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Radiology Frameworks
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Добавлен 16 фев 2023
I’m Charles Lau, MD, MBA, a board-certified physician, fellowship trained in cardiothoracic radiology & vascular/interventional radiology.
I’ve been on the faculty at Penn, Cleveland Clinic & Stanford over the last two decades, and am an award-winning educator. My audiences have been diverse, from top medical specialists at international conferences, to engineering teams at Google, to high school students.
I spend most of my time, however, teaching & working with young physicians, and I’ve created a large anthology of radiology lectures over the years… which I continue to add to all the time. I didn’t want to see all of these lectures silently gather dust on my laptop, so I’m sharing them with you here, available anywhere & anytime.
I’ve invested lots of effort & time to package complex concepts and material for you, more simply and elegantly than you’ll find almost anywhere else. No matter where you are in your training or your area of healthcare, there’s something here for you.
I’ve been on the faculty at Penn, Cleveland Clinic & Stanford over the last two decades, and am an award-winning educator. My audiences have been diverse, from top medical specialists at international conferences, to engineering teams at Google, to high school students.
I spend most of my time, however, teaching & working with young physicians, and I’ve created a large anthology of radiology lectures over the years… which I continue to add to all the time. I didn’t want to see all of these lectures silently gather dust on my laptop, so I’m sharing them with you here, available anywhere & anytime.
I’ve invested lots of effort & time to package complex concepts and material for you, more simply and elegantly than you’ll find almost anywhere else. No matter where you are in your training or your area of healthcare, there’s something here for you.
Staging Lung Cancer using the IASLC Lymph Node Map
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) lymph node map is a standardized system used to describe the location of lymph nodes in the chest. It's widely used in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of lung cancer.
The map divides the chest into 14 zones, which are numbered from 1 to 14, with each zone corresponding to a specific location of the lymph nodes, based on anatomical landmarks surrounding the lymph nodes. Some of these zones are further divided into subzones.
The IASLC lymph node map provides a common language for clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists to communicate and accurately describe the location of lymph nodes in relation to the tumor. This in...
The map divides the chest into 14 zones, which are numbered from 1 to 14, with each zone corresponding to a specific location of the lymph nodes, based on anatomical landmarks surrounding the lymph nodes. Some of these zones are further divided into subzones.
The IASLC lymph node map provides a common language for clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists to communicate and accurately describe the location of lymph nodes in relation to the tumor. This in...
Просмотров: 569
Видео
How to Read a TAVR Planning CT
Просмотров 37614 дней назад
Transcatheter aortic valve replacements (TAVRs) are often placed in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis for whom surgical aortic valve replacement would be particularly risky. Anatomic assessment of the patient on CT imaging helps determine the appropriate type and size of valve to deploy and evaluates the access route for its insertion. It can also help assess the risk of complica...
7 Signs Your Patient Might Have Diabetes
Просмотров 35321 день назад
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects over half a billion people worldwide, and is responsible for considerable pain, suffering, and death. Early detection is key, and while careful risk assessment and blood tests (e.g. fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C) catch many diabetics each year, many other fall still fall through the cracks. Learn how radiologists can help! 00:00 - Introducti...
Ultrasound: Acquisition Settings & Controls
Просмотров 512Месяц назад
Explore the essential controls & settings for optimizing ultrasound imaging in this comprehensive guide. From transducer selection and 2D grayscale adjustments to advanced Doppler techniques, this video covers everything you need to know. Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 00:36 - Transducer Selection 03:13 - 2D GRAYSCALE ULTRASOUND 03:28 - Depth 04:10 - Focal Zone(s) 05:03 - Overall Gain & Time Ga...
Top 10 Chest X-Ray Misdiagnoses to Avoid on Call
Просмотров 1,6 тыс.Месяц назад
In this talk, we’ll review ten top misdiagnoses to avoid when you’re reading chest x-rays on-call, in addition to realistic benchmarks for a radiologist reading chest x-rays prospectively. 00:00 - Introduction 00:14 - Overlooking a Retained Foreign Body 04:37 - Inaccurately Assessing Line/Tube Location 09:44 - Misinterpreting Pneumothorax 13:19 - Missing a Pleural Effusion 17:32 - Misinterpreti...
Brain MRI in Stroke
Просмотров 1,7 тыс.2 месяца назад
An introduction to brain MR imaging of stroke, including a discussion on how strokes occur, the goals of imaging, a review of standard brain MR sequences, MR angiography, and a review of several different stroke cases. 00:00 - Introduction 00:30 - Ischemic Strokes 02:58 - Hemorrhagic Strokes 04:00 - Goals of Stroke Imaging 05:04 - Head CT vs Brain MRI 07:32 - Brain MRI Sequences 15:00 - MR Angi...
The Reason behind Different Zonal Distributions of Lung Diseases
Просмотров 1,4 тыс.3 месяца назад
Armed with a basic understanding of pathophysiology and how well ventilation, blood perfusion, and lymphatic clearance work in different regions of the lungs, you can have a much better shot at remembering or making educated guesses about the geographic distributions of many lung diseases you’ll encounter. Some of the case images in this talk appear courtesy of Ahmed El-Sherief, MD. 00:00 - Int...
Teaching Resident Physicians Effectively
Просмотров 5453 месяца назад
Teaching radiology residents requires a thoughtful and pragmatic approach that navigates the constraints imposed by our busy clinical workloads in the reading room. One of the most outstanding radiology educators I ever encountered was a thoracic radiologist at Penn named Wally Miller, Jr. He frequently challenged me to approach resident teaching with the same care and consideration I strived t...
How to Read Bone X-Rays
Просмотров 2,6 тыс.3 месяца назад
In this talk, we review the fundamentals of reading bone x-rays, equipping you with the essential skills to interpret these common and crucial medical images. 00:00 - Introduction 00:06 - Anatomy 02:40 - Bone X-Ray Interpretation Checklist 03:03 - Bone: Periosteal Reaction 04:50 - Bone: Cortical Integrity / Fractures 09:29 - Bone: Density Changes 10:37 - Bone: Density Changes / Bone Tumors 13:1...
Abdominal CT Protocols
Просмотров 2,5 тыс.4 месяца назад
When an abdominal CT is performed, decisions must be made with respect to field of coverage, CT radiation dose, number of CT passes, IV contrast use, IV contrast timing, and enteric contrast. Learn the essentials in 20 minutes. 00:00 - Introduction 01:40 - Field of Coverage 02:26 - Radiation Dose 02:39 - Non-enhanced CT 03:20 - IV Contrast Timing 08:33 - Recognizing Enhancement Phase on a CT Im...
How to Assess CXR Image Quality & Adapt Your Read
Просмотров 9134 месяца назад
In this discussion, we unravel the factors that influence chest x-ray image quality and provide helpful insights into quality assessment and adapting your CXR interpretation in the setting of suboptimal image quality. Some of the case images in this talk appear courtesy of Ahmed El-Sherief, MD. 00:00 - Introduction 01:14 - Patient Positioning 01:59 - Patient Positioning: Rotation 05:14 - Patien...
Mammography & Tomosynthesis: Explained
Просмотров 1,7 тыс.4 месяца назад
In this discussion, we delve deep into the use of mammography and breast tomosynthesis in breast cancer detection and diagnosis. Discover the fundamental principles behind both imaging modalities, as we unravel how they work and how they compare against each other. From understanding the factors that influence their utilization to exploring the nuances of how radiologists use them, we try to le...
What Does A Radiologist Carry Everyday?
Просмотров 1 тыс.4 месяца назад
Curious about the tools and gadgets that accompany a diagnostic radiologist through their day? Join me as I unveil my everyday carry items tailored to the demands of my profession. Whether you're a fellow radiologist seeking inspiration for your own EDC or simply curious about the behind-the-scenes of one diagnostic radiologist's life, this video offers a glimpse into the world of a medical ima...
Respiratory Tract Infections: Viral Pneumonias
Просмотров 9694 месяца назад
Delve into the world of respiratory tract infections with this comprehensive guide, tailored for medical professionals and curious minds alike. In this talk, we review the anatomy of the respiratory tract, unravel the diverse symptoms and signs of various respiratory tract infections, and delve deep into the imaging findings that aid in diagnosis. With a special focus on viral respiratory tract...
Lung Infections | Chest Radiology Board Review
Просмотров 1,8 тыс.5 месяцев назад
Brush up on your knowledge of bacterial, viral, mycobacterial, and fungal lung infections. Multiple-choice and free-response based case review. *Caselist at end of this description.* Some of the case images in this talk appear courtesy of Ahmed El-Sherief, MD. Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 00:07 - Case 1 01:31 - Case 2 03:16 - Case 3 05:14 - Case 4 06:48 - Case 5 08:18 - Case 6 09:29 - Case 7 ...
Interventional Radiology 2 | Board Review
Просмотров 1,1 тыс.5 месяцев назад
Interventional Radiology 2 | Board Review
Interventional Radiology 1 | Board Review
Просмотров 2,5 тыс.5 месяцев назад
Interventional Radiology 1 | Board Review
Top 12 Critical Imaging Findings | Radiology On-Call
Просмотров 1,6 тыс.6 месяцев назад
Top 12 Critical Imaging Findings | Radiology On-Call
Create More Effective Radiology Reports
Просмотров 9306 месяцев назад
Create More Effective Radiology Reports
Lung Cancer & Other Neoplasms | Chest Radiology Board Review
Просмотров 1,6 тыс.6 месяцев назад
Lung Cancer & Other Neoplasms | Chest Radiology Board Review
Airspace Diseases | Chest Radiology Board Review
Просмотров 2,9 тыс.6 месяцев назад
Airspace Diseases | Chest Radiology Board Review
Complications after Lung Transplantation
Просмотров 7719 месяцев назад
Complications after Lung Transplantation
Lung Cancer Treatments: Surgery / Radiation
Просмотров 4,2 тыс.9 месяцев назад
Lung Cancer Treatments: Surgery / Radiation
How to Workup Inpatient Shortness of Breath
Просмотров 6259 месяцев назад
How to Workup Inpatient Shortness of Breath
Portable Chest X-Ray: Basic Technical Concepts
Просмотров 2,3 тыс.10 месяцев назад
Portable Chest X-Ray: Basic Technical Concepts
Exactly what I was looking for. Thank you!
Do you have a contact address?
Just a question if the tumor is left and we have an involvement of retrotracheal LN which is considered as right the stage will be contralateral (N3) ?
Yes, we would consider this as N3 category.
Excellent
Good Images describe the context better... thank you :)
Great presentation
Rads resident here, thank you for your videos, they have a sweet spot amount of detail. Looking forward to and hoping for many more!
Amazing talk!
Great presentation . Let's count how many "ummm" and "uhhhs" he says
750 to 1,000 would be a conservative estimate, though I sort of figured this out about two months into uploading talks to RUclips. The ones from April 2023 and on are more formally recorded (way fewer uhhhs), instead of me just talking totally off the cuff into my iPad.
@@radiologyframeworks 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 seriously the most bad ass response ever ! Your attitude is awesome!!! All joking aside this is a great video ...
Another fabulous lecture. I really appreciate how much effort you put into your visual aids. Your content is excellent, and you integrate the information in unique and useful ways, you have visually appealing and useful (yet minimalistic) visuals that aid learning. No fluff. No extraneous info. I can really see how you are an award winning lecturer. I hope to be a fraction as good at teaching when I am a consultant radiologist! Shared your website with all the trainees at my institution in Australia!
Thanks so much for the kind words & encouragement!
Nice delivery. Thank you
Very helpful
Radiology registrar here. Incredible lecture. Fabulous diagrams and other visuals.
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Very Informative!! Thank You!!
So fascinating to learn that there are radiological findings in diabetes. Great lecture as always; really enjoy the stuff you make.
You didn’t explain right lung lobe and left lung lobe on lateral view?
Brilliant doco thanks
Thank you very much for your videos! Could you please tell me where the information about calcification patterns comes from? In our country, amorphous calcification is considered to be a benign sign.
This approach to lung nodule calcification patterns was taught to us when I was resident, and continues to be what my colleagues and I continue to teach our residents today. It appears in textbooks we assign for reading, and in the scientific literature too. Take for example, the chest radiology textbook "Diagnostic Thoracic Imaging" by Wallace T. Miller (a radiology textbook favored at Penn): "Amorphous, irregular, punctate, and eccentric patterns of calcification have been identified in a variety of malignancies including bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoid tumors, and metastasis." "It must be remembered that calcification alone is not diagnostic of a granuloma or a benign condition. Calcification will be present in 6% to 14% of primary lung carcinomas. However, the calcification in cancer is typically amorphous or stippled in character, different than the patterns of calcification which are specific for granulomas." Similar discussions of the different lung nodule calcification patterns and their implications go back for decades in the scientific literature. Take for example the 1993 AJR paper "CT of the Lung: Patterns of Calcification and Other High-Attenuation Abnormalities" by Chai and Patz: "Approximately 6% of all primary lung cancers show a punctate, amorphous, or reticular pattern of calcification on CT scans. This variation is probably due to several different causes: (1) engulfment of benign calcification by the tumor as is seen in scar carcinoma, (2) dystrophic calcification arising from necrosis within the tumor, and (3) calcium deposition resulting from secretions by the tumor."
Thank you very much! Could you please tell me if the term "infiltration" is used when describing CT scans?
"Infiltration" is a term that's not commonly encountered with respect to the CT scans. If folks do use this term, it's typically on chest x-rays when they see a nonspecific lung opacity. Since CT imaging usually affords us the capability to be more specific in characterizing a lung opacity, the need to use a "catch-all" nonspecific term like "infiltration" is much less. Many subspecialist chest radiologists - myself included - discourage the use of the term "infiltration" altogether - not be cause it's nonspecific, but because it means different things to different people and is therefore ambiguous in its meaning. For some folks, an "infiltration" could represent atelectasis, infection, non-infectious inflammation, hemorrhage, neoplasm, or interstitial fibrosis in the lung, while for other folks it might represent a subset of these items, and for some it might just mean "probably pneumonia". Since we strive to avoid miscommunication that may affect clinical management, a term like "opacity" is favored since it tends to have a more consistent interpretation by all parties.
good mornning sir , please most of abreviation we dont know , excuse me to be mentioned and explained
thank you so much for this very informative discussion on basic bone radiologic imaging interpretations.
Thank you so much for your hard work! I would like to ask why we should specify the average value when measuring solid nodes. Why not specify the maximum long axis and the maximum short axis separately?
In their 2017 article "Recommendations for Measuring Pulmonary Nodules at CT: A Statement from the Fleischner Society", the Fleischner Society recommends: "the dimension of small pulmonary nodules (<10 mm) should be expressed as the average of maximal long-axis and perpendicular maximal short-axis measurements in the same plane. For larger nodules and masses, both long- and short-axis measurements should be recorded." The reason for their recommendation is probably because the solid lung nodule size thresholds that appear in the current follow-up CT recommendation tables published by the Fleischner Society (for incidental pulmonary nodules) and the American College of Radiology (for lung cancer screening) currently are *average* diameters, rather than short-axis or long-axis diameters. For example, a footnote at the bottom of the Fleischner Society 2017 Guidelines for Management of Incidentally Detected Pulmonary Nodules in Adults reads: "Dimensions are average of long and short axes, rounded to the nearest millimeter."
Also doctor, I'd like to mention your presentation in speaking is beyond outstanding and your command of the medical terminology as it relates to the English language is beyond excellent. Thank you so much for this combat makes me wish I was in med school to become a Radiologist. Thank you Mike and Los Angeles(you are an outstanding instructor).
Hello Dr. I'm an X-ray tech newly licensed in CT, this is an outstanding presentation, it's unbelievably important. And this attack, I appreciate this because it helps me to realize how important I need to spend time positioning the patient to get a great diagnostic film for the Radiologist. I'm trying to get a CT position, but looking at this makes me appreciate how basic Radiography is so important. Thank you Mike in Los Angeles
Traction Bronchiectasis: "good airways in a bad neighbourhood"
also, calcified modules are not of concern
Thank you. It’s really helpful.
This board review playlist was great! I will recommend it for future residents. I appreciate your videos and willingness to teach.
Sir plz make video on abdominal organs also. I'm new fellow from Bangladesh
Love the analogy with Google translate!
❤❤❤❤❤❤
Excellent
Really great work! Thanks
Absolutely brilliant as usual. I have all my residents listening to these talks 🙏🏾
Thank you so much for the brilliant presentations....
zojirushi thermos FTW
echoing other comments, great for boards as well as for differential building/pruning.
Can I have the presentation?
You can find a link to a PDF of all of these slides, just by going to the video and expanding the “Description” section underneath. You’ll find links of this type for almost every one of my talks in the Description area of each video.
Great video! This material helped me a lot. Have you thought about making some material with 1st, 3rd trimester or with some fetal abnormalities?
Very practical
This was incredible. Any book or paper recommendations to learn more?
Thank you! I’ve had a really tough time finding a good book or paper on this topic, and have had to piece things together along the way during my career. That’s why I felt driven to make this particular talk!
@@radiologyframeworks its unfortunate that there is not a resource. This topic is NEVER talked about in residency---you better believe the CPA's and MBA's doling out the physician $$ at hospitals can recite this information.
I really like how you simplify the concepts with diagrams 👍
Superb
Superb presentation 🎉❤
Perfect 🎉
Many thanks for making these valuable videos available on RUclips ❤
It’s really rewarding to know they’re helpful!
Great Lecture
Great video, thank you very much! Can you please link a publication, where we can find that specificity and sensitivity for CT detection of acute stroke? Thanks
Thanks! You'll encounter a range of performance reported throughout the medical literature, and the reference I used was one that seemed closest to my personal observations over the years. The reference is: "CT and diffusion-weighted MR imaging in randomized order: diffusion-weighted imaging results in higher accuracy and lower interrater variability in the diagnosis of hyperacute ischemic stroke" by Fiebach et al. in Stroke (2002). A reference that reported lower sensitivity, but higher specificity is "Certainty of Stroke Diagnosis: Incremental Benefit with CT Perfusion over Non-contrast CT and CT Angiography" by Hopyan et al. in Radiology (2010), where a sensitivity of 52.5% and specificity of 84.4% are reported for radiologists diagnosing stroke on non-contrast head CT. There's another reference that reports even lower sensitivity and higher specificity for non-contrast head CT: "Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in emergency assessment of patients with suspected acute stroke: a prospective comparison" by Chalela et al. in The Lancet (2007), where they report: For acute stroke: - CT sensitivity 26% - MR sensitivity 83% - CT specificity 98% - MR specificity 97% For acute ischemic stroke: - CT sensitivity 16% - MR sensitivity 83% - CT specificity 98% - MR specificity 96%
more enlightening i enjoyed the lecture