two weeks ago and your videos have already made the difference
Wow, this is incredibly humbling to hear - thank you so much for your kind words! I’m so glad the videos have been helpful, especially during such a curial time. I hope your quantum mechanics final went well - I know how tiresome that week is! Here’s to more learning and discoveries together in 2025!
Why did you use lambda and not sigma in E of coaxial wires? We have a radius so it has a surface
Love your teaching style, this came in very handy for the QM final I have in two hours - thanks!
I'm so glad to hear that! I hope your final went well - I know how exhausting that week can be. Here’s to learning and growing even more in 2025!
why the term of cos (constant - 2wt) goes to zero? The rest of the terms don't matter when doing the average integral?
Very well explained sir
the divergence for spherical is 1/r^2 * (d/dr(r^2V(r))) why didn't d/dr (r^2/r^2) = 0? and what happened to the 1/r^2?
i love you
Thanks soo much for these videos
The narration voted least likely to be AI text-to-speech. I expect the commercial voice-poachers to quickly clone it.
One of the most enlightening explanations of Bell's theorem is found in N. D. Mermin's paper "Bringing Home the Atomic World", I recommend it.
I actually have this paper! It was a fairly quick read if I remember correctly. I even think Griffiths suggested this paper in the footnotes, I will have to check.
you can give my mello to a kid brother...
Hi. I'm saying this based on what you tell us at the beginning of most of your videos, that your intention is to make physics concepts simpler. Because I'm an enthusiast not a physicist, I wish you could connect this math to the real world and its impact on our lives. I give you an example: This math formula proves that quantum entanglement exists. And this is how we prove it empirically in the lab. Now that we know it exists and have the proof, this is how it can help to create quantum computers. And if you get one of these computers, you can solve problems a million times faster. I know that sounded like a silly example, but I hope that you got the idea. You know, for me the abstract math is way too abstract. I don't know why and how it connects to the real world, and what benefits the industry can take from these mathematical formulas that affects us. Thank you so much
This is a very constructive piece of criticism! I genuinely appreciate the time you took to share your thoughts. You've highlighted key points that have helped me refine my approach to the "why do we care" segment. Your perspective on the differences between enthusiasts and students has also made me aware of my unconscious bias towards the student viewpoint. This feedback will be invaluable as I move forward, and I can incorporate a segment that addresses both audiences, such as "connections to the everyday world." Thank you once again for your thoughtful input!
Huh, that's a fairly improved thumbnail on this one
@@ARBB1 decided to try something new 😂
@@curiousaboutscience yeah, it looks good
@@ARBB1thank you! So many options to choose from but it's fun to tinker. The chapter on the weirdness of QM needs a new TN design 😂🤓
@@curiousaboutscience A personal favorite book of mine is Asher Peres' "Quantum Theory, Concepts and Methods". I'd highly recommend it as a follow up after this one.
@@ARBB1 the description on Amazon is very promising! Thank you for recommending!
So underrated. You are so helpful for my Electrodynamics course, thank you.
on part b, i dont really get how you got h bar over i for what the commutation relationship is equal to between p sub x and x, because before you showed that it is equal to -ih bar
@@maxritter5642 multiply by i/i to get rid of the negative out front.
@@curiousaboutscience i also forgot that 1/i is equal to negative i
Great video!!!!!!!!
@@tunir3010 thank you! This was an good exercise to work through!
Hello, how can I find your chapter notes for chapter 11 and 12? IT will be of great help
Wich edition do you use for this videos ?
Thanks man. For some reason I forgot the B^2 contribution to the field energy
at 5:44 when using euler identity shouldn't you get -2i sin(theta) instead of positive?
There is a typo in part a where you forget to add the exponents and end with (1 - u^2/c^2)^2 instead of (1 - u^2/c^2)^3
Why is the scalar potential found for f2 and not f1
Nevermind 😅
Thank you!
Great explanations. Small correction though: At 14:20 the f equation is not linear due to f’^2, that’s key for WKB.
relay seen it that time with Cn and Cm space time...
can you explain and tell a method to relate surface charge density with linear charge density
we got math brainrot before gta 6
🤣🤣🤣🤣
Why does charge because pdt
May I get the lecture note file, please?
www.patreon.com/posts/partial-wave-low-111525745?Link&
its goo stuff my man lol
This theory is so dense, but so much fun!
Dude! This reminds me of audio illusions, specifically the Shepard tone: that the pitch nevers seems to stop rising. And this function when you zoom in, you expect it to "flatten out", but because its a fractal, its going to be infinitely self-referenciable And also the coil of incandescent light bulbs
This sounds trippy, any good videos to check out on it?
Kindly send me the paper
doi.org/10.1119/1.3595554 I suppose I could download it and send it to you via email if you prefer that.
Even 1 year after uploading, you are still helping people. Thank you sir!
Can you please provide a clearer explanation why the flux change through the loop is doubled when you move the solenoid far away from the loop? It doesn't make sense to me since the flux change should only be -pi*(a^2)(u_o)nI, because the initial flux is +pi*(a^2)(u_o)nI and the final flux is zero. Thanks and keep it up!
same question here!
The direction of currents was changed(because you reinserted in different direction). So so you need to use -I instead of I
And delta( +I -(-I)) = 2(+I) it's the reason why he doubled
@ErenCengiz-xu9wx The direction of currents was changed(because you reinserted in different direction). So so you need to use -I instead of I
Hmm, do experimentalists really calculate these quantities in these ways? That is very crude!
Definitely not, this is algebraically intensive just to show the details. A computer program with these rules would spit out the combinatorically allowable states and you would reference a library with these functions and have them spit out the other values.
@curiousaboutscience Oh, thanks. Though that was not really what my question was meant to allude to. But I suppose the answer is yes then (with these quantities I meant the ones referred to in the three main questions).
@@sirmclovin9184 Got it! Yea, some of these are used, albeit, more numerically, because we can't always use "hydrogen like" models for all scenarios. Variations on multi particles models use similar concepts.
You did not really explain anything. You just read from the page. I am still confused and I have some questions, if thats okay. 1) In part B, why did the force equation go from "F=q(v x B)" to "F=qvB"? 2) Also, where did "qE" come from and why do we equate it?
q(VxB) became qVB because they V&B are perpendicular so the cross product goes away. also qE is the force due to the electric field. so essentially the forces due to the magnetic field and the electric field cancel which is known as the hall effect.
Hamiltonian Formalism 🍷🗿
@@matheusdepaula687 it's a beauty for sure! 🤓🤝🤓
Amazing
These a fun ways to put the visuals from clever math people's heads into graphics. So darn amazing!
1:05 in the third line, where did cos(delta a - delta b) and 1/2 come from? is it trigonometric formula?? I can't understand that part
Yeah, sum/difference identities!
I might sound silly. But I"m a novice. Please, can you explain to me what a "script p" is? Is that a mathematical notation? |p| or two pipes with p in between.
That is an important question! Thank you for asking - sometimes these questions are needed for understanding but are never asked so I am grateful you did! As for the script p, that is just a notation for a quantity called the electric dipole. This quantity is known as a vector, in which it has both a magnitude (length) and direction (angle). As such, we are often concerned with the scalar (magnitude) aspect of these vector quantities. So, the vertical lines surrounding the script p (|p|) indicate that we are looking for the magnitude (or size) of the electric dipole, not necessarily the direction that it is applied. This double vertical bar notation is also seen through math as an absolute value, meaning that we just want the length of the number from a set point (for example |-2| is two units away from zero). In the complex number work, we have a real part and imaginary part that can be thought of as a vector, so finding the magnitude of a complex number shows how far we are from the origin. This was a bit of a mini-lecture, so please let me know if I can help clarify anything above or add more context.
@@curiousaboutscience Thank you so much. The double vertical lines (double pipes) is only about the scalar part, and discards the other part (being a vector direction, a negative sign which in essence can be regarded as direction on the number line, or even the imaginary part of a complex number). That's what I understood from it.
@@SaeedNeamati Yes, I would add that this scalar part, magnitude (or length/distance) is easy to find in one dimension (number line) but would require the distance formula in the plane (complex or x-y) and higher dimensions. So, the directional parts of the vectors or imaginary parts of complex numbers aren't seen in this type of expression, but are needed via their components. What we say is that we take each component square it, add them together and then take the square root. For example: 1D: |-2|=√{(-2)²}=2 2D: Vector - a=<3,4>=3î+4ĵ=3x̂+4ŷ; |a|=√{3²+4²}=5 2D: Complex - x=3+4i; |x|=√{3²+4²}=5 or |x|=√{x*x}=√{(3-4i)(3+4i)}=√{3²+4²}=5