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No, it’s the reaction of 68% nitric acid with copper. Fuming nitric acid has white fumes.

Probably. You’d have to use higher voltage rated parts and a larger ballast.

Azeotropic nitric acid boils at 121°C

It might be, but I don’t have any that would react too violently. If I have an acid leak, I’d rather have bases nearby to neutralize it. The most important things not to store together is flammables and oxidizers.

Good idea!

That should work, but the insoluble calcium sulfate is a huge pain to deal with. I’ve heard of people having it destroy glassware. I would recommend reacting the calcium nitrate with sodium carbonate to form sodium nitrate and calcium carbonate, which can be filtered off, and the sodium nitrate crystallized.

@@RiehlScience Thank you very much! I am trying to make cheaper ingredients for Tollens reagent to mirror a glass. I need a semi-transparent mirror for my project, but it's very hard to get. 1 company that sells mirroring chemicals is angelgilding, but they are so expensive. And silver nitrate is annoyingly expensive. Also flinnsci uses ammonium nitrate, which is also hard to get. Others use just ammonia, but I understood that it's really ammonia hydroxide. I bought that one as a cleaning chemicals, but no idea if it will work. So I wonder how to produce them.

I doubt cleaning ammonia will be concentrated enough. Usually it’s around 3-5%. You can get extra strength ammonia that’s around 10%, but even that might not be enough. Concentrated ammonia solution (25%) can be made by reacting ammonium sulfate and calcium hydroxide (both common fertilizers) and bubbling the ammonia gas into water.

@@RiehlScience Thank you very much.

@@RiehlScience "ammonia solution (25%) can be made by reacting ammonium sulfate and calcium hydroxide" Urea is a cheaper option & will decompose to Ammonia gas Around 135C.

Because fuming nitric acid is a pain to store and work with, so 68% is used whenever possible.

@@RiehlScience "Because fuming nitric acid is a pain to store and work with, so 68% is used whenever possible." You can always dilute it for storage.

@ You can, but when distilling RFNA a ton of nitrogen dioxide is produced.

That's too bad, nitrates have a lot of interesting chemistry. In the U.S. they're not illegal yet, but they have been getting harder to find.

State is a big enemy of the free citizens.

Like China has a terrorism problem. Maybe they should prohibit poor infrastructure construction. Now that would save many lives!

That's a unique problem! Let me guess, they banned nitrates but not nitric acid?

@RiehlScience well you get a gold star! Lol! That's exactly why.

Haha, yes! I'm thinking about making a video on perchloric acid, which is like nitric, but even stronger and more explosive!

Most compounds that rapidly decompose require much higher concentration of HNO3.

@@guytech7310 oh fair enough, would it be possible to boil off the water by creating a partial vacuum?

It might be possible to break the azeotrope at a different pressure, but it’s much easier to just not add the water and distill over pure nitric acid.

@ Easier way to make Conc NHO3 is to use the same process, but just not add any water to the boiling flask. Using NH3NO3 would also work better than KNO3\NANO3. There are dozens of YT videos how to make conc. HNO3.

I even discarded a little bit that came over first (not necessary). If you keep everything, the yield is close to 95%.

Compared to radium, yes; compared to a regular plate, it's pretty radioactive.

@ compared to a lot of radioisotopes,but specifically this plate is pretty low activity for fiestaware, mine reaches about 18kcpm ,mine has a higher uranium 235 content

@@TheGammaScout It depends on the Geiger counter, mine can only detect beta and gamma

@@RiehlScience I used the same detector and got 18kcpm

@@TheGammaScout I bet mine was made with depleted uranium. I do have another plate (not fiesta) that’s significantly more radioactive (>7500 cpm)

Sounds just like the video, a soft buzzing sound. It’s interrupted at 60 Hz because it’s powered directly off 120v mains.

@@pickle879 I’m honestly thinking of making some to refute the ammonia/bleach myth. Though, RUclips hates “chemical weapons” so it would definitely get taken down.

@@RiehlScience yeah sadly it wouldnt make it past a few days here

LEAVE NO WITNESSES

@@PolyEthylenTerephtalat I did add a pinch of potassium dichromate, but I don’t think it’s necessary.

@@RiehlScience so apparently one can just use table salt (NaCl, makes sense ig) thanks anyway :D

@@RiehlScience how much sodium bromide did you use

@@PolyEthylenTerephtalat The starting solution was 100g sodium bromide and about 150 mL of water.

@@RiehlScience thanks

Copy the link and paste it into your search engine. That should work.

Check the description. Also, if you add a triac voltage regulator to the AC input, it significantly increases the arc length (as shown in one of my other videos).

Try it at a friend’s house

@@RiehlScience yes.

Thanks! Surprisingly the graphite electrodes held up very well - not much erosion. I’m going to test them in a chlorate cell next.

It’s a modified version of the Labcoatz SSTC: www.instructables.com/Simplest-POWERFUL-Solid-State-Tesla-Coil-SSTC/ The addition of a triac voltage regulator to the input is the key. It more than doubles the arc length, and allows for variable power.

There’s many kinds that look very similar but have no uranium.

I just spoke to my brother and it seems you might be right, he insisted that it was not genuine fiestaware, it was only intended to look like fiestaware

@@drewphilip Even some of the Fiestaware brand, made after a certain year, contains no uranium.

If you lived in the east coast early 90's 80's and earlier most likely you came across these and tons of other radioactive clocks, toys and more sadly

@@DubbPPwell yah those plates were from 95-97, and we lived in Long Island

Uranium glass is generally a lot safer as it has less than 1/10 the uranium concentration of the glazed stuff. The biggest problem is with acidic foods that can leach small amounts of uranium and lead from the glaze.

@@RiehlScience Yes you should never actually eat or drink from uranium glazed ceramic or uranium glass tableware of any kind. I’m just saying you don’t need to wear gloves while handling either one as the type of radiation emitted cannot penetrate your skin. It’s only harmful if enough particles are inhaled or ingested.

I'm not sure I'd call it "safe" to eat off of these. But generally, they are low risk.

Fiestaware brand?

@@RiehlScience Yea says genuine Fiesta Homer Laughlin china co USA QQC Lead free on the back. I’ve been using these since I was a kid. Yikes, new fear discovered

Not all of them are radioactive. You need a Geiger counter to know for sure if yours is or not. I have a bunch that are both radioactive and not radioactive.

@@BackYardScience2000 That’s right. Fiestaware still makes them, and they sure don’t use uranium anymore.

I know, it’s a joke😁

Thanks! 👍

I never thought of that! That somewhat intense alpha radiation should fairly effectively sterilize the plate.

@@RiehlScienceit’s just as good as sterility your own cell

​@RiehlScience try an experiment to see if any samples from it grow on agar

Hey, that’s a good idea! Too bad I’m inept when it comes to biology.

@@RiehlScience same I just stick to gamma spectroscopy and maybe a few other experiments here and there that are nuclear and particle physics related buy nothing like biology (I can't even keep a plant alive unless it's a succulent)

The microwave bit was a joke :) The radiation isn’t high enough to be dangerous, but you wouldn’t want to eat off it often because of the toxicity of uranium.

​@@RiehlScience the chemical toxicity is about the same as lead but it's sealed in the glaze however the lead content is pretty high and lead is easier to leach I did an experiment after asking a family that used to eat off these for decades and they are in there 80s and their kids are in their 50s and 60s but that was 6 people that are healthy for their age but more people would be better to figure out the statistics of it

It seems there’s some uncertainty about the toxicity of uranium. Some sources say multiple grams, others claim 50 mg is enough to cause complete kidney failure.

You’re right, radiation isn’t the biggest problem. The problem is the toxicity of uranium, which is higher than lead.

It’s been estimated that using a plate like this regularly could cause you to consume *a quarter gram* of uranium per year.

@@RiehlScience sounds like free immensely dense calories

Except that uranium contains zero calories that your body can use - sure it contains tons of energy, but humans don’t yet have the capability to perform nuclear fission in the digestive tract.

@@RiehlScience twas a joke I'm afraid

I got it. I said that because there’s this common misconception going around that uranium contains vast amounts of energy usable by humans.

Sure! Tastes like kidney failure

The ceramic would cut through the digestive tract leading to death extremely quick and slow at the same time

That’s why you chew thoroughly 😁

Just like the Founding Fathers intended.

Electrical plasma is usually purple - at lower powers. At this amount of amperage (>500 mA) it instead is orange or white.

Yes! I have about 50 videos planned out, I’m waiting until I have the time and resources. The next few weeks I’ll be busy with getting ready for Open Sauce (RUclipsr maker convention). I should have my first video out sometime next month. The shorts are just experimental, and I already learned a lot from them.

@@RiehlScience hopefully you will film some open sauce footage!

@@MattsProductions I plan on it! Btw, you can find my exhibit on the Open Sauce website. It’s the big SSTC I showed in a previous video.

I added some ethanol after distilling it. Definitely don’t want any phosgene!

Someone’s been watching Nile red videos again…