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They don’t even fully utilize the full 512kB. There’s a lot of empty, unused space on the memory chip and the data is even repeated. It’d be interesting to see if newer drives’ firmware code has gotten any longer or shorter, and how firmware size is impacted by the type of drive. I bet drives that implement shingling, for instance, have more extensive firmware code than drives that don’t utilize cylinders so close together that sectors from neighboring cylinders overlap.

The Holy Grail of hard drive data recovery is firmware. Understanding how the firmware works unlocks the keys to everything. I wish I could explain in detail the purpose and behavior of every line of firmware code but to do that, one either needs access to proprietary manufacturer data or the ability to reverse engineer the firmware (like what ACELab and DeepSpar do). It is remarkable that the manufacturers get hard drives working using such little firmware code. I would have assumed they would have needed much more than 512kB, as well.

@@it-sd -- what is the manufacturing date on the drive you were working with?

@toddb930 The Date Code is “13177”. I’m assuming that means it’s the 177th day in 2013, so late May or very early June 2013.

Yes. When running a scan in R-Studio, all good sectors will be read. After completing a scan, R-Studio shows for all files found how many sectors a file should have, have many sectors were read successfully, and the chances of recovering that file. All complete files (files with no bad sectors) will work properly. However, if a hard disk has some bad sectors: 1. Some files may not work if they are missing sectors of data. 2. The hard disk may not boot if the boot partition is missing sectors of data.

@@it-sd do you have solution,? Because i have a HDD and SSD trouble bad sector. The problem is sometime can read and not read. 🙏

@ryoutomo4695 I would strongly suggest you stop using your HDD and SSD and take them to a data recovery business as soon as possible. A data recovery business will (hopefully) have the hardware, software, and knowledge necessary to recover as much data as possible from both types of drives. They will be able to read data from both the good and sometimes good sectors. If that is not possible, using only data recovery software like R-Studio may be able to help you recover data from only the good sectors that are still working properly. I would also strongly suggest you stop using the failing HDD and SSD to prevent more possible data loss. The more you use them, the more sectors can go bad and become unreadable.

Thanks in advance. Do you have email. I want learning from you.🙏

@ryoutomo4695 youtube@it-sd.com

Can you help

License change? I'm not sure what you mean by that. Can you explain any further?

@@it-sd he asked about does this app wants licence key while using?

@KratiAgrawal-yx5vs R-Studio is free to download and many features are free to use, but if you want to recover any files found that are larger than 256KB, then you need pay for a licensed version of the program. More specifically, anyone can download and use R-Studio for free to scan the file system for and scan the entire hard drive (scrape, carve) for files. However, the free license version only allows people to recover files up to 256KB in size. If you want to be able to recover files larger than 256KB, then you need to buy a paid version.

@ashiqurrahman5304 Thank you for your help! It is much appreciated!

If you’re working on a really old memory device (20+ years old), it may not use XOR. If that’s the case, try using the bitwise inversion instead of the XOR. Otherwise, unfortunately most modern Flash memory utilize an XOR algorithm. Oftentimes, this means ACELab has not reverse engineered the exact memory device (chip ID) you have yet, and thus they don’t have or don’t know yet which XOR algorithm to use. You can always try to apply other XOR algorithms for similar size and manufacturer memory and hope you find one that works. Also, I’ve had good success sometimes scanning for ECC codes and correcting using ECC before applying the XOR algorithm. See if you can find the ECC codes and correct the data using ECC, and then try to find the XOR algorithm used. Lastly, it may just take ACELab some time before they do eventually reverse engineer the specific memory you have. Keep updating your PC-3000 Flash application and maybe in the future you’ll be able to come back to this data recovery and finish it. Best of luck! If you have any other questions, please feel free to ask.

@@it-sd for me ,my controller is SM2263XT for SSD and the chip i am reading is BGA132 for Same SSD but unfortunately i can not find the controller it in XOR list ,what can i do?i finished already reading process

@JONTECHRwandaltd I’m so sorry but the reason you cannot find the XOR for the SM2263XT is that controller is a SSD controller and the PC-3000 Flash is only for USB Flash drives; and Secure Digital (SD), microSD (trans Flash), and Compact Flash (CF) memory cards. For SSD Flash memory, including SATA and NVMe SSDs, you need a different production solution altogether - either the ACELab PC-3000 UDMA, Express, or Portable III with the additional SSD package. It would be great if we could complete all Flash data recoveries with just the one PC-3000 Flash product but ACELab has it broken into two.

@@it-sd i see, i even talked with their customer support and they told me that they no longer work with SSD CHIP-OFF approaches since PC3000 III portable does the job ,

@@it-sd thank you for your support and guide,i made sure i subscribed on your channel for future help from you

www.r-studio.com/

github.com/nofeletru/UsbAsp-flash/

@@it-sd looked at git last night, came up with long list of variants, did not know which one.

@Salman-sc8gr github.com/nofeletru/UsbAsp-flash/releases/tag/v2.0.4 Under Assets, download: ASProgrammer_2.0.4.zip. Direct Download Link: github.com/nofeletru/UsbAsp-flash/releases/download/v2.0.4/AsProgrammer_2.0.4.zip

@it-sd Thanks much,also what windows system is OK,32 64 and memory etc?

@Salman-sc8gr ASProgrammer is a small, 32-bit application so it should run on both the 64-bit and 32-bit versions of Windows. Using Windows 10, it only uses 3.3MB of memory while running. I’m not sure if it will work on versions of Windows older than Windows 10 but it probably will.

You’re very welcome! I would not use the CH341a to read a 2.5V powered memory chip. It may work but I would be concerned the 3.3V produced by the CH341a would overpower your 2.5V memory chip and damage it. I have a 3.3V to 1.8V adapter for use with the CH341a but I was not able to locate a similar 2.5V adapter for sale. Will your 2.5V memory chip run on 1.8V? If it will, get the 1.8V adapter and you’ll be good. If not, there must be ways to both modify the Ch341a to safely power memory chips at 2.5V and create a 3.3V to 2.5V adapter board.

@@it-sd I’m not sure it’ll run on 1.8v, it might do but will search for a 2.5v adapter then. Many thanks 👍🏻

@fabioisolano256 You’re welcome 😀, and best of luck! Please let me know how everything works out and if you locate a 2.5V adapter (I’d like to get one, too 😏).

Yes! The process is exactly the same for the 2.5” laptop and 3.5” desktop form-factor drives; and for IDE (PATA), SATA, and SAS drives, as well. Many (if not most) hard disk drives, including modern drives, still use Flash memory capable of communicating using the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol in a SOIC-8 package, like what was shown in the video, to store their firmware on. Really old drives may use other form-factor memory chips like TSOP-48, and some drives may have their firmware embedded in the controller chip itself, both of which would require an entirely different chip reader to read.

it's not that easy to solder a usbc port onto usb microb pads

@@cle4tle get a pigtail version. Make a hole somewhere

@@davidlee4530 that's a lot of risk for not a lot of return

@@cle4tle advantage -usbc are much easily available. -non directional means less chance of damage - if ever the socket is damaged, change is easy - uncoupling the charger slot from the pcb, means any abuse will not damage the PCB

@@davidlee4530 not only are micro b ports easier to find, they are also cheaper. using usb c just for the ground and 5v is overkill, might aswell just remove the port altogether and use contacts for the charging

Yes, excellent point! I agree. It’s on the list of tools to eventually purchase-I just haven’t invested in a nice one yet. I know Hakko makes a solder sucker but it’s pretty expensive. I’ve also seen Sir Richard use a solder sucker regularly on @Learn Electronic Repair but his seems to clog often and require as much cleaning as use. It’s probably just an acquired skill like anything else.

@@it-sd there is one that keeps popping around in the electronic circles: Engineer ss-02 desoldering pump, it's pretty powerful and can be handled with one hand. I am waiting to try it, still in the mail, waiting for it to arrive. The clogging issue is pretty common, especially with the teflon tip ones, the blue plastic ones especially. Having a good suction power would make clogs a rarity.

Awesome! Thank you so much for the recommendation! I’ll go look it up. When you get yours and test it out, I’d love to hear what you think of it.

@@it-sd sure thing. I would like to mention that I have not bought the original but a Chinese copy of it, from what I read you can barely notice the differences both technical and visual.

Very cool! Thanks for letting me know there’s both an original and an aftermarket copy. I’ll make sure to check them both out. I wish you the best of luck with the one you bought!

According to Electronics Repair School, if I remember from the video correctly, the CH341a automatically adjusts to 3.3V when reading from and writing to 3.3V memory chips. ruclips.net/video/J8-Sh7DjiXw/видео.htmlsi=4U2HRExvKhRoOvZ4

I have not had any issues reading from and writing to 3.3V powered chips using an un-modded CH341a. You do need to use a power converter to work with 1.8V chips, though.

@@it-sd So I watched the video and that was an awesome demonstration. The places I read about the 5v vs 3.3v discrepancy tested the voltage but never while it was connected to the BIOS chip. I really appreciate the link to the video. Now I have no reason to modify my CH314a.

@@it-sd Yeah I do not think I need the converter at the moment. I plan on flashing soon so your information and guidance will and has been a big help. I'll make sure to keep ya posted! Thanks again!

@@chacho1155 Outstanding! I’m glad you concur with me. I saw Sorin’s video many months ago but as I remember, he convinced me that no modifications were necessary to read 3.3V chips.

R-Studio should be able to recover the pictures you lost. A fast format should not delete much from your drive. Did you run a Scan of the recently partitioned drive? Run a Scan of the entire drive. R-Studio should find the leftover file fragments from the drive before it was partitioned. It’ll hopefully find the deleted partition. You should also find a copy of everything sorted by file extension if you check out the Raw Files after a scan.

@@it-sdraw files is total empty after full scan. I scan whole drive. All blocks on scan are blue in same color. There is old partition to revocer but empty. Drive was formated once fast format and second time formated fast in other file system from fatex to ntfs or from ntfs to fatex dont remember now. Files was not repleaced by nothing. I can pay for help how solve problem. I try few programs.

@KompDeal Just to make sure, are you positive you selected the correct drive before running the scan? Maybe you accidentally scanned a different drive connected to your system. Another suggestion would be to examine the drive using the Hex Editor built into R-Studio. If your drive was full, you should still see most of the sectors populated with data. If it’s mostly all zeros, then somehow the drive got wiped (erased). Also, if you want to try another equally good data recovery application, try UFS Explorer. www.ufsexplorer.com/products/ Best of luck. Let me know how the above suggestions work out if you happen to try them. I’ll try to help out any ways I can.

@@it-sd i scan correct drive for sure. I also make binarny copy to other drive, to test same data on other programs ad recive partitions in same time. I will make video and show all. Drive Has 3tb of data before now is total zero find.

@@it-sd 99,99% in Hex editor is zero. But for sure format was fast in 2 seconds mayby and data not repleaced. I try today UFS.

github.com/nofeletru/UsbAsp-flash

Works for me…🤷‍♂️

Maybe try looking up GitHub UsbAsp-flash instead. It’s a nice program-works well. There are other programs available, though if for some reason you are unable to find a copy of the USBASP-Flash application.

@@it-sdThe links in your description have a ')' at the end.

@@buildstoysThank you for elaborating. I finally got around to fixing this problem by reformatting the text and removing the parentheses.

Thank you for your comment! The U5 chip lacks many markings so I never even bothered attempting to research the chip C99 is connected to. The PNY USB Flash drive is mine so I can tell you what happened. It contains the Windows 10 2023 Update | Version 22H2 installer made by the Windows Media Creation Tool. I needed it to reinstall Windows on a client’s computer. So before I left for the job, I plugged it into a computer of mine, confirmed it was what I thought it was, and safely ejected the drive. Not more than 15 minutes later, when plugged into the client’s computer, it no longer worked. Their computer’s BIOS didn’t even recognize a drive was plugged in. The drive has been dead since.

@@it-sd Sounds like the client computer had dodgy USB ports then and somehow blew the U5 chip. But why are you doing a off-chip recovery on it when you could just install a new windows on a new stick? Maybe you should check the USB ports on that client computer with a USB voltimeter so its not spitting out too much voltage.

We’re on the same page. Before diagnosing the broken USB drive, I copied the Windows 10 2023 Update | Version 22H2 installer to another working USB drive and used it to reinstall Windows on the client’s computer. I’m just doing a chip-off recovery for fun to showcase the process. Thankfully, the chip-off data recovery went extremely well. The entire chip was read in about 2 hours, XOR was found based on the controller, ECC was found and corrected, and a solution containing the data preparation steps and translator configuration was found online. I only wish all chip-off data recoveries would go so smoothly.

@@it-sd I wonder, how do you find which blocks are used by the data? Since the controller is doing the wear-leveling and scrambling around the data to distribute the writes evenly to avoid flash wear... Or are the wear-leveling data stored on the flash-chip itself? but then you would still somehow reverse-engineer how to convert the scrambled data and the wear leveling information into usable data?

@sebastiannielsen The people over at ACELab reverse engineer the multitude of functions (like wear-leveling) of many of the popular Flash memory controllers available and then program those functions into the PC-3000 Flash software. In addition, ACELab hosts an online Solution Center where people can share PC-3000 Flash solutions that have worked for them in real life. I was able to find a nearly perfect solution online to my data recovery online. All I did was search for solutions based on the type of controller that was used in this PNY USB Flash drive. The trick to executing chip-off NAND Flash data recoveries is to buy an ACELab PC-3000 Flash and pay for updates every year so you have access to all of the newly reverse engineered controllers as ACELab produces them. If you watch my next video, I show how I used my PC-3000 Flash to perform the chip-off data recovery.

No, it is never recommended to perform a data recovery of the drive where R-Studio is actually running from. If your computer’s main system drive is not operating correctly due to either physical or logical errors, your drive could completely fail while performing a data recovery. Ideally, you always want to use R-Studio from a working drive and use it to recover data from malfunctioning drives. The only case where I think it might be useful is if you wanted to access another user’s password protected local user account data but you didn’t have the password to access the data by logging in normally as that user.

I’ve never tried it myself but others do claim the CH341a can be used to read 93CXX Flash memory chips. To do this apparently requires making a custom wiring harness to rewire how the 93CXX chips connect to the CH341a chip reader. I haven’t tested this so try it at your own risk but the consensus seems to be to connect: CH341a Pin 7 (CLK) -> 93CXX Pin 2 (SCK) CH341a Pin 6 (CS) -> 93CXX Pin 1 (SC) CH341a Pin 5 (MOSI) -> 93CXX Pin 3 (DI) CH341a Pin 4 (MISO) -> 93CXX Pin 4 (DO) CH341a Pin 3 (GND) -> 93CXX Pin 5 (GND) CH341a Pin 2 (3.3V) -> 93CXX No Connect CH341a Pin 1 (5V) -> 93CXX Pin 8 (Vcc) Also, on the 93CXX, Pin 6 and Pin 7 do not connect anywhere to the CH341a and are left floating. Thank you for submitting a question. I hope this helps. Whether you are successful or still need some help, please let me know how it goes.

Thank you!

Much appreciated. Thank you!

Thank you! 😀

Unfortunately, a lot of people on RUclips confuse noise with music! Sometimes I prefer to watch totally silent videos! So I mute the sound

@Firme-2-Ware I make a music-free version of every video. I hope you will find those more to your liking.

@@it-sd When I watch a technical video, the music isn't necessarily what I'm looking for. And unfortunately, RUclips's algorithms don't necessarily show the version you want to see first. ;)

Thanks for watching and for taking the time to leave feedback! Since music preferences can vary from person-to-person, I also make a music-free version of every video. Hopefully, these music-free versions will be more to your liking.

it seems people like you always lack what the focus is... @it-sd, you have DONE GREAT !!! THANKS !!!

You’re very welcome. Thanks for watching! Yes, one can edit BIOS firmware using the CH341a mini programmer and the AsProgrammer software. It’s very easy to do. First, successfully read the memory chip’s data. Next, simply select the code to edit with a mouse and type in the changes to made. When finished, press the “Program IC” toolbar button to copy the edited firmware back to the memory chip. What is great is one can edit both the hexadecimal code and the ASCII code directly. One relatively easy, common procedure is to edit the BiOS of a device so as to remove the firmware lock on it to allow the device to boot without first putting in the password.

Great information, thank you again. I'm looking forward to watch more of your videos. 😀👍

I appreciate the kind words. Thank you. 😀

Thank you! I appreciate your business and look forward to working with you again.

Lol...I know, right? I do try, though to make it as entertaining as possible.

Thank you for the feedback! An explanation of the process demonstrated in the video can be found in the Description Box located below the video title. If you press the “more” button, the Description Box will drop down and display the information you requested.

Hello and thank you for subscribing! I'm both humbled and grateful. Please let me know if you have any suggestions on changes to make or content for more videos. Next, I was planning making a video showing how to use a PC-3000 Flash to access the memory core of a MicroSD card directly and obtain a memory core chip ID.