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Thanks for this! Menopause is an important time in our lives.

Appreciated information regarding Dr. Shalon’s Maternal Action Project. This project is very much needed.

Big pharma trying to push people to hard drugs and keep ones that have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties out of reach

Please differentiate the MASSIVE difference between plain leaf plant and those little bottles. As a consumer we deserve the choice for plain leaf Kratom. Millions are using it safely.

Please look at all the REAL and CURRENT science listed here in the comments. Can't ignore this. Thank you.

NIH RECORD on Kratom with Dr McCurdy. June 24, 2022 Vol. LXXIV, No. 13 “However, 7-HMG is unstable in human plasma and, taken orally, it does not appear to cross the blood-brain barrier very efficiently.”

7-OH constitutes only 2% of the alkaloid content of the kratom plant and has no significant pharmacological effect on consumers. Abuse liability and therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine June 2018Addiction Biology 24(5)

“Mini review: Potential therapeutic values of mitragynine as an opioid substitution therapy Highlights • Preclinical studies demonstrate lesser adverse effects and abuse potential of mitragynine compared to opioids. • Mitragynine can attenuate opioid withdrawal symptoms with less severity of dependence and withdrawal effects.” • Mitragynine demonstrates the desired characteristics of novel pharmacotherapeutic interventions for managing opioid use disorder.” Neuroscience Letters Volume 773, 16 March 2022, 136500 Minireviews Mini review: Potential therapeutic values of mitragynine as an opioid substitution therapy

Regarding substances how accurate are coroner reports of COD? There are several reasons they might not be too accurate. ““should be aware that immunoassay screening will not detect most novel hallucinogens.” Journal of Analytical Toxicology Society of Forensic Toxicologists The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists Article Navigation JOURNAL ARTICLE Reports of Adverse Events Associated with Use of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2017-2020: A Review July 2022

Is Kratom an opioid NIH RECORD June 24, 2022 (Kratom)”MG occurs naturally in the plant. It’s considered a partial opioid receptor agonist, though McCurdy said he wouldn’t lump it in the traditional opioid category”

NIH RECORD on Kratom withdrawals June 24, 2022 Vol. LXXIV, No. 13 Dr McCurdy “traditional kratom withdrawal tends to be mild. “It’s in the upper end of mild,” McCurdy said, “but it’s not in moderate and it’s certainly not in severe.”

Kratom is different than opioids, and here is how “Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are the primary active alkaloids responsible for the effects of kratom. Despite its interaction with opioid receptors, mitragynine is not structurally similar to traditional opioid medications.” “Another key difference between kratom and traditional opioids is the lack of beta-arrestin-2 recruitment, which may explain the reduced side effects and risk of respiratory depression seen with kratom” “It has been postulated that in addition to the opioid receptor effects, kratom may provide a second mechanism to potentially alleviate pain with these pathways that have already been well characterized and utilized for modern approaches to pain management with TCAs and SNRI medications.7 There is also evidence to suggest kratom has anti-inflammatory effects from cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.” Practical pain management journal. Non-Opioids Volume 20, Issue 5 A Kratom Primer: Miracle Medicine or Herb of Abuse Practical pain management journal Sept 2020

Research on Kratom for pain relief. Soumen Chakraborty, Ph.D., postdoctoral research associate in the Center for Clinical Pharmacology Dec 2021 “Chakraborty’s new research indicates that the metabolism of mitragynine in mice leads to the formation of a potent mu opioid receptor agonist capable of treating severe acute pain without the negative side effects associated with traditional opioid pain relievers.” . University of health sciences, and pharmacy St. Louis campus

NIH published. Kratom respiratory safety proven using the FDA on oxycodone respiratory safety model National Library of Medicine Respiratory effects of oral mitragynine and oxycodone in a rodent model Jack E Henningfield et al. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2022 Dec.  Consistent with mitragynine’s pharmacology that includes partial µ-opioid receptor agonism with little recruitment of the respiratory depressant activating β-arrestin pathway, mitragynine produced no evidence of respiratory depression at doses many times higher than known to be taken by humans.

The FDA asked World Health Organization WHO to do a critical 1 year review in Oct of 2021. In a 4 day hearing they couldn’t find any reason for a review Expect Committee in Drug Dependsnce from the WHO World Health Organization has determined there’s insufficient information to even review KRATOM further. The concluded to leave it at the same level of surveillance as it had been for years. So they told the FDA NO Commission on Narcotic Drugs Reconvened sixty-fourth session Vienna. 9-10 December 202 treaties: changes in the scope of control of Summary of assessments, findings and recommendations of the 44th World Health Organization's (WHO) Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD), 11-15 October 2021

The leader of the NIH and NIDA Kratom research team concludes Kratom is part of the solution to the opioid crisis for both pain patient and/or addict April 25 2022 Dr. Christopher McCurdy of the University of Florida discussed the traditional medicinal use of kratom, current pharmacologic studies on this drug, and the results of his team’s behavioral studies. Can a Controversial Tree Help End the Opioid Crisis? Videocast done on April 25, 2022. NIH and NIDA, kratom researcher of 25 years Dr. Christopher McCurdy the lecture was NIH sponsored and promoted.

“Mini review: Potential therapeutic values of mitragynine as an opioid substitution therapy Highlights • Preclinical studies demonstrate lesser adverse effects and abuse potential of mitragynine compared to opioids. • Mitragynine can attenuate opioid withdrawal symptoms with less severity of dependence and withdrawal effects. • Mitragynine demonstrates the desired characteristics of novel pharmacotherapeutic interventions for managing opioid use disorder.” Neuroscience Letters Volume 773, 16 March 2022, 136500 Minireviews Mini review: Potential therapeutic values of mitragynine as an opioid substitution therapy

NIH published Is Kratom comparable to morphine? This study, NIH Published, shows that pain relief is, and it certainly is true for me, as far as negative opioid effects the answer is No. “…showed MOR-dependent analgesia with potency similar to morphine WITHOUT Respiratory Depression, Hyperlocomotion, Constipation, or Place Conditioning in mice. These results suggest the possibility of activating MOR minimally (G-protein Emax ≈ 10%) in cell lines while yet attaining maximal antinociception in vivo with REDUCED Opioid Liabilities.” A Novel Mitragynine Analog with Low-Efficacy Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism Displays Antinociception with Attenuated Adverse Effects Soumen Chakraborty et al. J Med Chem. 2021.

Natural Products for the Treatment of Pain: Chemistry and Pharmacology of Salvinorin A, Mitragynine, and Collybolide. NIH published “…mitragynine and its analogues represent promising starting points toward the development of therapeutics for the treatment of pain.” Thus, mitragynine pharmacology comprises substantial nonopioid mechanisms and suggests that the major alkaloid in kratom, mitragynine, has a pharmacological mechanism that differs from that of classical opioids. …. Taken together, these results suggest MGM-9 is a promising innovative analgesic with a robust analgesic effect and fewer adverse effects over morphine. …..Last but not least, compound MGM-16 has potential therapeutic utility for the treatment of neuropathic pain suggestive that the mitragynine template-based analogues may find utility in treating both acute as well as chronic pain. Effects of this compound on other opioid-induced side effects were not reported yet and need to be assessed in several models in order to conclude on the potential impact of such agent. ….. Among its most promising feature, the drug showed far less analgesic tolerance and physical dependence compared to morphine. Tolerance appeared with morphine within 5 days, while it took 29 days for MP to develop tolerance on acute administration. Reduced tolerance was also seen on chronic administration. The promising opioid functional selectivity is possibly rooted in two mechanisms its G-protein bias at MOR in conjunction with DOR/KOR antagonism. …. The ability of i.v. mitragynine to block opioid self-administration while not being addictive on its own suggests a metabolically stable mitragynine analogue not converting to 7-OH mitragynine and retaining the pharmacological properties of the parent may be useful toward next-generation opioid modulators.”

Is Kratom addictive? Is coffee addictive? Are you addicted to chocolate? Asking questions like this is a bit misguided. In none of these examples we ask whether plants themselves are addictive. Instead, we question the potential for abuse of active alkaloids in each plant. Alkaloids: one of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds derived from plants that have been pronounced physiological actions in humans. In simple English, alkaloids are any chemicals in plants that cause real effects when consumed by humans. Caffeine, for example, is an active alkaloid in coffee beans that is responsible for the stimulating effect of coffee. Nicotine is an alkaloid in tobacco, and theobromine & caffeine are alkaloids in chocolate (chocolate). There are about 20 active alkaloids in the Kratom plant. The two dominant alkaloids responsible for plant effects are Mitragynine (MG) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG). Of all the alkaloids in Kratom, MG is the most common, making up about 60% of all alkaloid profiles. In contrast, 7-HMG only makes up 2% of the alkaloid profile. Therefore, it is believed that MG is the alkaloid responsible for most of the effects reported by Kratom users; such as relieving anxiety, relieving pain and regulating moods. "The main effect of kratom is most likely produced by MG with the possible contribution of 7-OH-MG. (from Pinney Associates's 8-factor analysis of potential kratom abuse) With this in mind, we should reframe a little the original question: Is Mitragynine addictive? According to a study conducted by the Society for the Study of Addiction published in June '18 in the Journal of Addiction Biology (a peer-reviewed academic journal), "These findings indicate that MG has no potential for abuse and reduces morphine intake, a desirable characteristic of pharmacotherapy candidates for opiate addiction and withdrawal ... "So, in other words, MG does not match the potential abuse profile assigned to addictive substances, such as heroin and Oxycontin. More about that here. In fact, in the study, they gave mice with Morphine for several days in a row, and then turned it into MG for several days. After their time with MG, Morphine was again available to them, and they showed a reduced likelihood of returning to using Morphine. This is what is referred to in the quote above when they show that it "reduces morphine intake". Which, as the authors say, makes it a very promising potential therapy for opiate & withdrawal addiction. In addition, when looking at potential drug abuse, the main factor considered is the effect that the substance has on the daily lives of users. For example, the majority of cocaine or heroin users report a drastic negative impact on their ability to engage with work, friends, and life in general. The use of kratom does not fit this description at all. In fact, according to Pinney Associates 8-factor analysis, "Consumption usually does not interfere with work or social activities and commitments, and in fact kratom is widely reported in the US, as in Southeast Asia, to contribute to work productivity, quality of life, and social relations. "So, unlike abuse drugs, kratom seems to improve the quality of life for many users, as opposed to reducing it. It is interesting to read this description as presented by scientific research.

NIH RECORD on Kratom withdrawals June 24, 2022 Vol. LXXIV, No. 13 Dr McCurdy “traditional kratom withdrawal tends to be mild. “It’s in the upper end of mild,” McCurdy said, “but it’s not in moderate and it’s certainly not in severe.”

The leader of the NIH and NIDA Kratom research team concludes Kratom is part of the solution to the opioid crisis for both pain patient and/or addict April 25 2022 Dr. Christopher McCurdy of the University of Florida discussed the traditional medicinal use of kratom, current pharmacologic studies on this drug, and the results of his team’s behavioral studies. Can a Controversial Tree Help End the Opioid Crisis? Videocast done on April 25, 2022. NIH and NIDA, kratom researcher of 25 years Dr. Christopher McCurdy the lecture was NIH sponsored and promoted.

"Findings point toward the potential of this drug in pain research as well as the need for further research on the pharmacology of kratom’s constituents, their toxicity and potential value in the treatment of opioid use disorder." NORA D. VOLKOW, M.D., DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE (NIDA) AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH), JANUARY 2020

“We feel that this is a possible solution to the opioid epidemic, and it could come from nature.” CHRISTOPHER R. MCCURDY, A KRATOM RESEARCHER, AT NIH LECTURE IN APRIL 2022

Tell me the eight states, you can’t because only six. And Vermont just removed it from its list of narcotics so now it’s down to five.

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Great job, Dr. Chugani!

Best pediatrician in Atlanta!