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I'm glad it was helpful for you!

Oof, respectfully disagree, my friend. I have done a lot of research on various measures of gun control and adding more guns to the mix has zero support within the literature in terms of any beneficial effects. Similarly, things like active shooter trainings, metal detectors, and armed security only lead to negative outcomes, with no measurable positive effect on reducing school violence or homicide. I would suggest seeking out some of the peer-reviewed research on the topic! Glad you found the rest of the video helpful!

This is an interesting point, as the dynamics often do involve an instigator (or aggressor in the case of sexual assault) and a more passive participant (or unwilling victim, in the case of sexual assault). However, don't be so quick to discount this dynamic within same-sex partners! While this might play into the idea of needing to be dominant in order to initiate sex, that is a very different scenario when the other person is either disinterested or actively fighting back (either verbally or physically). I can see this definitely playing into the justification that a rapist could use after the fact (or even in the moment), but someone without these proclivities would naturally feel bad or guilty (as well as upset or disappointed) if they perceived their advances as aggressive or unwanted.

I didn't see this message until now, but you absolutely can! Also, check out the rest of my channel, as I pretty much cover the gamut of Criminology theories!

Hi! 😀

Thanks! Glad you got something from it!

Thank you! I hope this video helped you in some way! 😊

@@SamanthaBalemba Yes offcourse

To clarify, the "men hating women" part is specific to the vindictive subtype within the Knight and Prentky (1990) typology. That description is based on how those authors described the men that fit into that category - while it may be a bit of a simplification on my part, it is not projection. And, as is denoted by the fact that this refers to a specific subtype, I did not purport this to describe the entire group of rapists. It is absolutely the case that the vast majority of rapists are men. That is without the requirement of penile penetration. However, if you have watched some of my other videos about this topic (if I don't say it here), I make it clear that, while the vast majority of rapists are men, the vast majority of MEN do not rape. It is a small proportion of the male population that is responsible for this type of behavior. So, I will respectfully correct you that I also would never "demonize half the planets [sic] population." I would also encourage you to check out one of my peer-reviewed articles that is entirely about the sexual victimization of men. It is titled "Male Sexual Victimization: Examining Variation in the Probability of Weapon Use and Victim Injury" and can be found in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence.

So glad that they're helpful to you! 🙂

UCR stands for the Uniform Crime Report. So, it's not a campus (or a place). It is just one means of gathering and reporting data at the national level. Although it has been phased out now and replaced by NIBRS.

Glad you found it helpful!

Hi Genny, Thanks for your interest and I'm glad the video was helpful to you. You can actually refer to my response to Chloe below, as she asked a very similar question (using the same text). I will echo what I said to her, though, which is that it is tough to differentiate research from evaluation because good evaluations ARE research. If done properly, a strong evaluation of any type still follows many of the same procedures as any other research method with many of the same requirements - the focus is simply on evaluating or assessing the needs or effects of a program. However, I will add that those who are conducting research to support the backbones of good programming do absolutely need to consider the pragmatic factors of programming as it will look "in the real world." Similarly, when creating and implementing evaluation protocols, evaluators cannot ignore these underlying justifications and support for the initial design of a program, as straying too far from these will introduce issues with validity and efficacy of the program.

You are very welcome!

You are very welcome! :)

That sounds like a harrowing, terrible experience. I hope you received help and, at the very least, are no longer with this person. I'm not sure where you are, but in the US, we have the National Sexual Assault Hotline that anyone can call no matter how long ago an assault occurred (1-800-656-4673).

You're very welcome! 😊

Oh and one more thing. Is there a term for someone who uses peer pressure and social context to commit crimes like this? A friend of mine was assaulted by an older more popular person. It was at a friends house and the perpetrator was a core member of the group of friends my friend relied on. When they were propositioned they had no option to refuse as if they did they would have become ostracized from the group they relied on. There wasn't any threats made, but the circumstances made it impossible to refuse without severe consequences. In short, the perp took advantage of the circumstances without fostering them. They didn't use drugs, or threats or force. Just the circumstance. Anything helps! edit: This would be some form of opportunistic rape, although I can't tell which type.

@@samurailobster6561 So, the most rapists are men comment mostly refers to the fact that convicted rapists are overwhelmingly men, which is what most of these typologies are based on. If we look at unreported rapes, there is a major "unknown" element there (since we literally don't know) that is really only tapped through victimization surveys. Victimization surveys (like the NCVS) are great for unearthing information about unreported crimes, but they have their drawbacks too (I actually did a video comparing the NCVS to NIBRS and self-report surveys - you can find that here: ruclips.net/video/0l7ABg3Ob5Q/видео.html&ab_channel=SamanthaBalemba). But even information gathered using victimization or self-report surveys still tend to find that the vast majority of sexual abusers are male. But, yes, there is definitely even more of a stigma for male victims of sexual assault (although, even in these cases, the perpetrator is just as likely to be male as female, so just because a victim is male doesn't mean the offender is female). As for the types of crimes, it is definitely the case that stranger assaults are by FAR the minority of assaults, whether the perpetrator is male or female. Sexual assaults are much more common between people who know each other. The only type that is likely to involve strangers are serial offenders (although they often begin with someone they know too). And, yes, your example is just one type of opportunistic rape (from the sounds of it). This is just one of many situations where coercion is used in lieu of overt force, but that is absolutely still a rape. Social pressure certainly constitutes a type of coercion. Also, Andrew Tate = yuck. Hopefully, this information helped you break down at least some of those ideas.

@@SamanthaBalemba Thank you!

I agree that the view of rapists as all the same (that "evil" view) is inaccurate. There are many different motivations for sexual assault, and many different factors that contribute to someone becoming an offender. And certainly, difficulty with women due to awkwardness or any other factor leads to frustration, which can result in someone turning to coercion to obtain sexual gratification.

I can't say I have a "favourite" type. Some are certainly more interesting to study than others, though.

I see. I've heard it's one of the most common female fantasies, so I wondered which type might be the most popular in those fantasies. I guess that could only be known with more studies. 📒📓📖📚🔍

@Nailea OlivasI understand but what I am still wondering is why it turns sexual in nature? Is it that we all are just acting cool at top surface that yeah we see women as another human beings and blah blah blah but deeply inside we still see them as sexual object?

@Nailea Olivas Maybe

I think the sexual element has to do with the sexualization of women in general, which has happened for pretty much all of human history. I'm not sure what the "R = WX" was supposed to represent, as regression equations are much more complicated than this (and to say if any two factors aren't present, would that make correlation or predictability zero? Of course not). But as for the more general question of whether men are lustful of women, I would say generally yes, at least if we are referring to men who sexually assault women. While sex is not always the main motivating factor, it is usually part of the equation - otherwise, anger or jealousy or whatever other emotion just results in physical assaults or some other type of expressive crime (like vandalism, for example). There is also the idea that this is a very powerful way to demonstrate control and power over a victim, so rape is an easy way to remind a victim of the power that the aggressor holds over them. Whether the main motivation for sexual assault is power, control, sex, or opportunity, it is still a sexual crime and, thus, inherently is at least partly about sex (or lust).

@@SamanthaBalemba Thank you so much for replying, it was really great knowing your opinion 😃

@@cg7521 You are very welcome. Sorry it took me so long! 🙂

You are very welcome! 😀

You're welcome! I'm so glad people are finding my videos useful! 😊

Hi Lucia. First of all, do you mean to say that education debt causes people to be more or less likely to graduate? Or are you saying that graduating from college causes debt? If it is the latter, then those variables should be switched. The way you have stated it now, you are saying that debt causes graduation (or, more likely, increasing debt reduces the likelihood of graduation). So, if you are proposing that debt causes graduation (or not), there are a lot of things that could affect that relationship, including some of those factors you mention. The only way you can really make sure that there is nonspuriousness (enough to say a causal relationship exists), is to control for each of those variables and see if a relationship still exists between the initial two variables. This is easier said than done, as the more variables you control for, the more likely that you'll see the initial significance drop (sometimes just by chance) unless that relationship was very strong to begin with. However, just because other variables are related doesn't mean your initial two are not, especially because very rarely is a social phenomenon caused by only a single factor. Sometimes you can explain intertwining relationships if a variable works as a moderator (working between two variables, as in debt leads to working more which leads to no graduation). That actually strengthens the initial claim of causality. Also, sometimes the relationship might just be stronger under certain conditions (e.g., debt is more likely to reduce graduation amongst groups who were already classified as lower class/low SES). This can also strengthen the initial claim. Some of this is where theory comes in as important to explain what these relationships look like (as well as some more advanced statistics)!

You are very welcome! Glad you found it helpful! 😊

It would also be really helpful if in the description you mentioned your sources.

@@azaniankabz8900 Most of these discussions come from my own education within criminological theory, so the sources would simply be the original works of these authors (for example, you can find a link to Cohen's book in my reply to an earlier comment). Was there something in particular that you're looking for?

You're very welcome! 😊

Our childhood can absolutely impact our whole lives (sometimes without us realizing it)!

You're very welcome! Glad it helped you!

Thank you so much!

Glad you enjoyed it! :)

Thank you! While there are some things that we can do to prevent rape on the larger scale (e.g., changing the culture of toxic masculinity) or the small scale (e.g., addressing sadistic sexual or rape fantasies), it is true that we can't always predict when or where or how it will occur. And I do hear the idea a lot that it is always about power - while it CAN be, this is not always the case. It just depends on the motivations of the perpetrator and the situational correlates (the latter especially for opportunistic rapists).

If you're referring to Cohen's work, yes, that is the way he discussed the topic. Keep in mind that he was talking about this in the mid 1950s. Check out the OJP link to a summary of his book here: www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/delinquent-boys-culture-gang You can also find the actual book on Amazon here: www.amazon.com/Delinquent-Boys-Albert-K-Cohen/dp/0029057701

Hi Chloe, Thanks for your question! Evaluations actually ARE a type of research - they are simply research that is very focused on a program evaluation. That means they will be set up similar to other research endeavors, incorporating relevant previous research/literature or evaluations of similar programs or policies that have been done previously. They will also follow the same standard in terms of research methodology, including ensuring validity, reliability, and generalizability in their design and implementation (even if the generalizability is only to a specific project or program, it would have to generalize beyond the actual data collected to future users of the program, for example). So, evaluation can't really be compared to research, as it IS research. Relatedly, this means it can be done with quant, qual, or mixed methods approaches, as it all depends on the design!

You are very welcome! Glad it helped! :)

It's not something that even Freud believed was entirely conscious. Also, it is not something that carries through to adulthood. This has to do with how we develop our sexuality as children. When we are that young, the most important people in our lives are our caretakers (usually parents), so that's why Freud believed that it made sense for our first attraction to be to those important people in our lives. This is akin to a young child saying they want to marry their Mom or Dad (which is very common). It doesn't mean they know anything about sexual activity or really what they're saying - rather, it has to do with the person/people they love the most in this world and they can't imagine ever loving anyone more.

I'm so glad it was helpful!

I am so glad you find them helpful! I have lots covering various topics in criminal justice/criminology, so definitely check them out at your leisure or as you need them. I am disheartened to hear that you have instructors that structure their classes this way with so little involvement. Do feel free to reach out to me directly if you ever need something specific explained in a way that is not too "textbook-y" and if I can help you, I absolutely will! My professional email is samantha.balemba@msun.edu.