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We use absolute Ethanol. You can use you nitric acid.You need to reach a pH around 3-4.

you can try to see this publication. www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/11/1930 You can avoid the ionic liquid in the composition and in the case, you can substitute the acetonitrile by ethylene glycol, which a is less volatile.

thickness 3 mm and dimensions 2.5 x 2.5 cm TEC 8 FTO

If i use PVA polyvinily alcohol sir? It's can be good or bad?

Yellow: (E)-2-cyano-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)acrylic acid Blue: (Z)-4-((5-carboxy-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium-2-yl)methylene)-2-(((E)-5-carboxy-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethylindolin-2-ylidene)methyl)-3-oxocyclobut-1-en-1-olate Red: (E)-2-cyano-3-(5-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)-4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid

@@pierluigiquagliotto3383 . Thanks for replying! What's the fundamental difference between an OVP and dye sensitized cell? I don't know much about engineering a conductive polymer. Of what I have learned I believe polyaniline would be the easiest, cheapest and simplest for me to work with as a hobby at home, having only completed my AS(switched major to CS, computer science, from organ-chem before my BS, wishing I went with software engineering instead, or never switched) I understand some conductive polymers involve two different substances and conduction involves something to do with the layers between them, I forget which one that is, in that case I could see how covalent integration of the photosensitive molecule would effect the layers. However, like I said, for the sake of my situation I chose to start with polyaniline. As I understand it, polyaniline is made conductive by a controlled oxidation or reduction of the polymer itself , resulting in a charge being distributed across an alternated conjugated π bonding system. (& I Barely understand that) Anyways, if the dye sensitizer delivers it's electron by photo-oxidation , it seems to make sense to me that could be made a side chain of polyaniline or an integral part of it, giving the polyaniline different semiconductor properties depending on if the dye is in its oxidized state or not while simultaneously conducting away the electron. Does that sound about right to you? If you could recommend any specific dies or sensitizers for me to experiment with that would be great! I was also thinking about a Zn doped tin oxide layer for making my own conductive glass if still necessary (or 70% transparent nickel plated graphite fiber paper) As I didn't get as far in my study's as I would have liked I'm now finding it hard to relate homo/Lumo and other chemical terms to terms in semiconductors like conductive band, and other vocabulary used in electrochemistry ect... So many different words for the same thing in different fields with different nuance to each. It gets really confusing. & I thought it was hard getting used to anode and cathode naming convention and the fact current is opposite to electron flow😜. Ultimately I would like to have this concept integrated with a flow battery. Turns out I found a paper where someone else had that idea already but I've never seen it developed or improved on.

This is not a very good source, but easy to obtain and to manage for educational purposes. The lamp is a LED lamp, whose light is quite “cold”. Maybe a lamp that covers a large range of wavelengths in the visible region could give slightly better results in terms of current. For research purposes one needs to use a sun light simulator (10 k euro of cost) and proper electronics (5 k euro) and software for the measurement... ...definitely not cheap....!

One can make larger cells, however they are hand-made and the tirania deposition can become critical and difficult. Those demonstration cells are not sealed, so they “live” just few days. One can seal them by using a layer of parafilm around the titania, in between the two glass slides. These operations can be performed well, but they are more tricky and in general outside the demonstration goal.