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@@jkyuro will do as soon as I get a chance.

@@jkyuro Thank you for your patience! Here is the explanation: The vertebral artery gives rise to the anterior spinal artery. The anterior spinal artery supplies the ipsilateral cranial nerve XII (the hypoglossal nerve) and its nucleus that is located in the medial aspect of the medulla. Thus, blockage of the anterior spinal artery or its parent vertebral artery will cause paresis of the lateral aspect of tongue that is on the same side of the medullary lesion. As a result, the weak/paralyzed side of the tongue will be pulled away from the side of lesion, because the opposite side muscles are stronger. This is why the tongue deviates to the opposite side. I hope this helps.

Hi, The first step is to see a speech language pathologist at a hospital and request a voice evaluation. When we do voice evaluations we use objective and very accurate measurements. There are several areas that need to be evaluated, including (and not limited to) breathing and air pressure in lungs, airways, and vocal tract, laryngoscopy, pitch measurements, etc. We also prob psychological factors that may be influencing voice, such as stress, anxiety, etc. in the end, we piece results together and come up with a diagnosis. In over 90% of voice cases, we can identify the cause and we can treat the problem, even if it psychological. Health insurance covers the evaluation and the treatments. So, go ahead and reach out to a voice specialist at your local hospital or a major university clinic, and hopefully you will get the help you need. I wish you the best!

@@AZ-sv8yg thank you for the info

Hi, I recommend that you look for the nearest University near you and see if there is a speech-language hearing clinic. You will get excellent intervention. If you do not have a place near you, look for the otolaryngology center at any local hospital. They usually have speech pathologists on the staff and they have the required equipment for diagnosing and monitoring. I wish you the best!

Thanks a lot!@@AZ-sv8yg I've gone to an otolaryngology centre but I'm waiting for their referral to a speech therapist, which could take months, so I'm trying to find a psycologist with experience on voice disorders but it's proving a bit difficult! hopefully I'll find something soon! Thank you again!

وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته... شكراً على التعليق. حقيقة لم أنشر هذه المحاضرات إلا بسبب الضروروة. الجامعة التي كنت أعمل بها سابقا لم يكن لديها إمكانيات تسجيل محاضرات وإتاختها لطلاب الجامعة في نظام مغلق, ولذلك لجأت حينها لليوتوب. وللأسف الشديد لا أجد الوقت لنشر هذا المحتوى بالعربية.

Thank you so much Billy! I truly appreciate your comment and am happy that you find the videos helpful/interesting.

وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله يا أخي العزيز شكرًا على رسالتك. للتوضيح انا لست طبيبًا ، بل أخصائي وبروفيسور امراض تخاطب. هناك اسباب عدة لعدم الإنتباه، منها جانب يتعلق بظروف الحمل والولادة والجينات الوراثية، ومنها ما يتعلق بقلة النوم او التعرض لإستنشاق عوادم التدخين أو مشاكل سابقة أو آنية في الأذن الوسطى والسمع… العلاج الأنجح هو الذي يقوم على تشخيص جيد للسبب، فمثلًا ان كان السبب المحتمل هو قلة النوم او مشاكل سمعية او تضخم في الغدة النخامية يمكن العلاج الفعال وتلاشي المشكلة في فترة. بالنسبة للجانب المتعلق بظروف الولادة لو كانت مبكرة او كان الحبل السري قد التف حول رقبة الطفل اثناء الولادة او انفض الكيس المليء بالسائل الذي يعيش فيه الجنين او خلل جيني، في مثل هذه الحالات أنجح طرق العلاج تكون قائمة على علاج صيدلي وعلاج سلوكي في نفس الوقت. العلاج السلوكي هو الذي يبني مهارات تبقى على طول المدى وتحسن الوضع بينما العلاج الصيدلي مثل الحبوب تأثيره فقط آني، ان توقف عنه الطفل يومًا واحدًا نرى نفس الأعراض قد عادت، اما السلوكي فأثره يبقى لسنوات. أنجح طرق العلاج السلوكي والتي هدفها تغيير الشبكات الدماغية وإعادة ربطها بشكل أكثر فعالة، هي طريقة متعددة الأغراض اسمها Cognitive Behavior Therapy يمكنك ان تعرف عنها اكثر او عملت بحث عى جوجل وزرت موقع رابطة المعالجين السلوكين Cognitive behavior therapy association. أتمنى لك ولبنتك كل التوفيق ان شاء الله، والسلام عليكم

Thank you for your kind words! I really appreciate it.

Hi Kamma, Thank you for your comment. I am glad you found the videos helpful. Here are several suggestions that you will find very good. -If you are looking for an indepth, full extensive exploration of speech, language, hearing and swallowing A&P, please refer to: Seikel, Drumright, & Hudock (2021). The book is called Anatomy and Physiology for Speech, Language and Hearing. It also has an extensive chapter on swallowing and feeding. -If you are looking for the basics, the same authors have Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology for Communication Disorders. The 2013 edition is the most recent. -If you are looking for neuroanatomy and physiology, the best book will be Kandel et al (2021) Principles of Neural Science. The book (exceeding 1600 pages, looks intimidating, but is easier to read than any book out there on the subject. I base the content of my undergrad neuro course on this text. In my opinion, any graduate CD student should own this book and read all that applies to speech, language, hearing, emotional regulation, learning and memory.

@@AZ-sv8yg thank you so much sir for solving my doubt

Not possible without surgery.

But I saw some of my friends who reduced naturally I think it's related to testosterogen Am I right sir,

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@@shubhamkr1551 @

Thank you Ashu! I am very glad you find them helpful.

@@AZ-sv8yg yes sir your videos are very much helpful for me to learn developmental Neurobiology

Sure, please contact me at aabdelal@bridgew.edu, and I will be happy to send you the PPts.