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Is "gravity" produced by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms, instead of particles called "gravitons"? Can all matter be described as a form of spatial curvature, as in the twist of a thread? What if we add one extra spatial dimension to the "Twistor Theory" of Sir Roger Penrose? It can be "chiral" by having either Right-hand or Left-hand twist. It can be "Quantized", based on the number of twist cycles. If Physicists describe electrons as point particles with no volume, where is the mass of the particle? Can one extra spatial dimension produce a geometric explanation of the 1/2 spin of electrons? The following is an extension of the old Kaluza-Klein theory. Can a twisted 3D <---> 4D soliton containing one extra spatial dimension help solve some of the current problems in Particle Physics? What do the Twistors of Roger Penrose and the Geometric Unity of Eric Weinstein and the exploration of one extra spatial dimension by Lisa Randall and the "Belt Trick" of Paul Dirac have in common? Is the following idea a “Quantized” model related to the “Vortex Theory” proposed by Maxwell and others during the 19th century? Is the best explanation of the current data a form of “Twistor Theory” first proposed by Sir Roger Penrose during 1967? During recent years Dr. Peter Woit has explored Twistor Theory as a possible solution to help explain the current Standard Model. Has the concept of the “Aether” been resurrected from the dead and relabeled as the “Higgs Field”? In Spinors it takes two complete turns to get down the "rabbit hole" (Alpha Funnel 3D--->4D) to produce one twist cycle (1 Quantum unit). Can both Matter and Energy be described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature? (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.) Mass= 1/Length, with each twist cycle of the 4D Hypertube proportional to Planck’s Constant. In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137. 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted. The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.) If quarks have not been isolated and gluons have not been isolated, how do we know they are not parts of the same thing? The tentacles of an octopus and the body of an octopus are parts of the same creature. Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. Are these the “Flux Tubes” being described by many Physicists today? When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. The "Color Force" is a consequence of the XYZ orientation entanglement of the twisted tubules. The two twisted tubule entanglement of Mesons is not stable and unwinds. It takes the entanglement of three twisted tubules to produce the stable proton. The term “entanglement” in this case is analogous to three twisted ropes being wrapped around each other in a way which causes all of the ropes to move if someone pulls one of the ropes. Does the phenomenon of “Asymptotic Freedom” provide evidence that this concept is the correct interpretation of the experimental data now available? Can the phenomenon of "Supercoiling" help explain the "Multiple Generations" of particles in the Standard Model? The conversion of twist to writhe cycles is well understood in the structure of DNA molecules. Within this model neutrinos are a small, twisted torus produced when a tube becomes overtwisted and breaks producing the small, closed loop of tube and a tube open on each end, which is shorter than the original. (Beta Decay)

detection of neutrinos from supernova SN1987a almost simultaneous with optical detection of emitted photons allow computation that neutrinos have mass and there is a ceiling to the value of 7:22 neutrino mass.

Generative models, especially those based on machine learning and deep learning techniques, are now being integrated into the analysis of data collected by LArTPCs. These models can be trained to simulate the behavior of particles and the detection process, generating realistic synthetic data that can be used to improve detector calibration, event reconstruction, and signal identification. By using generative modeling, researchers can better understand how data is affected by various noise sources, distortions, or inefficiencies in the detection process. One of the main advantages of employing generative models in LArTPCs is their ability to aid in the reconstruction of complex particle interactions. When particles pass through the liquid argon, they ionize the medium, creating ionization electrons that drift toward an electric field and generate an electrical signal on readout planes. Machine learning models can learn the underlying distributions of these signals and create synthetic datasets that mimic real interactions. This helps scientists validate algorithms, train detection systems more effectively, and develop new approaches for event reconstruction, especially when dealing with rare or low-signal events. Moreover, generative models can be used to address challenges related to data scarcity and enhance the sensitivity of LArTPC experiments. In scenarios where certain particle interactions are infrequent or hard to replicate in simulations, generative techniques can produce virtual data that fills in the gaps, enabling better training of predictive models and more robust analysis. This has direct benefits for improving detection efficiency, identifying subtle signals from rare processes, and enhancing the overall data analysis workflow.

Despite their importance, neutrinos remain one of the most elusive particles to study due to their weak interactions with matter.

MOND. Boom field of cosmology goes poof. Trillions wasted. Unless you find Hot Dark Matter. Then still MOND.

Hola Alfonso, espero te encuentres bien... pense que tal vez habias hecho las mediciones que mencionaste en el video 1... note la poca repercusion de los videos lo que puede ocasionar desistir de un video... asi que quisiera saber si hay mas proteccion de estos muones arriba de la montaña o mas cerca del mar... ¿algun material detiene mas que otro? y si estos se pueden concentrar en agua o alimentos... gracias... que tengas muy buena semana

Es curioso como la gente especializada usualmente tiende a disminuir audiencias... aunque parezca inocuo, inofensivo e inmutable el espacio... y seamos insensibles al caos infinito que acontece Vine por una secuencia de sucesos... me encanta el fenomeno ovni... veia que en muchos casos seres revisaban la superficie del terreno... advertian de un evento foraneo a la tierra que era inevitable y seria catastrofico para la vida sobre el planeta De ahi salte a unas curiosas marcas aborigenes alrededor del mundo... semejantes desde australia hasta mi pais... y que segun aficionados.... parece la estela de un explosion de una supernova.... el remanente de gas y luz presenciado por aborigenes... en lineas y puntos muy similares Salte a un evento no contaminado por la religion... la aparicion de garabandal... donde a unas niñas les traumaron con un evento "celestial" que se veria de toda parte... asi fuera de noche... y que todos percatarian.... luego del anuncio.... al año siguiente surgiria "el castigo" que hasta las niñas decian un infante seria mejor fallecer antes que sufrirlo luego Para continuar... pos lo del padre pio.... las famosas velas ... no salir ... no ver.... 3 dias de terror... etc Como no soy fanatico religioso... concibo que algo externo ya ha sucedido... con la tecnologia avanzada... de alguien diferente a nosotros... puede detectar una onda cosmica con la misma precision que un metereologo moderno vaticinar una tormenta tropical convertirse en huracan a cientos de kilometros de la costa... no necesita estar ahi... ver o tomar datos en la escena.... a miles de km con radares, sondas, satelites y hasta camaras... saber con ridicula precision "el futuro" Pero como comunicar esto a unos aborigenes atrasados que quieren ignorar a los avanzados... pos con imagenes y relatos que puedan asimilar... con algo que perdure y genere memoria social.... tristemente... en nuestra sociedad tiene mas eco un religioso que un cientifico... y ni mencionar el hermetismo medieval de la ciencia... que por poco y se parece a una religion PROSIGO.... Los antecedentes de culturas primitivas que comparten una imagen a traves del mundo.... distanciados desde Colombia hasta Australia.... implica es algo ANTROPOMORFICO... O CELESTIAL... que puede ser algo comun en todo humano... o que todo humano pudo verlo en su momento... mas que mundial... fue cosmico Ya se ha documentado una explosion de supernova... afecta no solo en radiacion.... sino visiblemente... pero afecto en el periodo plio pleistoceno,,,, MUONES en grandes animales y residuos de hierro 60 en el mar Asi como habia un miedo de que la explosion nuclear generara una cadena en la atmosfera... QUIEN SABE que efectos tendria una rafaga continua, fuerte y poderosa de BETELGEUSE.... LA ESTRELLA ROJA No solo afectaria lo invisible... como el campo defensivo... sino satelites... y no olvidemos el eco en nuestro sol... que yo imagino haria caer aviones y satelites con una facilidad pasmosa... COMO SI CAYERAN ESTRELLAS... Lo cual me llevo a su video... soy un ignorante mas del monton... detras de una curiosa secuencia de datos... imagine una relacion... pero minimo me mueve la curiosidad... vere sus otros videos para saber si las recomendaciones "servirian" de algo

Neutrino means "little neutral one" a name apparently suggested by Fermi.

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top tier lhc content

i need to make a simulation of 1st and 2st order fermi acceleration, do you have any suggestions?

Conservation of Spatial Curvature (both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature) Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. An artificial Christmas tree can hold the ornaments in place, but it is not a real tree. String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension? What did some of the old clockmakers use to store the energy to power the clock? Was it a string or was it a spring? What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine. Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: “We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr (lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958) The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with some aspects of the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”, and the work of Dr. Lisa Randall on the possibility of one extra spatial dimension? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics? When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if Quark/Gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks where the tubes are entangled? (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry. Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Gluons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change. ===================== Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons? Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension? Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons . Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Could the production of multiple writhe cycles help explain the three generations of quarks and neutrinos? If the twist cycles increase, the writhe cycles would also have a tendency to increase. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. ( Mass=1/Length ) The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge. Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137. 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted. The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.) How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter? Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles? I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. This topological Soliton model grew out of that simple idea. I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles. .

Thank you! This is very well made.

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The Ice Cube Neutrino😊

The Ice Cube Neutrino 😊

Good conversation.. The Ice Cube Neutrino

Nice talk❗

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*It is possible that the strongest interactions between dark matter and the Standard Model occur via the neutrino sector* 🤩

Excellent presentation.

this puts youtuber physics girl to shame, rock on queen