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Memories are NOT stored anywhere... Time is an illusion so a brain engram is redundant to non morons.. it's why dying is safe.. wake up. Just because Rene Descartes mommy Told him he was a real boy doesn't mean you need to ma manufacture evidence to believe him. Everything is conscious.. BECAUSE of the uselessness of a brain. Especially these guys

My mother did the still face as a punishment to me as far back as I can remember. Displease her, and you dont exist. You're less than worthless. Never really thought much about it till this video. Side note, though: I cut contact with her five years ago, after 36 years of her shenanigans. Love your children.

Here is what Budson does not explain: Interaction with the Subconscious Both System 1 and System 2 interact with the subconscious, albeit in different ways. System 1 heavily relies on the subconscious, drawing from stored memories, experiences, and learned patterns to make quick, intuitive decisions without conscious effort. This subconscious processing allows for rapid responses to familiar situations and the ability to recognize patterns and emotions almost instantaneously. On the other hand, while System 2 is primarily engaged in conscious, deliberate thought, it also taps into the subconscious for information and insights that support its analytical processes. For instance, when solving a complex problem, System 2 might subconsciously retrieve relevant information and past experiences to inform its reasoning. Thus, the subconscious plays a crucial role in both systems, underpinning the fast, automatic responses of System 1 and the more deliberate, reflective processes of System 2.

I have so many questions about the way Budson is using Kahneman's System 1 & 2 this talk. I see a great advantage in employing Kahenman's System 1 & 2 approach to understanding brain activities. Kahneman's idea of System 1 and System 2, introduced in his book "Thinking, Fast and Slow," is a fundamental framework for understanding how humans think and make decisions. Here’s an overview: System 1: Fast, Automatic Thinking Characteristics: Automatic and Quick: Operates effortlessly and quickly, with little or no sense of voluntary control. Intuitive: Relies on intuition and gut feelings. Heuristic: Uses mental shortcuts (heuristics) to make decisions. Pattern Recognition: Identifies patterns and makes associations based on past experiences. Emotion-Driven: Often influenced by emotions and can react impulsively. Examples: Recognizing a friend's face in a crowd. Instinctively avoiding a car that suddenly swerves into your lane. Completing the phrase "bread and ..." (butter). Making quick judgments about people or situations. System 2: Slow, Deliberate Thinking Characteristics: Deliberate and Effortful: Requires conscious effort and attention. Analytical: Involves logical reasoning and systematic analysis. Rule-Governed: Follows rules and algorithms to arrive at a conclusion. Reflective: Capable of self-monitoring and critical thinking. Resource-Intensive: Consumes more mental resources and energy. Examples: Solving a complex math problem. Planning a trip itinerary. Comparing the pros and cons of different job offers. Learning a new language or skill. Interaction Between Systems Collaboration and Conflict: System 1 often provides quick responses and initial judgments. System 2 can endorse, modify, or override the outputs of System 1 when more thorough analysis is required. In many daily activities, System 1 handles routine tasks, while System 2 steps in for more complex or novel situations. Bias and Errors: System 1 can lead to cognitive biases because of its reliance on heuristics and quick judgments. For instance, it may succumb to the availability heuristic, where decisions are influenced by readily available information rather than all relevant data. System 2 can correct these biases but is often lazy and tends to accept the suggestions of System 1 without scrutiny, leading to errors in judgment. Relevance to Consciousness Kahneman's distinction between System 1 and System 2 provides insight into different levels of cognitive processing and how they contribute to conscious and unconscious thought: Consciousness and Awareness: System 1 operates largely outside of conscious awareness, making it an example of how unconscious processes influence behavior. System 2 is closely associated with conscious thought, deliberation, and self-awareness. Memory and Experience: The interaction between these systems can explain why we might remember certain experiences more vividly than others (the influence of System 1) and how we rationalize and make sense of these experiences (the work of System 2). Decision-Making: Understanding the dynamics between System 1 and System 2 helps explain why we often make quick, intuitive decisions in everyday life but rely on slow, deliberate thinking for more significant, complex choices. Practical Implications Improving Decision-Making: Awareness of these systems can help individuals and organizations design better decision-making processes, recognizing when to rely on intuition and when to engage in more thorough analysis. Behavioral Interventions: Interventions can be designed to mitigate cognitive biases by encouraging the activation of System 2 in situations where System 1's heuristics might lead to errors. Here’s a brief outline distinguishing fast (System 1) and slow (System 2) processes: Fast Processes (System 1) Automatic: Processes that happen without conscious thought. Recognizing faces. Detecting emotions in facial expressions. Instinctive reactions (e.g., pulling your hand away from a hot surface). Intuitive: Decisions based on gut feelings. Making snap judgments about a situation or person. Deciding whether something is familiar. Heuristic-Based: Using mental shortcuts. Estimating likelihood based on available examples (availability heuristic). Making quick, rough estimates (e.g., visualizing the number of people in a crowd). Pattern Recognition: Quickly identifying patterns. Understanding spoken language in your native tongue. Interpreting common social cues and behaviors. Emotion-Driven: Reactions influenced by emotions. Feeling immediate fear when seeing a snake. Experiencing joy when receiving a compliment. Slow Processes (System 2) Deliberate: Processes that require conscious effort. Solving complex math problems. Weighing the pros and cons of a major decision. Analytical: Logical reasoning and detailed analysis. Analyzing data to draw conclusions. Creating a budget or financial plan. Rule-Governed: Following systematic procedures. Following a recipe or set of instructions step-by-step. Engaging in scientific research or hypothesis testing. Reflective: Self-monitoring and critical thinking. Reflecting on personal beliefs and values. Critiquing an argument or piece of writing. Resource-Intensive: Requires significant mental resources. Learning a new language or complex skill. Engaging in deep, focused reading and comprehension.

Terrific talk. Current theories of consciousness focus on 'sentience' and "qualia' and ignore function. Wild, untamed philosophy. This approach makes much more sense.

Amnesia patients aren't "conscious?" The real problem of consciousness is how one defines it. Does consciousness mean an awake state of being where one is experiencing (as opposed to being sedated or in a coma)? In this case, an amnesia patient would be described as "conscious" if they are alert and can answer questions, even if their memories are unavailable.

Even after years, this video does not stop amazing me. Simple experiment, yet captures gold when it comes to human development. The video itself is not prescriptive in any way, just shows how the dance between a caregiver and their child goes. Yet, make us wonder (yes, science came up with answers already) about what might happen (to both caregiver and child) as a result of repeated responsive/unresponsive interactions. I often watch this video, and always feel the pleasure and awe of (re)discovering the beauty of these mechanisms, as well as how things ended up working out (or not) for humans and many living beings in this world.

Wow. Almost 100 pixels. Stunning resolution

I couldn't do this with a stranger's child at a super market, far less my own child.

None of the actions described at 22:14 can be done if one is not physically conscious and able to move. For a person who is unconscious only vital organs like heart, lungs keep working for some time which can be pretty long. But that person, even if dehydrating, cannot do all the necessary chores to quench his his/her thirst. Doing of those actions might look automatic because one has done that many many times. I teach Physics. I can write board after board deriving equations from first principles and drawing graphs etc. without looking at a piece of paper. I can only do that as second nature because I have been doing such for forty years. I cannot even write F = ma if and when I faint. It has happened to me several times. F = ma was not erased from my memory. I just could not access my memory when physically unconscious

ridiculously underrated. amazingly free.

Conscious Action explained Based on the information they capture with their senses, living beings with brains manage a utilitarian mental representation of the conditions that currently take place in their relevant material environment. This Mental Correlate is a kind of “photograph” of what is happening in the Present in the relevant material environment of the Individual, a Mental Correlate that we will call “Reality of the Individual”. Life experience, stored in the brain, allows us to give meaning to what is perceived. At the same time, as Pavlov demonstrated, life experience allows us to project eventual future states of the individual's relevant environment, generating expectations of action. Information from the Past, the Present and an eventual Future is managed by the brain. It is evident that the brain makes a utilitarian distinction between the Past, the Present and the projection of an eventual future. Human language allows us to incorporate into the mental correlate events and entities that are not necessarily part of what happens in the world of matter, which gives an unprecedented “malleability” to the Reality of the Individual. For the unconscious, everything is happening in the Present. When a child, whom I will call Pedrito, listens to the story of Little Red Riding Hood, said entity is integrated into the Reality of the Individual. In turn, for the child, this entity is “very real”; he does not need his eyes to see it to incorporate it into his mental correlate of the relevant environment. Thanks to our particular language, authentic “immaterial and timeless worlds” have a place in the Mental Correlate of the relevant environment. In the first four years of life, the child is immersed in an ocean of words, a cascade of sounds and meanings. At this stage, a child hears between seven thousand and twenty-five thousand words a day, a barrage of information. Many of these words speak of events that occur in the present, in the material world, but others cross the boundaries of time and space. There is no impediment so that, when the words do not find their echo in what is happening at that moment in Pedrito's material environment, these words become threads that weave a segment of the tapestry of the Reality of the Individual. Just as the child's brain grants existence to the young Little Red Riding Hood when the story unfolds before him, similarly, when the voices around him talk about tomorrow and a beach with Pedro, as happens for example when his mother tells him says: -“Pedrito, tomorrow we will go for a walk to the beach”- the child's mind, still in the process of deciphering the mysteries of time, instantly conjures the entity Pedrito, with his feet on the golden sand, in the eternal present of childhood. Although over time a strong association between the entity Pedrito and his body is established in the child's brain, a total fusion between said entity and the child's body can never take place, since for the Unconscious the bodily actions of Pedrito They only take place in the Present, while the entity Pedrito is able to carry out actions in authentic timeless and immaterial worlds. The entity Pedrito is what we call the Being, and we know its action as Conscious Action.

38:15 crazy.... your conscious mind thinks of its itself as the conscious part but you mostly do the unconscious stuff

I don’t know why is I can’t see the videos of each subject.

This seems to agree with all of the examples used in Robert Sapolsky's argument against free will.

This lecture is tainted by the false idea of the primacy of consciousness, i.e., that the mind creates parts or the whole of its objects. The logical gap in argumentation is very clear: direct perception is delayed perception; delay does not mean that the mind fabricates percepts, as the implication of the talk goes. Obviously, nothing happens in an instant, and recent perception does condition later perception in all sorts of ways. But this does not mean that perception is indirect. It is direct *and* delayed, and that's not a contradiction. The process that forms perceptions does not temper with the content - the 'what am I perceiving' - it just grasps it *through* a short duration of activity of sense organs and the nerve system. The issue of models, ideas, and expectations is truly bizarre and taken straight out of Kant. How on earth can you move from perception taking time to perception depends on prior concepts? That's a gigantic illogical leap. Our conceptual knowledge is activated very quickly when we perceive and is applied to the percepts, but it does not change the perceptions. Think, for example, of a doctor: he sees certain symptoms, and his mind immediately concludes that this man has scurvy. I see the same person in approximately the same manner, but I don't conclude that about him because I am ignorant of medicine. You see? Same perceptions, different conceptual awareness. We both *perceive* the same thing, but we have different concepts. So, concepts can not participate in the mechanics of perception. The latter is physiological. I think this comes from a basic equivocation found all over this talk: you equivocate memory with delayed effects on consciousness. That can't be right. A stimulus can be registered in the body and only form finished awareness after a short while, but that can be something like the hysteresis of the system. For example: at the turn of the switch, the car is not yet running. But this does not mean that the car has memory in a literal sense in the state of being able to be driven of the switch being turned. It's just that the turning of the switch came to fruition only sometime after in the state of the car. Memory is more than this kind of delayed response and registration. It is more complex and psychological. This is why you took a Kantiam turn in your talk: you equate falsely memories that do involve concepts (in humans) with this kind of time-taking perception of motion and change etc.

Thank you for this presentation. I'm in a different field but have been making this argument for about ten years. So credible explanation from within the field will help other fields that require this explanation in order to disabuse others of their ... shall we say, philosophical or pseudoscientific priors.

Mind blowing

This talk is enlightening; sheds so much light into consciousness and our internal unconscious processes and how the mind and mindfulness practices can train our unconscious; light on subconscious and unconscious communication that can be happening outside our awareness, but that we can however train... Super empowering...

A lot of this is obvious to musicians. When you play music on say the piano there’s no way you can be consciously aware of the keys you are hitting. Matter of fact if you think about the next note then you are likely to get lost since you are not playing with your conscious mind, something else, maybe your soul.

Agree with all of the set-up, but by 14 min he is talking about the theory of why, and it's wrong. Self-awareness is a side effect of our ability to communicate abstract ideas. Consciousness is not some grand thing, just a grand term that invites grand explenations (that fail).

“First, there was the deed” -Goethe

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Consciousness as part of a process of encoding experience would be the more precise way of expressing this notion. "consciousness as a memory system" seems to imply that memory is the end result or objective, but encoded experiences act as templates for future actions or as comparisons to current experience. The process is for extracting/adjusting our causal understanding to use as templates in future instances. In the process of extracting/adjusting/encoding the bound synchronous activation through the ensembles is experienced as consciousness. We know that recalling a memory is actually rewriting the template. This is an effortful process!

10:37 dos tipos de qualia: sensibles y volitivos .. y entre medias, la memoria?

Dementia’s positives are, at least at the beginning of the illness, under rated! You only need one book and one movie and one beautiful spot to visit! Every time it is a new experience! Not to mention the selective amnesia about people who you should not have known in the first place. Eviction time!

Interested to see how the variance between neurotypical and autistic saccadic suppression would impact these sensorimotor delays. The overactive amygdala may excessively interpret incoming data due to differing frame rates.

I watched this lecture right after I watched the "Consciousness as a memory system" lecture, also on this channel. It's interesting to think that one might never actually be consciously aware of having decided to "pull the trigger" as it were. By the time the ultimate decision had been made, and the action completed, there would *be* no consciousness left to retcon the action. Or perhaps I'm just misunderstanding. But it's an interesting thought.

I would love to further discuss your findings with regard to trauma and childhood adaptivity to adversity. I believe this could be linked with Vagal theory to help explain a child's innate resilience, also what could also be a great contributor to dissociation, psychosis and/or schizoaffective disorders.

Whole "view" of my (and all) mind(s) destroyed and can't make a new view. Now completely LOST, thanks doc!

American people ared doing illigak crimbthis country that way it clop to poor inlife rigt new goss ur sex future

"promosm" 🌷

The hold wants a drop off driver to donate bagged salads to each door in it who will receive the BOOOD.

You: 50 ways to see letters ✉️ 💌. I cannot stay to what others do. There's a lot of erring to how ones own eyes adapt incoming bits of logic. Headlines work wonders

awesome video, you should try 600 mg trileptal and 1 mg risperdal, it could work for anyone

A relative ( in her late 80s) in a nursing home with muscle weakness, loss of speech ( for a few years) and poor swallowing was given an anticholinergic medicine to reduce secretions ( a more recent condition). A side effect of this was she was able to speak again! Magic! Unfortunately after a short while on the anticholinergic medicine her speech got very fast and she got agitated so the medicine was stopped. Perhaps a slow releas form would have been better or a different route of administration?This wasn't looked into. This relative unfortunately died a few months later. Her return of speech wasn't looked into carefully enough we felt. This is often the case unfortunately in a busy nursing home whose focus is not research. Anyway this information may be of use to you in your research. The anticholinergic seemed to waken up the brain, then speed it up too much.. Sharing information across fields of medicine is so important.

if alcohol ameliorates schizophrenia symptoms (before it intoxicates and makes condition worse), should researchers look at what receptors alcohol affects? Fish oils in the correct ratio can do similarly from what I know? Also suggest, looking at processing speed generally in the population, as too slow or too fast may predispose a person to psychosis. Slow processing speed seems to facilitate system overload in the brain and the left brain? kicks in semi uninhibited and invents a reality while the system is in overload. People with slow processing speed perhaps need to be identified and taught how to live differently / take precautions in order not to overload the system?

Do you think that the imaging of the brain, getting more and more exact, will be able to see exactly what clozapine is doing in the brain?

Hello, keep up the work. From what you said, I think you will be interested this channel 👉 #drjohnaking. I find him instructional and practical.

I was listenig to you 5 min .is it true that schizoprenics are disturbing people for no reason

great presentation! congratulations !!

Treat with anti parasites They have parasites Longterm treatment but they heal I realized it was parasites because her episodes had a schedule One year later family member almost back to normal

If you have suffer from mostly negative symptoms ipseity disturbance no thoughts in head and thought disorder (schizotypy) or only anhedonia and all it’s symptoms, not even aware of any positive symptoms would something like Ulotaront work?

I keep hearing references to acetycholine and cholinesterase. I take mestinon for myasthenia gravis, which keeps the synapse point active. I took it during my pregnancy and my son now has schizophrenia. Is there any connection, or would mestinon help or hinder schiz symptoms. I'm a non'doctor.