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Gonzalez Mary Harris Nancy Thomas Brenda

great lecture, I'd like to say a few things for you to think about. When you say a star runs out of fuel that's not entirely true. What happens is the core of hydrogen fusion grows outward into a shell as the heavier helium falls into a new core as this happens the core of helium gets larger and the shell of hydrogen fusion expands. In the process of a new helium core being formed it steals heat and energy from the hydrogen shell causing the star itself to expand into a red giant. So as the helium core gets larger the shell of hydrogen fusion expands until the helium core gathers enough density to begin fusion again. When this happens the star stops expanding because now the helium atoms are now sinking into a newly formed core of carbon. So when the helium core stops growing its size and begins falling inward again creating a newly dense core of carbon the expansion of the red giant stops and the star becomes stable again. The same process happens again with each newly formed core of new elements in very high mass stars and like you stated they do this all the way to the element of Iron. This is the point where the heat and energy that the iron core steals from the fusion shells of the lighter elements does not stop even if the iron core gets dense enough to fuse into a heavier element, that fusion process has the same effect it steals energy from the outer shells and as the iron core does this the shells of lighter elements get burned up by the process of the iron core stealing energy from them. If the stars are massive enough they can cause the iron to fuse into more heavier elements but sense this process steals energy from its outer shells they begin to fall inward. So when heat and energy is absorbed by the iron core that in turn makes the stars expansion process from the fusion in the stars shells to weaken so the star begins to shrink. The Super Nova explosion happens from the parts of the iron core fusing into heavier elements like gold and such but as this process happens it constantly is stealing heat and energy from its outer fusion shells causing them to collapse inward tell they are fully absorbed by the fusion of the iron core into heavier elements until there's nothing left of the lighter elements to collapse inward then all that remains is the outer explosion of the iron fusion into heavier elements. It is only the expansion effect of iron fusing into heavier elements that remains and there is nothing left in the outer shells to collapse then inward movement stops and only outward expansion movement remains. This is when the super nova occurs when the core of the star absorbs outer shells and the fusion of the iron into heavier elements is thrown out into space along with any new elements the iron core fused in its short time it had to absorb its outer shells heat and energy until they are completely absorbed then there's nothing that can collapses anymore and all that's left is the outer explosion/expansion of the iron core fusing into these heavier elements. This causes the material to have no where else to go other then outward into space as a super nova explosion. So I believe for a brief moment a star has an iron core and absorbs its outer shells and fuses iron into heavier elements then after all outer shells are absorbed then the fusion explosion of iron into gold and such causes the iron core to explode into a super nova. This is why after a super nova there is no left over dense core that remains after because the brief fusion process of iron into the heavier elements absorbs all of the energy of the stars outer shells tell there's nothing to absorb and hold back the explosion effect from the iron fusion and then creates the super nova. So it makes sense that a stars Iron core can become dense enough to make newly dense heavier element cores within it but because that process absorbs energy these denser cores from iron fusion only last a very brief and short period of time. So I think its not the rebound effect that causes the super nova its the fusion of iron into heavier elements that steals energy from its outer shells until they are fully absorbed and all that remains is the outer explosion of the iron fusion remains that causes the super nova. If there was a rebound effect that we are told happens then there would be some sort of core that would remain that the material thrown out would have bounced off of but after a super nova there is no left over core. This is what makes me believe that this process I explained happens and not the rebound effect we are told that happens. Of course this is all just good guess work and that's all anyone can really speculate on because there is no way to test or experiment a super nova in a lab and all super nova's are so far away that observational evidence is impossible to collect. So this is my best guess on what happens to a star when it becomes a super nova and that's what I wanted to share. I hope this wasn't too long for you to read and I look forward to watching more of your videos. Thanks again!

The best channel I have come across. Thank you ma'am.

best

Why don't slightly endothermic Ni(p,γ)Cu or Ni(α,γ)Zn processes happen in heavy stars anytime during Si burn but before core collapse begins? Assume stellar core has gravitational energy to spend, there is more than enough energy to convert significant portion of Fe/Ni core into Cu/Zn. Why this does not happen ? Skip talking abut: - stellar evolution - supernovae - s-,r- processes - Cu & Zn real origin, skip Discovery channel talk, focus on the topic at hand. University level explanation is expected, that uses binding energy, photodissociation rates, Saha equation, nuclear statistical equilibrium e.t.c The core might initially be either degenerate or non-degenerate, address both states.

be aware of her explanation about empty space and the expanding universe because everything she explain is complete wrong ..she dosent understand what is empty space nither expanding universe.....she just remember what she learned but she dont understand what she talk about empty space and expanding universe ...even the top expert include albert enisten didnt know what they talk...do deep research and you will be shook when you ask the right questions about emapty space and expanding universe...

Good

Thank you. Your lecture clear my all problems. Thank thanks

How can I get the notes in pdf??

who else is here for SEES?

Yea, not listening to someone who was granted an education based on gender and not merit.

Mam but earth only cones around sun isnt it.

This is one of the best explanations of this process. Now, can you do a video on the concept of " dredge up" in stars during the asymptotic branch in particular?😃👍

Good job. Thanks

Zeus regel

Thank you: you are adding a greater understanding to the human learning by offering valuable insight by expending valuable time of your own life so with a greater appreciation I’m much obliged to thank you.

You must be emitting very long wavelength since your energy in lecturing is approaching negative infinity. Seriously, can you put more energy in talking or lecturing?

Maybe turn off your fan before recording?

Fahrenheit 🤮

Far too painful and confused to watch.

Moon covers its orbit in 28 days then why we say lunar month is about 30 days?

Introductory lecture. Many details are left out.

Are small changes in the energy output of the sun due to the the pressure/feedback loop detectable?

Zero zero zero zero zero lol. Here’s a question: how do we know how energy transfer occurs inside a star? Is this through applying the laws of physics to a computer model of the sun?

how is it that i can see the moon sometimes at noon , 2 pm , 4pm in east Tennessee where i live ? how is this possible ?

too good

bit of a difference between a 15 inch naval shell and a bullet but you're right, he'd have been better off going with bullet.

With all due respect I want to disagree with the orbital change that is state by many videos like this and my realization is that electrons are at a lower energy state and also a lower frequency when at a higher orbit from the nucleus. As for the higher energy state is when the electron is at a lower orbit or increase its number or orbits per second by being closer to the nucleus then when at a higher orbit. if the electrons are all moving at the same speed that does not change from orbit to orbit then its number of orbits per second must very. This is what connects an electrons frequency of light with its orbit distance and to its known energy state. As atoms cool down(in witch all atoms are doing) the electrons slowly drift out to higher orbits causing their number of orbits or its frequency to slowly drop. This can be do to Entropy or some other natural reason but over all it makes more sense that the electrons frequency increases when its orbit size decreases thus increasing the number of orbits it does per second and when at a higher orbit they are at a lower frequency or a lower number of orbits per second but they are all moving at the same speed, the speed of Light.

Wonderfully explained Madam .Thank You.

Great explanation.

your lectures are really informative. good job

it is really amazing lecture.it made me to love astronomy more.

EXCELLENT SUPER DUPER BUMPER MASTER XTRA ORDINARY FANTASTIC

Hats off to your lecture! Amazing explanation. Each word and each sentence is important. Very precise! Thank you so much :)

Love these lectures!!!

Great sister 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍

thanks a lot

Wait...why low mass stars expands...😅

I know this is too late and may be you won't read my comment but you should know what I am going to tell you. Thank you very much for these amazing lectures. Tomorrow is my interview and your videos really helped me a lot. Thank you very much Ma'am for these lectures. I will always pray for you...

A 100 watt bulb does not put out 100 watts of brightness it simply means that a 100 watt bulb pulls out 100 watts from the socket it's plugged in to.

Thanks for the upload. I am enjoying this series of lectures in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. I have been interested in astronomy for quite some time and to this day watch a variety of documentaries on the subject. For the record, your presentations are informative, accessible to a broad public and not as stuffed with the hype and ego of some of the NASA and JPL presentations. Thank you. Rest assured I shall be watching all the lectures in this series and maybe...just maybe slip in a comment at the very end. Take care and I wish you well with your enthusiasm for the subject and your chosen career!

Good delivery.. Thanks!

Excellent presentation Thankyou.

I never studied Astronomy that way! Awesome🤖👏🏼

I never studied Astronomy that way! Awesome🤖👏🏼

Only Bad Astronomers Feel Good Knowing Mnemonics.

Great vedio

Great vedio

Thanks a lot, 7:50 which software you are using

Does the mass of the star decrease during planetary nebula because the outer layers are ejected or because the core contracts?