It's Hard to say, 'Good-bye' - Challenges Faced by Eastern European Emigrants
Emily talks about the Pale of Settlement (all of today's Belarus and Moldova, eastern 2/3 of Ukraine, Poland, most of Lithuania, and a small part of Latvia). Between about 1880 and 1914, anyone who wanted to leave and head west had to go through the Pale and (unless they left thru Libau) cross into Austria, Germany or Prussia.)